Dissection on Demand: Fetal Pig

Transcription

1 TEACHER GUIDE DISSECTION ON DEMAND: FETAL PIG 60 Minute Health and Life Science Lesson Science-to-Go! Program Grades: 6-12 Dissection on Demand: Fetal Pig Description Students will perform a dissection of a fetal pig, comparing its gross anatomy with that of a human. Your museum educator will quiz students on organ structure and function throughout the dissection, and identify interesting traits and features students may notice on their own bodies. Real human specimens will be displayed for comparison with animal samples, and students will discuss habits that may lead to health concerns of specific organs. Objectives Review anatomy and physiology of a mammal, covering parts of the cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, digestive, hematological, musculoskeletal and renal systems. Discuss tie-ins to human health and diseases at each major organ. Students will examine anatomical landmarks on their own body. Ohio s Learning Standards Grade 6: Life Science- Cellular to Multicellular Cells are the fundamental unit of life. Cells carry on specific functions that sustain life. Living systems at all levels of organization demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function. Grade 8: Life Science Species and Reproduction The characteristics of an organism are a result of inherited traits received from parent(s). High School: Biology: Cells Cellular processes (characteristics of life regulated by cellular processes). National Health Education Standards Grade 6, 8-12: Standard 1 Students will comprehend concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention to enhance health.

2 How to Set Up Your Room Please have students clear their desks before the program begins. Please provide an empty desk or small table for the museum educator to set up display items. Use the vocabulary and additional resources provided in this Teacher Guide to preview or review program content with your class. If booking multiple programs, transitions will be easier if museum staff sets up in only one location. The Museum will provide all materials for dissection. Vocabulary alveoli tiny, thin-walled sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. anatomy The structure of an organism or the science of the structure of animals or plants. aorta the largest artery of the body, sending blood from the heart to the rest of the body appendix - A narrow vestigial process projecting from the cecum in the lower right-hand part of the abdomen of some mammals, including humans. atrium (atria) the superior chambers of the heart, receiving blood from veins and sending the blood down to the ventricles artery a muscular blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart cardiovascular (circulatory) system the system of the body composed of the heart and blood vessels, meant to deliver vital components to and from all the cells of the body cecum - The large blind pouch forming the beginning of the large intestine. cell the smallest unit of life in all living organisms colon - The section of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum. diaphragm a muscle between the chest and abdomen that moves up and down to push air in and out of the lungs. esophagus - The muscular membranous tube for the passage of food from the pharynx to the stomach. heart attack damage to the heart due to low oxygenation, usually from poor blood flow from a diseased coronary artery hepatic Of, or relating to, the liver. physiology the science dealing with the functions and processes of living organisms. pulmonary Of, relating to, or affecting the lungs.

3 rectum - The terminal portion of the large intestine, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal. renal Of, relating to, or in the region of the kidneys. spleen A large, highly vascular lymphoid organ, lying in the human body to the left of the stomach below the diaphragm, serving to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from the blood, and produce lymphocytes. thymus - A small glandular organ that is situated behind the top of the breastbone, consisting mainly of lymphatic tissue and serving as the site of T cell differentiation. The thymus increases gradually in size and activity until puberty, becoming vestigial thereafter. thyroid - A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones tissue the substance of a living organism that is made of cells. A doctor might take a tissue sample of an organ that they suspect is diseased in order to look at its cells under a microscope. trachea A thin-walled, cartilaginous tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs. Extension Activities Comparative anatomy have students choose another non-mammal animal and look up some images of its internal anatomy. Ask them to prepare a report on what organs are similar or different in location or function compared to mammals. Preserved vs. Fresh Organ Dissection in the past, the Museum has purchased fresh sheep and cow hearts, brains, eyes, and other organs from local butchers for our students to have on hand while dissecting preserved organs. Suture Practice On YouTube, the key words surgical knots will bring up lots of good tutorials on how to tie one and two-handed knots while suturing. Students can use thread or yarn to practice, then try suturing on either their pig after dissection, or on a thickskinned fruit. Companies like Carolina Biological that sell preserved animals for dissection also sell suture needles & thread.

4 Online Resources for Teachers and Students Click the link below to find additional online resources for teachers and students. These websites are recommended by our Museum Educators and provide additional content information and some fun, interactive activities to share with your class. CMNH Educators regularly review these links for quality. Web addresses often change so please notify us if any links have issues. Cleveland Museum of Natural History Educator Resource Center (ERC) The Educator Resource Center offers educator workshops, thematic teaching kits, animal dioramas, and more for loan to area teachers. Contact the ERC at for information on individual or school membership. Visit the Museum s ERC website for more information on workshops Materials for Loan If you re interested in additional resources be sure to check out the following ERC materials or browse ERC materials online at Related ERC kits to this topic include: The Body s Many Systems: Props within this health kit reveal elementary concepts in the study of the human body, including skeletal/muscular, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and nervous system. Hours o Tuesday through Friday, 2 to 5 PM o Wednesday, 2 to 6 PM o Saturday, 9 AM to 1 PM o Closed Sunday and Monday

5