Animal Science 434. Sperm Head. Sperm From Different Species. Sperm Structure. Epididymis, Ejaculation and Semen. Head Acrosome Neck Middle Piece
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1 Sperm Structure Head Acrosome Neck Middle Piece Animal Science 434 Annulus Principal Piece Epididymis, Ejaculation and Semen End Piece Sperm From Different Species Sperm Head (Equatorial Segment) Nucleus Nucleus Acrosome Plasma Membrane Capitulum Laminated columns (flexibility) Mitochondrial helix (energy) Nucleus Acrosome Reaction Acrosomal Enzymes Ø Acrosin Ø Hyaluronidase Middle piece Course outer fibers Axoneme ( ) [Bending]
2 Midpiece Annulus Principal Piece Fibrous Sheath or helix Sperm Tail Mitochondrion Dense Fibers PM Axoneme Long. Column Fibrous Rib Middle Piece Principal Piece Microtubule Sliding in Sperm Tail Sperm Glucose-6-phosphate Glucose Phosphohexoisomerase Fructose-6-phosphate Fructose Anerobic (Glycolysis) Lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H 2 O Tricarboxcylic Acid Cycle Fatty Acids 36 ATP/Glucose 36 ATP/Fructose Aerobic
3 phosphatase Sperm Glucose-6-phosphate Glucose Fructose-6-phosphate Lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H 2 O Tricarboxcylic Acid Cycle Phosphohexoisomerase Fructose Fatty Acids 36 ATP/Glucose 36 ATP/Fructose Anerobic (Glycolysis) Aerobic ATP Utilization in Sperm motility (60%) substrate cycling (40%) wasted maintenance of ionic gradients very small amount transcription and translation none after condensation of nucleus and loss of residual body Sperm Temperature dependent ATP production increases as temperature increases ATP dependent processes are temperature dependent motility increases with increasing temperature Effect of Temperature on Motility Transport of Sperm Caput Rete Testis fluid flow RT secretion Seminiferous Tubule bulk fluid flow of of myoid cells Vas Efferentia fluid flow cilia Vas Deferens Corpus Cauda 1. Maturation Epididymal Function change in fertility develop motility nuclear condensation cytoplasmic droplet 2. Concentration remove water
4 3. Secretion Epididymal Function T DHT energy substrates (GPC, free fatty acids, carnitine) glycoproteins, lipids, enzymes 4. Transport smooth muscle contraction 5. Storage cauda Hormonal Control of Epididymis Absolute need for Androgen Caput tubal testosterone Corpus tubal dihydrotestosterone (DHT) vascular testosterone Cauda tubal DHT vascular testosterone Ejaculate Characteristics Species Time lapse for Composition of Bull 1 second single fraction Ram 1 second single fraction Boar 5-25 minutes fractionated sperm-free sperm-rich coagulum Stallion seconds fractionated sperm-free sperm-rich mucus Human seconds single fraction but coagulated Components of Semen water sperm substrates fructose sorbitol inositol glycerol phosphatidyl choline (GPC) citric acid inorganic salts sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride proteins color Initial Semen Evaluation volume concentration motility viability morphology Color Semen Color and Volume White to cream color - good Yellow urine present Clear or thin in appearance few sperm Volume Weight, 1 ml = 1 gm Concentration Hemocytometer gold standard Spectrophotometer, photometer, fluorometer(measure DNA)
5 Motility Evaluation Fluorescent Sperm Viability Assay Also a viability evaluation Visual estimation Nearest 5% estimate Sybr14 / PI Green = viable Red = dead Total motility all the moving sperm Progressive motility those sperm moving in a straight line Adaptable to Microscopy or Flow cytometry CASA Computer aided sperm analysis Tracts individual sperm and computes a variety of statistics on the sample Sample preparation is key to usefulness of data obtained!!! Morphology Variety of sample preparations and methods for evaluation Stain vs. no stain Wet mount vs. dried or fixed Magnification of observation Computer systems require training samples Morphology Classifications Scheme A üprimary Head abnormalities üsecondary Tail abnormalities Scheme B üprimary Head abnormalities üsecondary Tail abnormalities ütertiary Cytoplasmic droplets
6 Ejaculate Characteristics Species Ejaculate Sperm Total Sperm % % Volume Conc. (x10 9 ) Motile Normal (x10 9 /ml) /Ejaculate Bull Ram Boar Stallion Man
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