Circulatory System. Date. Name Sunday, March 10. By Sharon Fabian

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1 Sunday, March 10 Circulatory System By Sharon Fabian Blood circulates through your body all the time through a complicated system of large and small pathways. Your heart pumps day and night to transport the blood on its nonstop journey. This is your circulatory system, and it is in constant motion for a very good reason. Your circulatory system is like the freight train that delivers essential supplies to wherever they are needed in your body. As blood travels to all parts of your body, it delivers food and oxygen to your cells. It removes carbon dioxide and other waste materials. Along the way, it also helps to regulate your body temperature. The center of your circulatory system is your heart. It is a hollow muscle with two side-by-side pumps. When you are resting, your heart pumps about 70 times each minute. When you are exercising, it pumps even more. The pump on the right side sends a supply of blood to your lungs. The pump on the left side sends blood to all other parts of your body. Another part of the system is blood vessels, the rubbery tubes that carry the blood from place to place. The three types of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry blood from the heart; the main one is the aorta. Veins carry blood to the heart; the two main ones are called the vena cava. Capillaries are very tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins. The third part of the circulatory system is the blood itself. Blood is made up of a liquid called plasma and three types of particles called red cells, white cells, and platelets. An average sized adult has about 5 quarts of blood in his body. A child who weighs 80 pounds has about 2 1/2 quarts of blood. The circulatory system does its job by working together with other body systems. It works with your respiratory system to deliver oxygen. After your lungs take in a good breath of air, the oxygen passes into your blood stream. The blood travels to your heart, where it is pumped out the left side, through your aorta, to all parts of your body. Blood carries its supply of oxygen through your arteries, then through smaller capillaries, and finally delivers it through the capillary walls to wherever it is needed. Next, carbon dioxide, which you don't need, comes into the capillaries, passing right through the capillary walls just like the oxygen did. It flows through little capillaries, then through larger veins back to the heart through a main vein, the vena cava. The right side of your heart pumps this supply of blood, with its cargo of carbon dioxide, to your lungs, and you breathe out. One journey is finished! Your circulatory system works with your digestive system in much the same way that it works with your respiratory system. It carries digested food to everywhere it is needed. Food enters the blood stream the same way that oxygen does, right through the wall! Digested food passes through the wall from your small intestine into your capillaries. Your blood stream carries it on a complete path through your body, with a stopover at your liver. It delivers the nutrients, the good parts of the food, to the right places, and carries the waste products on to other places so they can be disposed of. Blood helps regulate your temperature too. When the weather is hot, lots of blood flows to your skin where it can release heat from inside your body. In cold weather, less blood flows to your skin, to keep more of your heat inside. Your heart, blood vessels, and blood make up a system that can do all kinds of useful things! In fact, they make up the best transportation system ever invented -- your circulatory system.

2 Sunday, March 10 Circulatory System Questions 1. The circulatory system. A. digests food B. includes all of the bones C. carries blood throughout the body D. includes muscles and tendons 2. The circulatory system. A. delivers supplies B. removes wastes C. regulates temperature D. all of the above 3. The parts of the circulatory system are. A. heart, blood vessels, blood B. blood vessels, blood, red cells C. heart, muscles, blood D. blood vessels, blood, oxygen 4. The liquid part of blood is. A. plasma B. platelets C. red cells D. white cells 5. Each system of the body can work independently, with no help from any other systems. A. false B. true 6. Arteries are. A. blood vessels that carry blood to the heart B. parts of the respiratory system C. the tiniest blood vessels D. blood vessels that carry blood from the heart 7. The body needs a supply of. A. oxygen B. nutrients C. both D. neither 8. If you are exercising outside on a hot day, your face gets red because. A. less blood flows to your skin B. you are breathing slower C. your heart pumps slower D. more blood flows to your skin

3 Monday, March 11 Red Blood Cells By Jennifer Kenny Red blood cells are one of the four main parts of blood. The other parts are white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Did you know that there are about twenty-five trillion red blood cells in an adult's body? Red blood cells are very tiny. One hundred twenty-five red blood cells placed end-to-end would only be one millimeter long. Red blood cells are shaped like a doughnut. They are round, but they look like their centers have been partially scooped out. Even though they are considered cells, they do not have a nucleus. They are soft and flexible so they can pass through the capillaries. They can't move on their own, though. Instead, the flow of blood carries them. Red blood cells are produced in bone marrow, the spongy part inside some of the bones. The mother cells in bone marrow can make over one hundred million red blood cells each minute. Red blood cells live for about four months. They become fragile as they get older and begin to lose their shape. When that happens, they are carried to the spleen or the liver where they are destroyed, but parts of them can be recycled into new blood cells. What is the main job of the red blood cells? They transport oxygen from the lungs to every other part of the body. They also collect carbon dioxide from the body and take it back to the lungs. There is a special protein in red blood cells called hemoglobin that helps them do this. Actually, each red blood cell contains over two hundred fifty million hemoglobin molecules. The hemoglobin makes the blood red. More importantly, though, the hemoglobin combines with the oxygen and carbon dioxide so it can be transported where it needs to go. Red Blood Cells Questions 1. The four main parts of blood are white blood cells, platelets, plasma, and. A. oxygen B. red blood cells C. bone marrow 2. There are about red blood cells in an adult's body. A. 25 trillion B. 125 C. 100 million 3. Red blood cells do not have a nucleus. A. False B. True 4. Red blood cells live for about 120 days. A. True B. False

4 Monday, March makes the blood red. 6. What is the main job of red blood cells? A. carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide B. fighting disease C. clotting blood 7. What do you think would happen if the red blood cells weren't doing their job correctly? Describe red blood cells to someone who has never heard of them.

Tuesday, March 12 Donating Blood By Cindy Grigg A blood bank is a place where blood is stored for emergency use. In the United States about every two seconds, someone needs blood.

5 Tuesday, March 12 Donating Blood By Cindy Grigg A blood bank is a place where blood is stored for emergency use. In the United States about every two seconds, someone needs blood. That's over 43,000 people every DAY. Not long ago, people with a bad wound might have bled to death. Today, blood is donated by people. The donated blood is stored in blood banks to keep it safe for emergency use. To donate blood, a person must be 17 years old and weigh at least 110 pounds. Adults have about 10 pints of blood in their bodies. When blood is donated, about one pint is taken. The process takes about 10 minutes. With the paperwork and recovery time afterwards, a person is usually in and out of the donation center in 45 minutes to one hour. January is National Volunteer Blood Donor Month. One pint of blood can save up to three lives. A pint of blood can be separated into its different parts: red blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Donated blood can be given to a person as whole blood. Or each part can be given to three different people. Red blood cells contain iron, and they carry oxygen in the blood. Platelets help blood to clot. Platelets are needed by people with leukemia and other cancers or patients having surgery. Plasma is a mixture of water, proteins, and salts. Plasma is needed to transport the other blood parts to all the body's cells. Plasma makes up more than half of the volume of blood. Plasma can be frozen and used up to a year later. Red blood cells can be stored for 42 days. Platelets can only be stored for 5 days. The American Red Cross urges people to donate blood so that many lives can be saved. Donating Blood Questions 1. If 43,200 people need blood each day, how many people need a blood donation in a year? 2. To donate blood, a person must be. A. 21 years old B. 35 years old C. 17 years old D. 18 years old 3. What is the job of red blood cells? A. Red blood cells contain iron and carry oxygen in the blood. B. Red blood cells help blood to clot. C. Red blood cells transport the other blood parts to all the body's cells. D. all of the above

6 Tuesday, March Whole blood can be separated into different parts. A. two B. ten C. three D. five 5. Plasma. A. is a mixture of water, proteins, and salts B. makes up more than half of the volume of blood C. can be frozen and used up to a year later D. all of the above 6. The author's main purpose for writing this story was to. A. persuade B. inform C. entertain D. express personal feelings Do you know anyone who has received a blood donation? If so, ask this person how he or she feels about the person who donated the blood. What would the person who received the blood like to say to the person who donated it? If you don't know anyone who has received blood, write a dialog that you think might take place between these two people.

Wednesday, March 13 White Blood Cells By Brandi Waters Caption: Frog blood cells; the white blood cells are the round, dark ones in the center of the picture.

7 Wednesday, March 13 White Blood Cells By Brandi Waters Caption: Frog blood cells; the white blood cells are the round, dark ones in the center of the picture. Red blood cells give your blood its red color. They carry oxygen from your lungs to all of the cells in your body. However, there is more to your blood than just red blood cells. More than half of your blood is made up of a liquid called plasma. It is mostly water, but it is very important. Plasma helps your blood to flow. It allows your heart to pump your blood through your blood vessels. Red blood cells make up most of the remaining part of your blood, but there are other important blood components. One of these is white blood cells. White blood cells may seem a little out of place in your blood. They have little in common with red blood cells. Their job has nothing to do with the heart or blood vessels. White blood cells are like soldiers. Their job is to protect you from invaders. White blood cells fight germs that try to enter your body. Germs can get into your body through the air that you breathe and through the things that you eat or drink. They can also get into your body through a cut on your skin. White blood cells are always looking out for germs. If they find a germ (or many germs), they can call for help and more white blood cells will come to help. If there is an accident and you have a cut, white blood cells can also help to prevent germs from getting inside your body. They move quickly to the area that is hurt. They help keep the area clean, help your body to heal, and kill germs. Normally, there are not very many white blood cells in your blood. If you need them, your body can make more. If you get a small cut on your knee, you will need a few more white blood cells to help the cut heal and to kill germs. If you get sick with the flu, you will need a lot more white blood cells. After the threat has passed, some white blood cells can remember what the invader looked like. These white blood cells can react very quickly if that type of germ ever returns. They can act so quickly that they can kill the germ before it can make you sick! White Blood Cells Questions 1. makes up more than half of your blood. A. White blood cells B. Red blood cells C. Plasma D. Platelets 2. White blood cells. A. carry oxygen to your cells B. fight germs C. help your blood flow D. all of the above

8 Wednesday, March What is the job of a white blood cell? 4. Your body makes more white blood cells. A. when you have a cut B. when you get sick C. when you need them D. all of the above 5. What can some white blood cells do that protects you from getting sick from the same type of germ a second time? Doctors can count the number of white blood cells in your blood to help them find out what is wrong with a patient. What does it mean if a patient has a large number of white blood cells in their blood? What does it mean if there are a small number of white blood cells in their blood?

Thursday, March 14 The Heart By Jennifer Kenny The heart is the strong muscle which pumps blood throughout your body. It is a hollow muscle, about the size and shape of a fist.

9 Thursday, March 14 The Heart By Jennifer Kenny The heart is the strong muscle which pumps blood throughout your body. It is a hollow muscle, about the size and shape of a fist. It is actually made up of two separate pumps. It is called an involuntary muscle because it works without you ever having to think about it working. Isn't that amazing? You'd never get anything done if you always had to think about making your heart beat! The heart is located between the lungs and behind your rib cage. It is in a slanting position in the center of the chest. The pericardium is a covering that keeps the heart from rubbing against your lungs and chest wall. The heart has four chambers in it (right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle). The muscular wall called the septum divides the two sides of the heart. Blood can't pass from one side to the other. Each side of the heart has an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The upper chambers are called the atria. The atria are holding chambers for blood entering the heart from the veins. The ventricles are the lower chambers. They act like pumps. The walls of the ventricles are thick. During each heartbeat, the cardiac muscle squeezes hard, forcing blood into the pulmonary artery or aorta (the main artery). The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs. The left side of the heart pumps blood away to the rest of the body. Valves in the heart control the flow of blood through the heart. Therefore, the blood can go in only one direction. The valves are called the tricuspid valve, the mitral valve, and the semilunar valves. Your heart continuously beats. For the average adult, the heart beats about seventy times a minute. That amounts to around forty million times a year. Isn't that hard to believe? The Heart Questions 1. The is the strong muscle which pumps blood throughout your body. 2. The heart is actually made of separate pumps. A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D The heart is a voluntary muscle. A. True B. False

10 Thursday, March The is a protective covering which keeps the heart from rubbing against your lungs and chest wall. A. pericardium B. septum C. valve D. chamber 5. The muscular wall called the divides the two sides of the heart. A. valve B. pericardium C. chamber D. septum 6. The are the lower chambers of the heart. A. ventricles B. atria 7. The is the main artery. 8. On average, how many times a minute does the heart beat in an adult? A. 70 times B. 140 times C. 4 times D. 40,000 times

Friday, March 15 Keeping Your Circulatory System Healthy By Brandi Waters It is important to keep your circulatory system working at its best. Your heart pumps blood to every part of your body.

11 Friday, March 15 Keeping Your Circulatory System Healthy By Brandi Waters It is important to keep your circulatory system working at its best. Your heart pumps blood to every part of your body. It travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels! Blood carries oxygen from your lungs. If there is a problem with your blood, your heart, or your blood vessels, your whole body can suffer. If you don't get enough oxygen to your brain, you might not be able to think clearly. If your stomach isn't getting enough oxygen, it might be hard for you to digest your food. If there is a problem with one of your blood vessels, blood could stop flowing to a part of your body. Without it, those cells could die. What can you do to keep your circulatory system healthy? You can make sure that you are getting plenty of exercise. When you exercise, you heart beats faster. This makes your heart stronger. Your heart is a muscle. Just like the muscles in your arms and legs, your heart gets bigger and stronger the more that you use it. Exercise also helps to keep your blood vessels working properly. Go outside and play! Ride your bicycle. Go for a swim. Your body will thank you! Eat healthy foods. They will keep your circulatory system healthy. Iron-rich foods like beans, whole-grain breads and cereals, red meat, and green vegetables are good for your blood. Try to avoid fatty foods, especially fried foods and foods that contain a type of fat called trans fat. Eating too much fat can cause fat to build up in your blood vessels. This could cause a heart attack. Eating too much sugar can also be unhealthy. It causes inflammation, or swelling, inside your body, even in your blood vessels. One final thing that you can do to keep your circulatory system healthy is easy. Do not smoke. Smoking puts many dangerous chemicals in your body. It harms your blood vessels and heart. It also puts unhealthy gases into your blood. Your cells will get less oxygen. Saying no to smoking is the easiest way to do something good for your body. Keeping Your Circulatory System Healthy Questions 1. Which of the following is NOT a part of the circulatory system? A. blood B. blood vessels C. stomach D. heart 2. Exercise helps to keep your heart healthy because. A. your heart gets stronger when it beats faster B. your heart pumps less blood when you exercise C. you make new blood vessels when you exercise D. all of the above 3. Beans and green vegetables are a good source of, which is good for your blood. A. sodium B. iron C. vitamin C D. oxygen

12 Friday, March Explain how a problem with your circulatory system could affect your brain. 5. What is one thing that you should not do in order to keep your circulatory system healthy? Exercise is good for your heart. What is your favorite way to exercise? Explain what you like about it.

The Heart By Brandi Waters Saturday, March 16 Many people think of love when they think about their hearts. They might say, "I love you from the bottom of my heart.

13 The Heart By Brandi Waters Saturday, March 16 Many people think of love when they think about their hearts. They might say, "I love you from the bottom of my heart." Sometimes people complain of having a broken heart when they are sad. A person who does something mean might be described as being heartless. Actually, your heart has nothing to do with your feelings. Your heart has a much more important job. Your heart is a big muscle. It is about the same size as your fist. Like all muscles, your heart can "flex." It makes a squeezing motion when it flexes. Your heart does this over and over again. This is your heartbeat. Your heart beats to move blood to all the parts of your body. This process is called circulation. It takes less than a minute to move blood to all of the cells in your body! Blood is pumped to your lungs where it picks up oxygen from the air you breathe. Next, the blood is pumped from the heart to other parts of your body. The blood delivers oxygen to all your cells. It also carries away waste that your cells don't need. This waste is carbon dioxide. Your heart keeps beating and carries the blood back to your lungs. There, your blood exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen. When you breathe out, or exhale, the carbon dioxide is removed from your body. Your heart carries oxygen to all the parts of your body. This is why your heart is so important. If your heart stops beating, your cells do not have oxygen. They stop working. Your body cannot survive for very long without oxygen. Your heart helps to keep you alive. The Heart Questions 1. Your heart. A. is a muscle B. carries carbon dioxide to your cells C. holds your emotions D. all of the above 2. Your heart's job is to. A. move blood to all the parts of your body B. help you breathe C. make you strong D. make heat to keep your body warm 3. Your heart and work together to supply your body with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide from your body. A. brain B. fist C. stomach D. lungs

14 Saturday, March The process that moves to every part of your body is called circulation. 5. How big is your heart? Why do you think that people have associated the heart with feelings, especially feelings of love? Explain your reasoning.

The Function. To carry nutrients and oxygen to and remove waste from the cells of the body.

The Function. To carry nutrients and oxygen to and remove waste from the cells of the body. The Function To carry nutrients and oxygen to and remove waste from the cells of the body. What makes up the circulatory system? 1. Heart 2. Blood 3. Blood vessels Blood travels from the heart to the body