Bellwork. Where does the energy come from that allows organisms to live?

Transcription

1 Bellwork Where does the energy come from that allows organisms to live?

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3 Spontaneous Reac2on

4 Metabolism Catabolism Breakdown of macromolecules (release energy/available) Anabolism Synthesis of macromolecules (requires energy)

5 How does this happen? Dehydra2on Synthesis Anabolism Hydrolysis Catbolism Monomers Monomers are small molecules which may be joined together in a repeating fashion to form more complex molecules called polymers.

6 Why start small? Why start with chemistry?

7 Build em up!

8 Micro to Macro

9 Hurricane Sandy

10 Heat is Lost at Every Step Heat Heat Heat Entropy is always increasing. Heat Heat Heat Entropy Heat

11 Where does energy come from? The amount of energy at each trophic level decreases as it moves through an ecosystem. As little as 10 percent of the energy at any trophic level is transferred to the next level; the rest is lost largely through metabolic processes as heat. If a grassland ecosystem has 10,000 kilocalories (kcal) of energy concentrated in vegetation, only about 1,000 kcal will be transferred to primary consumers, and very little (only 10 kcal) will make it to the tertiary level. Energy pyramids such as this help to explain the trophic structure of an ecosystem: the number of consumer trophic levels that can be supported is dependent on the size and energy richness of the producer level.

12 Planet

13 Molecules of Life Organic compounds - basis of all earthly life (CHONPS) - mostly hydrocarbons Common Structures: 1) Straight carbon chain 2) Branched carbon chain 3) Carbon ring Bond number (nomenclature): Single bond Double bond Triple bond

14 Functional Groups responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules

15 Monomer vs. Polymer

16 Func2on of Biomolecules Carbohydrates energy, structure Lipids energy, structure, hormones Nucleic Acids genetic information (blue print, directs cell activity) Proteins any cell function besides energy (messenger, support, defense, transport, etc.)

17 Carbohydrates a.k.a. Saccharide Monomer Polymer Monosaccharide - Polysaccharide a.k.a. Sugars

18 Lipids a.k.a Fats Monomer Polymer Fatty acid Diglyceride, triglyceride *

19 Nucleic Acids DNA/RNA ATP* Monomer Nucleotide Polymer Nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)

20 Proteins Amino acids Enzymes Monomer Amino acid Polymer Polypeptide (protein)

21 Where do biomolecules come from?

22 Revisit Bellwork Where do animals get their energy? Where do plants get their energy?

23 Carbohydrates

24 Lipids

25 Nucleic Acids

26 Proteins

27 Food for Thought Food = A source of energy and nutrients Energy The driving force behind chemical reactions. carbohydrates and lipids Nutrients - The building blocks for biological processes. amino acids, vitamins, minerals, DNA/RNA

28 Celebrity Food Game

29 Food Pyramid (Old vs. New)

30 What do you think about school lunches?

31 Healthy, Hunger- Free Kids Act of 2010 USDA to update the NSLP s meal pattern and nutrition standards based on the latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The new meal pattern goes into effect at the beginning of SY , and increases the availability of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in the school menu. New dietary specifications set specific calorie limits to ensure age- appropriate meals for grades K- 5, 6-8, and Other meal enhancements include gradual reductions in the sodium content of the meals (sodium targets must be reached by SY , SY and SY ). The National School Lunch Program cost $11.1 billion in FY 2011.

32 What s the problem?

33 Calorie Limit Calorie - The physical unit "calorie" is the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius, and the dietary Calorie is a kilocalorie = 1000 calories. Unit of Measurement of Energy Calorie Limit of the Healthy, Hunger- Free Kids Act K- 5 students to 650 calories (1,200-1,400) 6-8 grade students get 700 calories (1,600-1,800) high school student s meals can be up to 850 calories (2,000-2,200)

34 Health in Low- Income Areas The lack of local access to healthy foods makes it difficult for families who remain in low- income urban communities to maintain a well- balanced, nutritious diet. Many studies have documented the disparity in the number of supermarkets in poor communities of color, compared to wealthier, whiter communities. A study of several states found that wealthy neighborhoods had over three times as many supermarkets as low- income neighborhoods. A diet poor in fruits and vegetables increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, cancer and other illnesses that disproportionately affect people of color.

35 It s up to you!! What is your solution to the problem?

36 Op2ons Large Scale Fresh Food Financing Initiative (or FFFI) Petition Small Scale Community- supported agriculture( Community gardens( Farmers markets (

37 Homework for the weekend...