DIAGNOTICS QUESTION CLUSTERS: Defining and assessing understanding

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Christian Golden
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1 DIAGNOTICS QUESTION CLUSTERS: Defining and assessing understanding Introduction to the Project NSF funded Personnel scientists, science educators Biology and geology cycles o Photosynthesis o Respiration o Geologic carbon cycle o Rock cycle o Water cycle Products o Clusters/groups of questions that assess students understanding of a particular cycle or concept for use by instructors in improving teaching o Process for developing question clusters Defining Understanding DEFINE = describe the cycle/model using the ideas that explain the most IDENTIFY PROTOTYPES o Identify exemplars o Use standard representations APPLY = use the model to make sense of different examples Define Respiration Using Project Definition Brainstorm components Narrow to most powerful ideas Identify standard representations Identify examples Look at project definition See photosynresp_model.doc

2 Sample Questions See repq.doc Designing Diagnostic Question Clusters Iterative process o Choose type of understanding o Ask open-ended/essay question o Use student responses to develop multiple choice questions o Validate with interviews

3 DEFINE QUESTIONS Sample Question #1: The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is A) oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. B) the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers. C) the final transfer of electrons to oxygen. D) the difference in H+ concentrations on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. E) the thermodynamically favorable transfer of phosphate from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle intermediate molecules of ADP. Sample Question #2: Carbon dioxide is released during which stage(s)? Stage I: glycolysis Stage II: oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA Stage III: Krebs cycle Stage IV: oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) A) Stage III only B) Stages II and III C) Stages III and IV D) Stages I, II, and III E) Stages II, III, and IV Sample Question #3: The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in A) glycolysis. B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain. C) the citric acid cycle. D) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. E) the phosphorylation of ADP.

4 PROTOTYPES QUESTIONS The diagram shows the interrelationship of energy transformation and matter transformation in cellular metabolic processes. Use is as a reference to answer the following question: Light Energy Light reactions of photosynthesis 4 Energy management molecules 1 Water; Carbon dioxide Organic carbon Compounds; oxygen matter 3 Cellular respiration Energy management molecules 2 energy ATP Cell work and heat Sample Question #1: A potted geranium sits in a windowsill absorbing sunlight. How do the root cells obtain energy to maintain themselves?

5 APPLICATION QUESTIONS Sample Question #1: A mature maple tree can have a mass of 1 ton or more (dry biomass, after removing the water), yet it starts from a seed that weighs less than 1 gram. Which of the following processes contributes the most to this huge increase in biomass? A) absorption of mineral substances from the soil via the roots B) absorption of organic substances from the soil via the roots C) incorporation of CO2 gas from the atmosphere into molecules by green leaves D) incorporation of H2O from the soil into molecules by green leaves E) absorption of solar radiation into the leaf Sample Question #2: You have a friend who lost 15 pounds of fat on a diet. Where did the mass go? A) The mass was released as CO2 and H2O. B) The mass was converted to energy which was used up. C) The mass was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat. D) The mass was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body. E) The mass was converted to urine and feces and eliminated from the body. Sample Question #4: A research group has discovered an organism with cells that contain a previously undescribed organelle. They isolate a large quantity of these organelles by homogenization and differential fractionation by centrifugation. Next, they do some tests on the isolated organelle to see if it is involved in any major metabolic reactions. They incubate the organelles for a brief period of time and determine changes in the amount of various substances in the suspending solution. (Note: you can assume that various starting substrate materials for the pathways are provided in sufficient quantity by the researchers.) The results are: Glucose CO2 O2 ATP NADH No change No change Decrease Increase Decrease Based on this analysis, which metabolic process do you conclude is taking place in this organelle? A) Pyruvate Oxidation B) Krebs Cycle C) Glycolysis D) Electron Transport Chain/Oxidative Phosphorylation E) Both Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Respiration Practice Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following statements describes NAD+? A) NAD+ can donate