4. Summarize the biological importance of the information displayed in the graph below

Transcription

1 GOT LACTASE: DATA ANALYSIS, POST LAB? s: 1. Describe the relationship between enzyme, substrate and product. It may be helpful to do this by creating an illustration of the general equation. 2. What class or category of organic compounds would an enzyme be placed? 3. What conformation would an enzyme exhibit? 4. Summarize the biological importance of the information displayed in the graph below 5. What do enzymes have to do with biological energy budgeting? 6. What happens (use appropriate term(s)) to an enzyme if homeostasis is not maintained in the cell? 7. When enzymatic reactions did occurred in lab, were they anabolic or catabolic?

2 8. Enzymes are special proteins that have a highly specific relationship with the substrates they react with. Therefore if you saw this enzyme below, sketch what the substrate would look like. 9. Using the idea illustrated above, explain why Lactaid does not work with sucrose. 10. If a person is lactose tolerant, what 2 specific products are lactose converted into? 11. ph typically denatures an enzyme, so a strong acid (like in lab) should achieve this. But, it didn t. (Or it should not have) What explains this? (Why is the ph range of lactaid so low? What accounts for this? THINK!!!) 12. Some people have a hard time digesting large carbohydrate chains found in many vegetables and so take BEANO, an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates, to assist their digestion. Do you think BEANO would break down lactose? Why or why not? (Be specific) 13. Label all the lettered components in a readable, organized manner. 14. Would the above reaction illustration require energy input or producing energy output? 15. In the above reaction illustration, what effect would increasing the product have on the rate of the reaction?

3 16. In a typical E, ES, P reaction, what effect on rate of reaction does adding more substrate have? 17. What is the term that means that some homeostatic set point of an organisms is defied and enzymes are destroyed? 18. What is the only 2 biological ways to regulate the rate of a reaction in situ? 19. What can you conclude about a bacterium that is named (taxonomically) Lacto bacillus? 20. Where does the enzyme come from to manufacture Lactaid? 21. Lactaid milk does not cause digestion issues. What must it contain in order to achieve this? 22. What sugars are NOT in the above milk? 23. What sugars ARE found in the above milk? 24. This type of milk has a longer shelf life and so does not spoil as quickly as standard milk. Explain the most likely reason for this. (HINT: Think about what causes food spoilage) 25. True or false, adding more Lactaid will (2 caplets instead of 1) will help if you are eating a large amount of dairy at one time. Explain your answer.

4 26. Name the substrate from this lab: 27. Name the enzyme (NOT supplement) from this lab: 28. Name the product(s) of this lab: 29. Draw a basic graph to illustrate homeostasis for the optimal temperature range of an enzyme found in human beings. 30. Energy coupling (Write this down in your notes!) is using the energy from an exergonic reaction to run an endergonic one. Does this increase or decrease biological efficiency? M/C- Choose the best possible answer and CLEARLY indicate your choice! 1. Endergonic reactions: o A. Are always coupling reactions. o B. Have a negative DG and occur spontaneously. o C. Can only occur if there is an input of energy. o D. Have products with less free energy than the reactants. o E. All of the above are correct. 2. Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is o A. Used to drive another exergonic reaction. o B. Used to drive an endergonic reaction. o C. Lost as non-usable heat to the environment. o D. Used to decrease the entropy of the universe. o E. All of the above are correct. 3. Which of the following is characteristic of enzymes? o A. They lower the energy of activation of a reaction by binding the substrate. o B. They raise the energy of activation of a reaction by binding the substrate. o C. They lower the amount of energy present in the substrate. o D. They raise the amount of energy present in the substrate. 4. An enzyme is generally named by adding to the end of the name of the. o A. "-ose," cell in which it is found o B. "-ase," cell in which it is found o C. "-ose," substrate o D. "-ase," substrate o E. "-ase," coenzyme

5 5. Which statement describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together? o A. As the product is released, the enzyme breaks down. o B. The enzyme is like a key that fits into the substrate, which is like a lock. o C. The active site is permanently changed by its interaction with the substrate. o D. As the substrate binds to the enzyme, the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction.