SULIT J1 4551/2. No Marking criteria Marks Total marks 1. (a)(i) Able to name Level 1 and Level 2. Dapat menamakan Aras 1 dan aras 2.

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2 SULIT J 455/2. (a)(i) Able to name Level and Level 2. Dapat menamakan Aras dan aras 2. Level /Aras : Cell/Sel Level 2/Aras 2: Tissue/Tisu. (a)(ii) Able to state Level 3 different from Level 2. Dapat menyatakan Aras 3 berbeza dari Aras 2. 2 P : Level 3 is an organ whereas Level 2 is tissue Aras 3 ialah organ manakala Aras 2 ialah tisu. P2 : Level 3 consists of many different types of tissues whereas Level 2 consists of the similar cells. Aras 3 menpunyai beberapa tisu yang berbeza manakala Aras 2 mempunyai banyak sel yang sama.. (b) Able to explain the importance of Level 4 to human. Dapat menerangkan kepentingan Aras 4 kepada manusia.. P : The system is (human) nervous system. Sistem ini ialah sistem saraf (manusia). P2 : Nervous system finctions in controlling / regulating / communicating (all) systems in the body. Sistem saraf berfungsi dalam mengawal / mengawalatur / komunikasi (semua) system dalam badan. P3 : It is the centre of all mental / thought / learning/ memory activity. merupakan pusat semua aktiviti mental / pemikiran / pembelajaran / memori. P4 : Detects stimuli & transmits impulses from receptors to the central nervous system / from central nervous system to the effector mengesan rangsangan dan menghantar impuls dari reseptor ke sistem saraf pusat / dari sistem saraf pusat ke efektor. P5 : Enable us to respond appropriately towards stimuli. Membolehkan kita bergerakbalas sewajarnya terhadap rangsangan. (Any P) (any 3P) 3. (c)(i) Able to name X and Y. Dapat menamakan X dan Y. X: xylem/xilem Y: phloem/floem 2. (c)(ii) Able to state the function of X and Y in transportation process in a plant. Dapat menyatakan fungsi X dan Y dalam proses pengangkutan dalam tumbuhan. X: transports water / and (dissolve) minerals from root to leaves / all plant parts. Mengangkut air / dan mineral (terlarut) dari akar ke daun / semua bahagian tumbuhan Y: transports glucose / sucrose / photosynthesis products from leaves to all plant cells / parts. Mengangkut glukosa / sukrosa / hasil fotosintesis dari daun ke semua sel / bahagian tumbuhan. 2

3 SULIT J2 455/2. (c)(iii) Able to explain how P is adapted for this function. Dapat menerangkan bagaimana X diadaptasi untuk fungsi ini. P : X / Xylem undergoes lignification / thickens with lignin X / xilem menjalani penebalan lignin P2 : Lignin is a hard / tough / rigid / waterproof substance Lignin ialah bahan yang keras / tahan lasak / kuat / kalis air P3 : Forms woody tissues Membentuk tisu berkayu P4 : Ground tissues / traceid / parenchyma / schlerenchyma (help to) strengthen X / xylem Tisu asas / trakeid / parenkima / sklerenkima (membantu) menguatkan X / xilem P5: Circumference / diameter of stem increases Ukurlilit / diameter batang bertambah. 2. (a)(i) Able to name K and L. Dapat namakan K dan L. (any 2P) 2 TOTAL 2 K : Glucose/Glukosa L : Fructose/Fruktosa 2. (a)(ii) Able to state the number of molecules in K and L. Dapat nyatakan bilangan molekul K dan L. K : L : 2. (b) Able to name and explain process M. Dapat menamakan dan menerangkan proses M. F : Condensation Kondensasi P : molecule of K (glucose/fructose) combines with molecule of L (fructose/glucose). molekul K (glukosa/fruktosa) bergabung dengan molekul L (fruktosa/glukosa). P2 : to form molecule of sucrose and water molecule. Untuk membentuk molekul sukrosa dan molekul air. 2. (c) Able to explain the effect of the unbalanced diet to the person. Dapat menerangkan kesan gizi tidak seimbang terhadap individu tersebut. E : Gallstones / bilestone / stone formation Pembentukan batu hempedu/batu karang P : Excessive intake of fatty food / oily food. Pengambilan makanan berlemak / berminyak secara berlebihan. P2 : cholesterol /fat hardened / deposited in the bile duct (forms gallstones) Kolesterol / lemak menjadi keras / terenap dalam duktus hempedu (membentuk batu hempedu). P3 : Bile cannot flow out. Hempedu tidak dapat mengalir keluar. P4 : Bile duct is blocked Duktus hempedu tersumbat. P5 : Lipids cannot be emulsified (into tiny fat droplets) Lipid tidak boleh diemulsikan (kepada titisan lemak yang halus) P6 : (Fats are) difficult to be hydrolysed / digested. (Lemak) sukar untuk dihidrolisis / dicerna. 2 2 (any F+P) 2 (any E+2P) 3

4 SULIT J3 455/2 2. (d) Able to explain the effects of the removal of organ T in the digestion of carbohydrates. Dapat menerangkan kesan penyingkiran organ T terhadap pencernaan karbohidrat. F : Organ T is the pancreas. Organ T ialah pancreas. P : (if it is removed), no pancreatic juice produced /secreted. (Jika pancreas disingkirkan), jus pancreas tidak boleh dihasilkan/dirembes. P2: No pancreatic amylase produced / secreted. Tiada amilase pancreas dihasilkan/dirembes. P3 : Hydrolysis of starch into maltose will not be completed / carried out Hidrolisis kanji kepada maltose tidak dapat dilengkapkan / dijalankan. P4 : Less maltose / glucose produced. Kurang maltosa / glukosa dihasilkan. (any F+2P) 3 TOTAL 2 3. (a)(i) Able to state what is the organelle. Dapat menyatakan apakah organel tersebut. Mitochondrion/Mitokondria 3. (a)(ii) Able to explain why membrane X is highly folded Dapat menerangkan mengapa membran X sangat berlipat-lipat P : To increase total surface area Untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan P2 : More oxygen / glucose diffuses across X Lebih banyak oksigen / glukosa meresap merentasi X P3 : More glucose is oxidised // more energy / ATP produced. Lebih banyak glukosa dioksidakan // lebih banyak tenaga / ATP dihasilkan P4 : for efficient cellular respiration. bagi respirasi sel yang berkesan. 3. (b)(i) Able to name X and Y. Dapat menamakan X dan Y. (Any 2P) 2 X : Oxygen/Oksigen Y : Water/Air 2

5 SULIT J4 455/2 3. (b)(ii) Able to explain how the biochemical reaction can still occur if the blood sugar level is higher than the normal range. Dapat menerangkan bagaimana tindakan biokimia masih boleh berlaku jika aras glukosa dalam darah lebih tinggi daripada tahap normal. P : Pancreas secretes more insulin Pankreas merembeskan lebih banyak insulin P2 :.Excess glucose is converted into glycogen Glukosa berlebihan ditukarkan kepada glikogen P3 : (Glycogen) is stored in the liver (and skeletal muscles) (Glikogen) disimpan di dalam hati ( dan otot rangka) P4 : Excess glucose can be converted into fat Glukosa berlebihan boleh ditukarkan kepada lemak. P5 : (Fat) is stored in adipose tissues. (Lemak) disimpan dalam tisu adipose. P6 : Cellular respiration occurs at higher rate / rapidly. Respirasi sel berlaku pada kadar yang tinggi. P7 : More glucose oxidised into energy / ATP. Lebih banyak glukosa dioksidakan kepada tenaga / ATP P8 : (Energy / ATP) used to carry out (normal) body function / prosesses. (Tenaga / ATP) digunakan untuk menjalankan fungsi / proses dalam badan (yang normal) (Any 4P) 4 3. (b)(iii) Able to state two differences on the biochemical reaction occuring between muscle cell and yeast cell in the absence of X. Dapat menyatakan dua perbezaan tindak balas kimia yang berlaku ke atas sel otot dan sel yis tanpa kehadiran X. Muscle cell Sel otot Product is lactic acid Asid laktik dihasilkan Produces less /50 kj energy Menghasilkan kurang / 50kJ tenaga. Lactic acid causes muscle cramp / fatigue Asid laktik menyebabkan kejang otot / kelesuan. Known as oxygen debt. Dikenali sebagai hutang oksigen. Yeast cell Sel yis Products are ethanol and carbon dioxide Ethanol dan karbon dioksida dihasilkan Produces more / 20 kj energy Menghasilkan lebih / 20 kj tenaga Ethanol kills yeast (at certain concentration) Etanol membunuh yis (pada kepekatan tertentu) Known as fermentation of glucose. Dikenali sebagai fermentasi / penapaian (Any 3) 3 glukosa. TOTAL 2 4. (a) Able to explain one adaptation of structure P in transporting synthesized food in plants. Dapat menerangkan satu penyelesaian struktur P dalam mengangkut makanan yang disintesis dalam tumbuhan. P : Consists of sieve tubes Terdiri daripada tiub-tiub tapis P2 : Arranged by end to end joining Tersusun secara percantuman satu hujung ke satu hujung P3 : Has sieve plates in between sieve tubes // Has a thread-like structured cytoplasm Mempunyai plat tapis di antara tiub-tiub tapis // mempunyai sitoplasma berbentuk seperti bebenang P4 : to transport glucose / sucrose / product of photosynthesis( along the structure P). Untuk mengangkut glukosa / sukrosa / hasil fotosintesis (di sepanjang struktur P). (Any 2P) 2

6 SULIT J5 455/2 4. (b)(i) Able to name the process of transporting food in plants. Dapat menamakan proses pengangkutan makanan dalam tumbuhan. Translocation/Translokasi 4. (b)(ii) Able to explain the importance of process stated in 4 (b) (i). Dapat menerangkan kepentingan proses yang dinyatakan di 4 (b) (i). P : Glucose / sucrose can be transported Glukosa / sukrosa boleh diangkut P2 : to growing parts such as (shoot / root) apical meristems. ke bahagian yang sedang bertumbuh seperti meristem apeks (pucuk / akar) P3 : Glucose (transported) used in cell respiration / is oxidised to produce energy / ATP Glukosa (yang diangkut) digunakan dalam respirasi sel / dioksidakan untuk menghasilkan tenaga / ATP P4 : (Transported) to storage organs / tubers / bulbs / fruit / rhizomes (Diangkut) Ke organ simpanan / tuber / bebawang / buah / rizom P5 : to store starch. Untuk menyimpan kanji (Any 2P) 2 4. (b)(iii) Able to explain the adaptation of the companion cell in helping the process stated in (b)(i). Dapat menerangkan penyesuaian dalam sel rakan dalam membantu proses yang dinaytakan dalam (b)(i). P : Companion cell has mitochondria abundantly / more Sel rakan mempunyai lebih banyak mitokondria P2 : More ATP / energy produced Lebih banyak ATP / tenaga dihasilkan. P3 : Provides sieve tubes / phloem with ATP / energy Membekalkan tiub tapis / floes dengan ATP/ tenaga P4 : Translocation / transporting of organic substances occurs by active transport. Translokasi / pengangkutan bahan organik berlaku secara pengangkutan aktif. 4. (c) Able to explain how this condition affects the process of transporting organic substances in plant. Dapat menerangkan bagaimana keadaan ini mempengaruhi proses pengangkutan bahan organik dalam pokok tersebut. (Any 2P) 2 P : The process of transporting organic substances in plant cannot be / is less carried out. Proses pengangkutan bahan organik dalam pokok tersebut tidak / kurang berlaku. P2 : Toxic substances diffuses into companion cells / mitochondria Bahan toksin meresap ke dalam sel rakan / mitokondria P3 : No / less ATP / energy produced. Tiada / kurang ATP / tenaga dihasilkan. P4 : No / less ATP / energy supplied to sieve tubes / phloem. Tiada / kurang ATP / tenaga dibekalkan kepada tiub tapis / floem P5 : no / less active transport carried out (to transport organic substances) Tiada / kurang pengangkutan aktif dijalankan (untuk mengangkut bahan organik) (P + Any 2P) 3

7 SULIT J6 455/2 No Marking criteria Mark s Total 4. (d) Able to explain the difference in the structure of the stem with a bark ring removed as compared to normal stem after one month. Dapat menerangkan perbezaan struktur batang dengan gegelang kulit dibuang dibandingkan dengan batang normal selepas sebulan. P : There is swollen part in the above part of stem which a bark ring is removed whereas there is no swollen part in the normal stem. Bahagian di atas batang di mana satu gegelang kulit dibuang menjadi bengkak manakala tiada bahagian yang bengkak pada batang normal. P2 : (the swollen part) is caused by accumulation of glucose / sucrose (bahagian yang bengkak) disebabkan oleh pengumpulan glukosa / sukrosa. P3 : Phloem is removed together (with the bark ring) Floem dibuang bersama (gegelang kulit) P4 : Glucose / sucrose could not be transported downwards. Glukosa / sucrose tidak dapat diangkut ke bawah P5 : Normal stem increases in circumference due to growth in one month. Lilitan batang yang normal bertambah kerana ada pertumbuhan dalam masa sebulan. (P + any P) TOTAL (a) Able to state how is haemophilia inherited by the offspring based on Diagram 5.. Dapat menyatakan bagaimana hemofilia diwarisi oleh anak berdasarkan Rajah 5.. P : Haemophilia is caused by the presence of recessive allele Haemofilia disebabkan oleh alel resesif P2 : that is linked to the X-chromosome Yang terangkai dengan kromosom-x P3 : During fertilizatiion, Semasa persenyawaan P4 : the ovum with the recessive allele / X h fertilized by a sperm with Y chromosome. Ovum dengan alel resesif / X h disenyawakan oleh sperma yang membawa kromosom Y P5 : Produces a zygote / an offspring with the genotype X h Y Menghasilkan satu zigot / anak dengan genotip X h Y P6: Who is a boy suffered from haemophilia. Merupakan anak lelaki yang mengidap hemofilia. (Any 3P) 3 5. (b)(i) Able to complete the schematic diagram in Diagram 5. to show how haemophilia is inherited in this family. Dapat melengkapkan Rajah 5. bagi menunjukkan bagaimana hemofilia diwarisi dalam sesebuah keluarga. 3

8 SULIT J7 455/2 5. (b)(ii) Able to state percentage of the offspring are haemophiliacs. Dapat menyatakan peratus anak mempunyai penyakit hemofilia. 25 % 5. (c) Able to explain how this situation could have occurred. Dapat menerangkan bagaimana situasi ini boleh berlaku. P : None of the girls are carriers because they received one dominant allele (X H ) from their father and Tiada satu pun anak perempuan pembawa kerana mereka menerima alel dominan (X H ) dari ayah P2 : one dominant allele (X H ) from their mother satu alel dominan (X H ) dari ibu P3 : the girls genotype is X H X H Genotip anak-anak perempuan ialah X H X H P4 : None of the boys are haemophiliacs because they receive dominant allele (X H ) from their mother Tiada satu pun anak lelaki mewarisi hemofilia kerana mereka menerima alel dominan (X H ) dari ibu. P5 : the boys genotype is X H Y Genotip anak-anak lelaki ialah X H Y 5. (d) Able to state the best technique to be used and the genetic advantage of using this technique. Dapat menyatakan teknik yang terbaik boleh digunakan dan kebaikan secara genetik menggunakan teknik ini. Technique : Tissue culture Teknik Kultur tisu (P + P4 + Any P) 3 Advantage : Kebaikan P : Genetically identical to the parent plant Seiras secara genetik dengan induk P2 : Able to obtain good characteristics from the parent plant (that can be used commercially) Dapat memewarisi ciri-ciri baik daripada pokok induk (yang boleh digunakan secara komersial) P3 : Clones can be produced a lot in a shorter time Klon-klon boleh dihasilkan dengan banyak dalam masa yang singkat. (Any P) 2 TOTAL 2

9 SULIT J8 455/2 6(a)(i) Able to explain why the gland X is a ductless and known as the master gland correctly. Dapat menerangkan mengapa kelenjar X adalah kelenjar tanpa duktus yang bertindak sebagai kelenjar utama dengan betul. 6(a)(ii) P: X is pituitary gland X ialah kelenjar pituitari P2: It is ductless because it secretes hormones directly into the blood rather than through a duct. Kelenjar piluiiari adalah tanpa duktus kerana ia merembeskan hormon terus ke dalam darah lanpa melalui duktus. P3: blood as medium to transport hormones to the target organs darah sebagai medium untuk mengangkut hormon ke organ sasaran. P4: It is the master gland because it produces / secretes stimulating hormones. Kelenjar pituilari adalah kelenjar induk kerana ia menghasilkan / merembeskan hormon perangsang P5 : (stimulating hormones) control (the production and secretion of hormones by) other endocrine glands (hormon perangsang)mengawal (penghasilan dan perembesan hormon oleh) kelenjar endokrin yang lain. P6 : Example : Pituitary gland / X produces / secretes TSH to control thyroid gland / other suitable example Contoh: Kelenjar pituitari menghasilkan / merembeskan TSH untuk mengawal kelenjar tiroid / contoh lain yang sesuai. Able to explain the role of gland X in regulating the blood osmotic pressure when the intake of water is too little correctly. Dapat menerangkan peranan kelenjar X dalam mengawal tekanan osmosis darah apabila pengambilan air adalah terlalu sedikit dengan betul. (Any 4P) 4 P: P2 : P3: P4: P5: P6: P7: P8: P9: P0: When the intake of water is too little, the blood osmotic pressure increases, Apabila pengambilan air terlalu sedikit, tekanan osmotik darah meningkat (increase in blood osmotic pressure) becomes the stimulus. (peningkatan tekanan osmotik darah) menjadi rangsangan the osmoreceptors detect the stimulus / change in the blood osmotic pressure osmoreseptor mengesan rangsangan / perubahan tekanan osmotik darah Convert stimulus into impulse. Menukarkan rangsangan kepada impuls (Osmoreceptors) transmit impulses to the hypothalamus. (Osmoreseptor) menghantar impuls ke hipotalamus The hypothalamus triggers / stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete the more antidiuretic hormone (ADH) into the bloodstream. Hipotalamus merangsang kelenjar pituitari untuk merembeskan lebih banyak hormon antidiuresis (ADH) ke dalam aliran darah. More ADH causes the distal tubule and the collecting duct to become more permeable to water. Lebih banyak ADH menyebabkan tubul distal dan duktus pengumpul menjadi lebih telap terhadap air. Therefore, more water is reabsorbed into the blood by osmosis. Oleh itu, lebih banyak air diserap semula ke dalam darah secara osmosis. As a result, the urine excreted from the kidneys becomes more concentrated Akibatnya, urin yang dikumuhkan oleh ginjal menjadi lebih pekat the blood osmotic pressure returns to normal. tekanan osmotik darah kembali normal. (Any 6P) 6

10 SULIT J9 455/2 6(b) Able to explain why the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma of glomerulus, glomerular filtrate and urine are different correctly Dapat menerangkan mengapa kepekatan bahan terlarut dalam plasma darah dalam glomerulus, turasan glomerulus dan air kencing dengan betul. P: X- ultrafiltration, Y- reabsorption, Z- secretion X ultraturasan, Y -penyerapan semula Z- rembesan P2: The concentration of glucose/amino acid/urea/sodium ions in the blood plasma are same as glomerular filtrate. Kepekatan glukosa/asid amino/urea/ion natrium dalam plasma darah adalah sama dengan kepekatan dalam turasan glomerulus. P3: glucose/amino acid/urea/sodium ions/water diffuse into the Bowman's capsule (through ultrafiltration/x). glukosa/asid amino/urea/ion natrium/air meresap masuk ke dalam kapsul Bowman (melalui proses ultraturasan/x). P4: Forms glomerular filtrate. Membentuk turasan glomerulus. P5: (glomerular filtrate) contains glucose/amino acid/urea/sodium ions/water (turasan glomerulus) mengandungi glukosa/asid amino/urea/ion natrium/air. P6: 00%/ all glucose and amino acid are reabsorbed. 00% glukosa dan asid amino diserap semula P7: from the proximal convoluted tubule into the blood capillaries dari tubul berlingkar proksimal ke dalam salur kapilari darah P8: by facilitated diffusion/active transport secara resapan berbantu/pengangkutan aktif P9: No glucose/amino acid in urine. Tiada glukosa/asid amino dalam urin. P0: Less of sodium ions in the urine than in the blood plasma/glomerular filtrate. Ion natrium kurang di dalam urin berbanding plasma darah/turasan glomerulus. P: (Some) sodium ions are reabsorbed (Sebahagian) ion natrium diserap semula P2: From Loop of Henle into the blood capillaries Dari Liku Henle ke dalam kapilari darah P3 : by active transport secara pengangkutan aktif P4: No protein in the glomerular filtrate and urine Tiada protein dalam turasan glomerulus dan urin. P5: This is because protein is a large molecule//unable to pass through the wall of blood capillaries/bowman's capsule. Ini kerana protein adalah molekul yang besar// tidak dapat melepasi dinding kapilari darah/kapsul Bowman P6: Very high contents of urea in the urine. Banyak urea dalam urin. P7 : P8 : P9 : Urea is secreted urea dirembeskan From blood capillaries into the distal convoluted tubules Dari kapilari darah ke dalam tubul berlingkar distal By simple diffusion. Secara resapan ringkas. ++ (Any 0P) 0

11 SULIT J0 455/2 7(a) Able to describe the process spermatogenesis correctly. Dapat menghuraikan proses yang spermatogenesis dengan betul. P: The process is spermatogenesis Proses itu adalah spermatogenesis P2: the diploid spermatogonium undergoes mitosis spermatogonium diploid mengalami mitosis P3: to form two diploid primary spermatocytes untuk membentuk dua spermatosit primer diploid. P4: Each primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis Setiap spermatosit primer menjalani meiosis I P5: to produce two haploid secondary spermatocytes. untuk menghasilkan dua spermatosit sekunder haploid.. P6: (Each) secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis II (Setiap) spermatosit sekunder menjalani meiosis II P7: to produce two haploid spermatids. untuk menghasilkan dua spermatid haploid.. P8: Four spermatids undergo differentiation / growth Empat spermatid menjalani pembezaan / pertumbuhan P9: to produce four haploid sperms. untuk menghasilkan empat sperma haploid. (Any 5P) 5 7(b) Able to explain how the HCG injections enable the process of pregnancy correctly Dapat menerangkan bagaimana suntikan HCG membolehkan proses kehamilan dengan betul. P: HCG stimulates ovulation. HCG merangsang ovulasi P2: when HCG reaches its maximum level (in blood). apabila HCG mencaras aras maximum (dalam darah) P3: An ovum is released from an ovary into a Fallopian tube. Ovum dibebaskan dari ovari ke tiub Fallopio P4: The ovum is fertilised by a sperm // Fertilization occurs Ovum disenyawakan oleh sperma // Persenyawaan berlaku P5: to form a zygote. untuk membentuk zigot. P6: The Graafian follicle changes to corpus luteum Folikel Graaf berubah menjadi korpus Iuteum P7: (corpus luteum) secretes progesterone (korpus Iuteum) merembeskan progesteron P8: Progesterone maintains the thickness of the endometrium / uterine wall lining tissue Progesieron mengekalkan keiebalan endometrium / tisu pelapik dinding uterus P9: which allows implantation to occur yang membolehkan penempelan berlaku.. (Any 5P) 5

12 SULIT J 455/2 7(c) Able to explain how double fertilization occurs in the plant correctly. Dapat menerangkan bagaimana persenyawaan ganda dua berlaku dalam tumbuhan dengan betul. P: Anther produces pollen grains/male gametes. Anter menghasilkan butir-butir debunga / garnet jantan. P2: Each pollen mother cell (in the anther) undergoes meiosis to produce four microspores (n) / haploid cells / tetrad. Setiap sel induk debunga (dalam anter) menjalani meiosis untuk menghasilkan (empat) mikrospora (n) / sel haploid / tetrad. P3: Microspores (n) / haploid cells tetrad develop into pollen grains. Mikrospora (n) / sel haploid / tetrad berkenbang mmipdii butir-butir debunga. P4: The nucleus of each microspore (n) / haploid cell / divides by mitosis Nukleus setiap mikrospora (n) / sel haploid / membahagi secara mitosis P5: to form one tube nucleus and one generative nucleus untuk membentuk satu nukleus tiub dan satu nukleus generatif. P6: pollen grains fall on / transferred to the stigma // Pollination occurs, Apabila butir debunga jatuh pada / dipindahkan ke stigma // Pendebungaan berlaku P7: (pollen grains) stimulate the secretion of sucrose / sugar solution on the stigma. (butir debunga) merangsang perembesan larutan sukrosa / gula pada stigma. P8: This stimulates the pollen grain to germinate and form a pollen tube Ini merangsang butir debunga untuk bercambah dan membentuk tiub debunga. P9: The pollen tube grows down the style towards the micropyle / ovule. Tiub debunga tumbuh ke baivah melalui stil ke arah mikropil / ovul. P0: (During the growth of the pollen tube,) the generative nucleus divides by mitosis (once). (Semasa pertumbuhan tiub debunga,) nukleus generatif membahagi secara mitosis (sekali). P: To produce two male nuclei. Untuk menghasilkan dua nukleus jantan. P2: When the pollen tube reaches the ovary, it enters the ovule through the micropyle Apabila tiub debunga tiba di ovari, ia maouk ke dalam ovul menerusi mikropil. P3: (The tube nucleus disintegrates and) the two male nuclei enter the embryo sac. (Nukleus tiub terurai dan) dua nukleus jantan masuk ke dalam pundi embrio. P4: During double fertilisation, one male nucleus fuses with the egg cell / ovum to form a diploid zygote Semasa persenyawaan ganda dua, satu nukleus jantan bergabung dengan sel telur / ovum untuk membentuk zigot diploid P5: the other male nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to form a triploid nucleus nukleus jantan yang satu lagi bergabung dengan dua nukleus kutub untuk membentuk nukleus triploid. P6: zygote develops into embryo consists of (one / two) cotyledon, a radicle and plumule. Zigot berkembang menjadi embrio terdiri daripada (satu / dua) kotiledon, radikel dan plumul. P7: triploid nucleus develops into an endosperm tissue. nukleus triploid berkembang menjadi tisu endosperma. (Any 0P) 0

13 SULIT J2 455/2 8(a) Able to describe the formation and the effects of the acid rain on agriculture and the aquatic ecosystem correctly. Dapat menghuraikan pembentukan dan kesan hujan asid terhadap pertanian dan ekosistem akuatik dengan betul. F: The phenomenon is acid rain. Fenomena adalah hujan asid. P: Combustion of fossil fuels in factories / vehicles Pembakaran bahan api di kilang-kilang / kenderaan P2: Produce sulphur dioxide and oxide of nitrogen / nitrogen dioxide / acidic gas Menghasilkan sulfur dioksida dan oksida nitrogen / nitrogen dioksida / gas berasid. P3: (These gases) dissolve in the water vapour. (Gas-gas) larut dalam wap air. P4: Form sulphuric acid /nitric acid. Membentuk asid sulfurik / asid nitrik. P5: Rain falls to the earth with ph less than 6.0 / is acidic Hujan jatuh ke bumi dengan nilai ph kurang dari 6.0 / adalah berasid P6: Soil become acidic Tanah menjadi berasid P7: Soil is infertile. Tanah menjadi tidak subur. P8: Not suitable for cultivation/grows of crops / Tidak sesuai untuk penanaman/pertumbuhan pokok P9:: Reduce fruits productions / yields Kurang buah / hasil pertanian P0: Disrupts / destroys food chain / food wed Mengganggu / memusnahkan rantai / jaringan makanan P: Reduce ph of water // water becomes acidic P2: ph air berkurangan // Air menjadi berasid water pollution occur pencemaran air berlaku P3: Kills / destroys aquatic organisms P4: Membunuh / memusnahkan hidupna akuatik Leads to extinction. Membawa kepada kepupusan. (Any 0P) 0

14 SULIT J3 455/2 8(b) Able to discuss why ecosystem has to be maintained correctly. Dapat membincangkan kenapa ekosistem ini perlu dikekalkan dengn betul. P: It is a balanced ecosystem Merupakan ekosistem yang seimbang P2: involves the interaction between the biotic and abiotic factors yang melibatkan interaksi antara faktor biotik dengan faktor abiotik P3: Ensures conservation of biodiversity / preservation of flora/ fauna / organism. Memastikan pemeliharaan biokepelbagaian/ mengekalkan flora/ fauna / organisma P4: Preventing the extinction of flora and fauna. Mengelakkan kepupusan flora dan fauna P5: Maintaining major sources of human food such as ulam / meat /honey Mengekalkan sumber makanan manusia yang utama seperti ulam / daging / madu P6: sources of traditional medicinal herbs sumber herba perubatan tradisional P7: Sustains the food web / chain in the ecosystem Mengekalkan jaringan / rantaimakanan dalam ekosistem P8: Preventing disruption of the natural cycles of water/carbon Mengelaklain pemusnahan kitar air/karbon semula jadi P9: Provides natural water catchment areas. Menyediakan kawasan tadahan air semula jadi. P0: Supplies water for animals / humans Membekalkan air untuk haiwan / manusia P: Preserves natural resources for recreational activities / eco-tourism Memelihara tempat semulajadi unluk aktiviti rekreasi /pelancongan P2: Reduces stress // promotes a healthy lifestyle. Mengurangkan tekanan //menggalakkan gaya hidup yang sihat P3: For education / research and development purposes. Untuk tujuan pendidikan / kajian P4: Roots help to hold the ground / soil Akar membantu memegang tanah P5: also prevent soil erosion /flash floods / landslides mengelakkan hakisan tanah / banjir kilat / tanah runtuh. (Any 0P) 0

15 SULIT J4 455/2 9(a) Able to explain the processes on fat occur in the alimentary canal until it can be used by body cells correctly. Dapat menerangkan proses proses yang berlaku terhadap lemak dalam salur pencernaan sehingga ia boleh digunakan oleh sel-sel badan dengan betul. P P5 if students state cheese contains fat / lipid P P5 jika murid menyatakan keju mengandungi lemak P: Food shown is cheese which has *fat Makanan yang ditunjukkan ialah keju yang merupakan lemak. P2 Cheese provide twice energy. Keju bekalkan dua kali ganda tenaga. P3: Digestion of fats occurs in the duodenum Pencernaan lemak berlaku di dahim duodenum P4: Bile produced by the liver Hempedu yang dihasilkan oleh hati P5: helps to emulsify fats into fat droplets. membantu mengemulsi lemak kepada titisan lemak P6: The pancreas secretes / pancreatic juice contains lipase Pankreas merembeskan / Jus pankreas mengandungi lipase P7: The small intestine secretes / intestinal juice contains lipase Usus kecil merembeskan / Jus usus mengandungi lipase P8: which hydrolyses lipids into fatty acids and glycerol yang menghidrolisiskan lipid kepada asid lemak dan gliserol P9: Absorption of fatty acids and glycerol take place in the ileum / small intestine Penyerapan asid lemak dan gliserol berlaku di dalam ileum / usus kecil P0: (fatty acids and glycerol) diffuses into the lacteals (across the villi) (asid lemak dan gliserol) meresap ke dalam lakleal (merentasi vilus). P: By simple diffusion Secara resapan ringkas P2: In the lacteals, condensation of fatty acids and glycerol forms lipids. Di dalam lakteal, kondensasi asid lemak dan gliserol membentuk lipid. P3: The lipids then is transported via the lymphatic system into the bloodstream. Lipid kemudiannya diangkut melalui sistem limfa ke dalam peredaran darah. P4: Assimilation takes place in the cells. Asimilasi berlaku di dalam sel.. P5: Cells use lipid to form complex compounds / sex hormones / plasma membrane Sel-sel mengguna- kan lipid untuk membentuk sebatian kompleks / hormone seks / membrane plasma OR / ATAU ** P6 P32 if students state cheese contains protein P6 P32 jika murid menyatakan keju mengandungi protein

16 SULIT J5 455/2 9(a) P6: Food shown is cheese which has **protein Makanan yang ditunjukkan ialah keju yang merupakan. P7: Cheese / protein needed for growth / replacing damaged tissue / producing new cells Keju / protein diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan / menggantikan tisu rosak / menghasilkan sel-sel baru P8: Digestion of protein occurs in the stomach Pencernaan lemak berlaku di dahim duodenum P9: The stomach / gastric gland secretes / gastric juice contains pepsin P P20: which hydrolyses protein into polypeptides yang menghidrolisiskan protein kepada polipeptida P2: In acidic / ph 2 medium Dalam medium berasid / ph 2 P22: The pancreas secretes / pancreatic juice contains tripsin Pankreas merembeskan / Jus pankreas mengandungi tripsin P23: which hydrolyses polypeptides into dipeptides yang menghidrolisiskan polipeptida kepada dipeptida P24: In alkaline / ph 8 medium Dalam medium beralkali / ph 8 P25: The small intestine secretes / intestinal juice contains erepsin / peptidase Usus kecil merembeskan / Jus usus mengandungi erepsin / peptidase P26: which hydrolyses dipeptides into amino acids yang menghidrolisiskan dipeptide kepada asid amino. P27: Absorption of amino acids take place in the ileum / small intestine Penyerapan asid amino berlaku di dalam ileum / usus kecil P28: (amino acids) diffuses into the blood capillaries (across the villi) (asid amino) meresap ke dalam kapilari darah (merentasi vilus). P29: By facilitated diffusion Secara resapan berbantu. P30: Amino acids is transported to all body parts via blood circulation. Asid amino diangkut ke seluruh badan melalui peredaran darah P3: Assimilation takes place in the cells. Asimilasi berlaku di dalam sel.. P32: Cells use amino acids to form complex compounds / hormones / enzymes / antibodies Sel-sel menggunakan id untuk membentuk sebatian kompleks/hormon/enzim/ antibodi (Any 0P) 0

17 SULIT J6 455/2 9(b) Able to discuss how the microorganisms can help improve the economy correctly. Dapat membincangkan bagaimana mikroorganisma dapat membantu meningkatkan ekonomi dengan betul. F: P: P2: P3: P4: P5: P6 P7 P8 P9: P0 P: P2: P3: P4 P5 Microorganisms are decomposers in the ecosystem. Mikroorganisma adalah pengurai di dalam ekosistem. Decomposers return organic and inorganic substances to the ground. Pengurai mengembalikan nutnen dan bahan bukan organic kepada tanah. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (such as Rhizobium sp. and Azotobacter sp.) in the nitrogen cycle Bacteria pengikat nitrogen (seperti Rhizobium sp. dan Azotobacter sp.) dalam kitar nitrogen converts atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate in the soil menukarkan nitrogen atmosfera kepada nitrat di dalam tanah Bacteria / Decomposer / Fungi help to produce compost Bakteria / Pengurai / Kulat menghasilkan baja kompos soil become fertile tanah menjadi subur Nitrate is absorbed by plants Nitrat diserap oieh tumbuhan. to synthesize plants protein untuk mensintesis protein tumbuhan Increase growth rate of the plants Meningkatkan kadar pertumbuhan pokok Crop production / yeilds increase Hasil pertanian meningkat (In the food chain,) plants eaten by animals / livestocks. (Dalam rantai makanan). tumbuhan dimakan oleh haiwan / ternakan, so the plant protein is converted to animal protein. jadi protein tumbuhan ditukarkan kepada protein haiwan. Livestocks are a source of income for the people (and improve the economy) through the import and export of meat products and others. Haiwan-haiwan ternakan menjadi sumber pendapatan bagi rakyat dan meningkatkan ekonomi negara melalui import dan eksport produk daging dan Iain- Iain. Decomposers bacteria are used in sewage treatment to covert the sewage into fertiliser / fuel gas. Bakteria pengurai digunakan dalam rawatan kumbahan untuk menukarkan kumbahan tersebut kepada baja / gas bahan api. (Microorganisms are commonly used in food industry such as) yeast in breadmaking / dough - making industry. (Mikroorganisma biasanya digunakan dalam industri makanan seperti) yis digunakan dalam industri pembuatan roti / pembuatan doh. Bacteria used in dairy industry / production of cheese / yoghurt / cultured drinks. Bakteria digunakan dalam industri tenusu / penghasilan keju / yoghurt / minuman kultur (Any 0P) 0 PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN TAMAT

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