APUSH Quick Reference Survival Guide

Transcription

1 APUSH Quick Reference Survival Guide TEST COMPONENTS Sectin Questin Type Number f Questins Timing Percentage f Ttal Exam Scre I Part A: Multiple-chice questins 55 questins 55 minutes 40% Part B: Shrt-answer questins 4 questins 50 minutes (3 parts t answer 20% per set) II Part A: Dcument-based questin 1 questin 55 minutes 25% Part B: Lng essay questin 1 questin 35 minutes (chsen frm a pair) 15% THE BREAKDOWN Perid Date Range Percentage f AP Exam % % % present 5% Pace yurself: keep track f yur time. When writing, set aside the initial time t plan and prepare. It will result in mre efficient and rganized writing. On the essays yur time will be clumped tgether. Yu will get warnings when yu re nearing the end f the DBQ, but yu wn t be frced t mve n. Stick t the assigned amunt f time, if yu have time left ver in the end, revisit the essays. On the multiple-chice: if yu re stuck n a questin, make nte f it, mve n, and then return t it at the end. Best case: yu have mre time at the end t think abut it and make a lgical chice. Wrst case: yu re ut f time and yu still have t guess as yu wuld have dne initially.

2 Shrt-Answer Questin (SAQ) 0-3 pints per set f questins yu either get each respnse right r wrng t earn the pint Space ut and label respnses yu shuld be lking t answer 3 things in each set f questins Use cmplete sentences d nt bullet-pint Respnses shuld be 2-3 sentences in length Stay within the writing bx anything utside the bx will nt be scred State the facts dn t just tell me the new amendments changed the lives f African Americans. Tell me the 14 th Amendment granted African Americans equal prtectin under the law as citizens. Can t remember which amendment number it was? Or what year? Then give me as much f the details that yu d knw what it was abut, time-frame it was in, etc. Dcument-Based Questin (DBQ) 7 pint ttal: Thesis (2 pts), Dcument Analysis (2 pts), Using Evidence Beynd the Dcuments (2 pts), Synthesis (1 pt) Thesis: (1 pt) presents a thesis that makes a histrically defensible claim and respnds t all parts f the questin (1 pt) develps and supprts a chesive argument that recgnizes and accunts fr histrical cmplexity by explicitly illustrating relatinships amng histrical evidence such as cntradictin, crrbratin, and/r qualificatin Dcument Analysis: (1 pt) utilizes the cntent f at least 6 f the dcuments t supprt the stated thesis r a relevant argument (1 pt) explains the significance f the histrical cntext, intended audience, purpse, r pint f view f the authr fr at least 4 dcuments Using Evidence Beynd the Dcuments: (1 pt) Cntextualizatin: situates the argument by explaining the brader histrical events, develpments, r prcesses immediately relevant t the questin (1 pt) Outside infrmatin: example r additinal piece f specific evidence, beynd thse fund in the dcuments, that supprt r qualify the argument Synthesis: (1 pt) extends the argument by explaining the cnnectins between the argument and ne f the fllwing: a develpment in a different histrical perid, situatin, era r gegraphical regin a curse theme and/r apprach t histry that is nt the fcus f the essay

3 Lng Essay Questin (LEQ) 6 pint ttal: Thesis (1 pt), Applicatin f Targeted Histrical Thinking Skill (2 pts), Argument Develpment Using Evidence (2 pts), Synthesis (1 pt) Thesis: Sets up the argument, addresses the targeted skill addresses ALL parts f the questin Applicatin f Targeted Histrical Thinking Skill: Cmparisn (1 pt) describes similarities AND differences amng histrical individuals, events, develpments, r prcesses (1 pt) explains the reasns fr similarities AND differences amng histrical individuals, events, develpments, r prcesses OR (depending n the prmpt) evaluates the relative significance f histrical individuals, events, develpments, r prcesses Causatin (1 pt) describes causes AND/OR effects f a histrical event, develpment, r prcess (1 pt) explains the reasns fr the causes AND/OR effects f a histrical event, develpment r prcess Cntinuity and Change Over Time (1 pt) describes histrical cntinuity AND change ver time (1 pt) explains the reasns fr histrical cntinuity AND change ver time Peridizatin (1 pt) describes the ways in which the histrical develpment specified in the prmpt was different frm and similar t develpments that preceded AND/OR fllwed (1 pt) explains the extent t which the histrical develpment specified in the prmpt was different frm and similar t develpments that preceded AND/OR fllwed Argument Develpment Using Evidence: (1 pt) addresses the tpic f the questin with specific examples f relevant evidence (1 pt) Utilizes specific examples f evidence t fully and effectively substantiate the stated thesis r relevant argument Synthesis: (1 pt) extends the argument by explaining the cnnectins between the argument and ne f the fllwing: a develpment in a different histrical perid, situatin, era r gegraphical regin a curse theme and/r apprach t histry that is nt the fcus f the essay

4 APPROACH TO HISTORY Skill Type Histrical Thinking Skill I. Chrnlgical Reasning 1. Histrical Causatin 2. Patters f Cntinuity and Change Over Time 3. Peridizatin II. Cmparisn and 4. Cmparisn Cntextualizatin 5. Cntextualizatin III. Crafting Histrical 6. Histrical Argumentatin Arguments frm Histrical Evidence 7. Apprpriate Use f Relevant Histrical Evidence IV. Histrical Interpretatin and Synthesis 8. Interpretatin 9. Synthesis Skill 1: Histrical Causatin The ability t identify, analyze, and evaluate the relatinships amng multiple histrical causes and effects, distinguishing between thse that are lngterm and prximate, and amng cincidence, causatin, and crrelatin. Skill 2: Patterns f Cntinuity and Change ver Time The ability t recgnize, analyze, and evaluate the dynamics f histrical cntinuity and change ver perids f time f varying lengths, as well as the ability t relate these patters t larger histrical prcesses and themes. Skill 3: Peridizatin The ability t describe, analyze, evaluate, and cnstruct mdels that histrians use t rganize histry int discrete perids. Identify turning pints. Histrical perid depends n what is cnsidered mst significant plitical, ecnmic, scial, cultural, r envirnmental. Skill 4: Cmparisn The ability t describe, cmpare, and evaluate multiple histrical develpments within ne sciety, ne r mre develpments acrss r between different scieties, and in varius chrnlgical and gegraphical cntexts. Skill 5: Cntextualizatin The ability t cnnect histrical events and prcesses t specific circumstances f time and place and t brader reginal, natinal, r glbal prcesses. Skill 6: Histrical Argumentatin The ability t define and frame a questin abut the past and t address that questin thrugh the cnstructin f an argument. Skill 7: Apprpriate Use f Relevant Histrical Evidence The ability t describe and evaluate evidence abut the past frm diverse surces (including written dcuments, wrks f art, archaelgical artifacts, ral traditins, and ther primary surces) and requires students t pay attentin t the cntent, authrship, purpse, frmat, and audience f such surces. Invlves the capacity t extract useful infrmatin, make supprtable inferences, and draw apprpriate cnclusins frm histrical evidence while als nting the cntext in which the evidence was prduced and used, recgnizing its limitatins, and assessing the pints f views it reflects. Skill 8: Interpretatin The ability t describe, analyze, evaluate, and cnstruct diverse interpretatins f the past, and being aware f hw particular circumstances and cntexts in which individual histrians wrk and write als share their interpretatin f past events. Requires analyzing evidence, reasning, determining the cntext, and evaluating pints f view in bth primary and secndary surces. Skill 9: Synthesis The ability t develp meaningful and persuasive new understandings f the past by applying all f the ther histrical thinking skills, by drawing apprpriately n ideas and methds frm different fields f inquiry r disciplines, and by creatively fusing cntrasting, relevant, and smetimes cntradictry evidence frm primary and secndary wrks. May als invlve applying insights abut the past t ther histrical cntexts r circumstances, including the present.

5 American & Natinal Identity: frmatin f bth American natinal identity and grup identities in U.S. histry. Hw and why have debates ver American natinal identity changed ver time? Hw have gender, class, ethnic, religius, reginal, and ther grup identities changed in different eras? Wrk, Exchange, and Technlgy: develpment f American ecnmies based n agriculture, cmmerce, and manufacturing. Hw have changes in markets, transprtatin, and technlgy affected American sciety frm clnial times t the present day? Why have different labr systems develped in British Nrth America and the United States, and hw have they affected U.S. sciety? Hw have debates ver ecnmic values and the rle f gvernment in the U.S. ecnmy affected plitics, sciety, the ecnmy, and the envirnment? Migratin and Settlement: why and hw the varius peple wh mved t, frm, and within the United States adapted t their new scial and physical envirnments. Why have peple migrated t, frm, and within Nrth America? Hw have changes in migratin and ppulatin patterns affected American life? Plitics and Pwer: debates ver the rle f the state in sciety and its ptential as an active agent fr change. Hw and why have different plitical and scial grups cmpeted fr influence ver sciety and gvernment in what wuld becme the United States? Hw have Americans agreed n r argued ver the values that guide their plitical system as well as wh is part f the plitical prcess? America in the Wrld: glbal cntext in which the United States riginated and develped as well as the influence f the United States in wrld affairs. Hw have events in Nrth America and the United States related t cntemprary develpments in the rest f the wrld? Hw have different factrs influenced U.S. military, diplmatic, and ecnmic invlvement in internatinal affairs and freign cnflicts, bth in Nrth America and verseas? Gegraphy and the Envirnment: rle f envirnment, gegraphy, and climate in bth cnstraining and shaping human actins. Hw did interactins with the natural envirnment shape the institutins and values f varius grups living n the Nrth American cntinent? Hw did ecnmic and demgraphic changes affect the envirnment and lead t debates ver use and cntrl f the envirnment and natural resurces? Culture and Sciety: rles that ideas, beliefs, scial custms, and creative expressin have played in shaping the United States. Hw and why have mral, philsphical, and cultural values changed in what wuld becme the United States? Hw and why have changes in mral, philsphical, and cultural values affected U.S. histry?

6 Perid 1: Ntable terms: maize, Clumbian Exchange, encmienda system Key Cncept 1.1.: As native ppulatin migrated and settled acrss the vast expanse f Nrth America ver time, they develped distinct and increasingly cmplex scieties by adapting t and transfrming their diverse envirnments. Key Cncept 1.2: Cntact amng Eurpeans, Native Americans, and Africans resulted in the Clumbian Exchange and significant scial, cultural, and plitical changes n bth sides f the Atlantic Ocean. Perid 2: Ntable terms: indentured servants, Puritans, Chesapeake, New England, Puebl Revlt, Enlightenment, Middle Clnies, Suthern Clnies, Metacm s (King Philip s) War, First Great Awakening, mercantilism Key Cncept 2.1: Eurpeans develped a variety f clnizatin and migratin patterns, influenced by different imperial gals, cultures, and the varied Nrth American envirnments where they settled, and they cmpeted with each ther and American Indians fr resurces. Key Cncept 2.2: The British clnies participated in plitical, scial, cultural, and ecnmic exchanges with Great Britain that encuraged bth strnger bnds with Britain and resistance t Britain s cntrl. Perid 3: Ntable terms: French & Indian War, Benjamin Franklin, Patrits, Lyalists, Cntinental Army, Gerge Washingtn, Enlightenment, Thmas Paine s Cmmn Sense, Declaratin f Independence, American Revlutin, Republican Mtherhd, Articles f Cnfederatin, Cnstitutinal Cnventin, Cnstitutin, Anti-Federalists, Federalists, Federalist Papers (Hamiltn & Madisn), Bill f Rights, Jhn Adams, Demcratic-Republican Party (Jeffersn), Nrthwest Ordinance, Califrnia missins, Washingtn s Farewell Address Key Cncept 3.1: British attempts t assert tighter cntrl ver its Nrth American clnies and the clnial reslve t pursue self-gvernment led t a clnial independence mvement and the Revlutinary War. Key Cncept 3.2: The American Revlutin s demcratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different frms f gvernment. Key Cncept 3.3: Migratin within Nrth America and cmpetitin ver resurces, bundaries, and trade intensified cnflicts amng peples and natins.

7 Perid 4: Ntable terms: Marbury v. Madisn, Andrew Jacksn (Demcrats), Henry Clay (Whig), Secnd Great Awakening, ablitinist mvement, Seneca Falls Cnventin, market revlutin, American System, Luisiana Purchase, Mnre Dctrine, Indian Remval Act, Missuri Cmprmise Key Cncept 4.1: The United States began t develp a mdern demcracy and celebrated a new natinal culture, while Americans sught t define the natin s demcratic ideals and change their sciety and institutins t match them. Key Cncept 4.2: Innvatins in technlgy, agriculture, and cmmerce pwerfully accelerated the American ecnmy, precipitating prfund changes t U.S. sciety and t natinal and reginal identities. Key Cncept 4.3: The U.S. interest in increasing freign trade and expanding its natinal brders shaped the natin s freign plicy and spurred gvernment and private initiatives. Perid 5: Ntable terms: Manifest Destiny, Mexican-American War, Civil War, Nativist mvement, Free-Sil Mvement, slavery as a psitive gd, Electin f 1860, Mexican Cessin, Cmprmise f Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Sctt decisin, Republican Party, Abraham Lincln, Unin & Cnfederacy, Emancipatin Prclamatin, Gettysburg Address, 13 th Amendment, 14 th Amendment, 15 th Amendment, Recnstructin, sharecrpping, Jim Crw Laws Key Cncept 5.1: The United States became mre cnnected with the wrld, pursued an expansinist freign plicy in the Western Hemisphere, and emerged as the destinatin fr many migrants frm ther cuntries. Key Cncept 5.2: Intensified by expansin and deepening reginal divisins, debates ver slavery and ther ecnmic, cultural, and plitical issues led the natin int civil war. Key Cncept 5.3: The Unin victry in the Civil War and the cntested recnstructin f the Suth settled the issues f slavery and secessin, but left unreslved many questins abut the pwer f the federal gvernment and citizenship rights. Perid 6: Ntable terms: laissez-faire, labr unins, Industrializatin, New Suth, Ppulist Party, Americanizatin, Urbanizatin, plitical machines, transcntinental railrad, reservatins, Gilded Age, Scial Darwinism, Gspel f Wealth, Scial Gspel, Jane Addams, Plessy v. Fergusn Key Cncept 6.1: Technlgical advances, large-scale prductin methds, and the pening f new markets encuraged the rise f industrial capitalism in the United States. Key Cncept 6.2: The migratins that accmpanied industrializatin transfrmed bth urban and rural areas f the United States and caused dramatic scial and cultural change. Key Cncept 6.3: The Gilded Age prduced new cultural and intellectual mvements, public refrm effrts, and plitical debates ver ecnmic and scial plicies.

8 Perid 7: Ntable terms: Great Depressin, Prgressive Era, Prhibitin, Wmen s suffrage, Preservatinists and Cnservatinists, Franklin D. Rsevelt, New Deal, mass media, Harlem Renaissance, Wrld War I, Red Scare, Wrld War II, Great Migratin, Imperialism, Turner Thesis, Spanish-American War, Wdrw Wilsn, Treaty f Versailles, League f Natins, islatinism, Pearl Harbr, Japanese Internment, island hpping, D-Day, atmic bmb Key Cncept 7.1: Grwth expanded pprtunity, while ecnmic instability led t new effrts t refrm U.S. sciety and its ecnmic system. Key Cncept 7.2: Innvatins in cmmunicatins and technlgy cntributed t the grwth f mass culture, while significant changes ccurred in internal and internatinal migratin patterns. Key Cncept 7.3: Participatin in a series f glbal cnflicts prpelled the United States int a psitin f internatinal pwer while renewing dmestic debates ver the natin s prper rle in the wrld. Perid 8: Ntable terms: Cld War, Krean War, Vietnam War, détente, military-industrial cmplex, Martin Luther King Jr., Brwn v. Bard f Educatin, Civil Rights Act f 1964, Great Sciety, baby bm, Sun Belt regin, 1965 immigratin laws, cunterculture Key Cncept 8.1: The United States respnded t an uncertain and unstable pstwar wrld by asserting and wrking t maintain a psitin f glbal leadership, with far-reaching dmestic and internatinal cnsequences. Key Cncept 8.2: New mvements fr civil rights and liberal effrts t expand the rle f gvernment generated a range f plitical and cultural respnses. Key Cncept 8.3: Pstwar ecnmic and demgraphic changes had far-reaching cnsequences fr American sciety, plitics, and culture. Perid 9: 1980-present Ntable terms: Rnald Reagan, internet, end f Cld War, September 11, 2001, war in Afghanistan, war in Iraq, terrrism Key Cncept 9.1: A newly ascendant cnservative mvement achieved several plitical and plicy gals during the 1980s and cntinued t strngly influence public discurse in the fllwing decades. Key Cncept 9.2: Mving int the 21st century, the natin experienced significant technlgical, ecnmic, and demgraphic changes. Key Cncept 9.3: The end f the Cld War and new challenges t U.S. leadership frced the natin t redefine its freign plicy and rle in the wrld.

9 Essay Prmpt Cmmand Terms ANALYZE: Break dwn in rder t bring ut the essential elements r structure. COMPARE: Give an accunt f the similarities between tw (r mre) items r situatins, referring t bth (all) f them thrughut. COMPARE AND CONTRAST: Give an accunt f similarities and differences between tw (r mre) items r situatins, referring t bth (all) f them thrughut. CONTRAST: Give an accunt f the differences between tw (r mre) items r situatins, referring t bth (all) f them thrughut. DEFINE: Give the precise meaning f a wrd, phrase, cncept r physical quantity. DESCRIBE: Give a detailed accunt. DISCUSS: Offer a cnsidered and balanced review that includes a range f arguments, factrs r hyptheses. Opinins r cnclusins shuld be presented clearly and supprted by apprpriate evidence. DISTINGUISH: Make clear the differences between tw r mre cncepts r items. EVALUATE: Make a judgment by weighing up the strengths and limitatins. EXAMINE: Cnsider an argument r cncept in a way that uncvers the assumptins and interrelatinships f the issue. EXPLAIN: Give a detailed accunt including reasns r causes. IDENTIFY: Prvide an answer frm a number f pssibilities. JUSTIFY: Give valid reasns r evidence t supprt an answer r cnclusin. TO WHAT EXTENT: Cnsider the qualities r therwise f an argument r cncept. Opinins and cnclusins shuld be presented clearly and supprted with apprpriate evidence and sund argument.

10 Vcabulary t Knw affluent: (especially f a grup r area) having a great deal f mney; wealthy. antebellum: ccurring r existing befre a particular war, especially the American Civil War. aristcracy: the highest class in certain scieties, especially thse hlding hereditary titles r ffices. autnmy: (f a cuntry r regin) the right r cnditin f self-gvernment, especially in a particular sphere. bellicse: demnstrating aggressin and willingness t fight. beset: (f a prblem r difficulty) truble r threaten persistently. burgeisie: the middle class, typically with reference t its perceived materialistic values r cnventinal attitudes. bulwark: a defensive wall. capital: wealth in the frm f mney r ther assets wned by a persn r rganizatin r available r cntributed fr a particular purpse such as starting a cmpany r investing. calesce: cme tgether and frm ne mass r whle. calitin: an alliance fr cmbined actin, especially a temprary alliance f plitical parties frming a gvernment r f states. cercin: the practice f persuading smene t d smething by using frce r threats. cmpulsry: required by law r a rule; bligatry. cnflagratin: an extensive fire that destrys a great deal f land r prperty. cnciliatry: intended r likely t placate r pacify. cnscriptin: cmpulsry enlistment fr state service, typically int the armed frces. cnsensus: general agreement. de fact: in fact, r in effect, whether by right r nt. demaggue: a plitical leader wh seeks supprt by appealing t ppular desires and prejudices rather than by using ratinal argument. disenfranchise: deprive (smene) f the right t vte. dissent: hld r express pinins that are at variance with thse previusly, cmmnly, r fficially expressed. electrate: all the peple in a cuntry r area wh are entitled t vte in an electin. enmity: the state r feeling f being actively ppsed r hstile t smene r smething. enterprise: a prject r undertaking, typically ne that is difficult r requires effrt OR a business r cmpany. enumerated: t ascertain the number f/t cunt/t specify ne after anther. epitmize: be a perfect example f. excriate: censure r criticize severely. factin: a small, rganized, dissenting grup within a larger ne, especially in plitics. federalism: the federal principle r system f gvernment. fiscal: f r relating t gvernment revenue, especially taxes. fment: instigate r stir up (an undesirable r vilent sentiment r curse f actin). idelgy: a system f ideas and ideals, especially ne that frms the basis f ecnmic r plitical thery and plicy. implicit: implied thugh nt plainly expressed. inevitable: certain t happen; unavidable. influx: an arrival r entry f large numbers f peple r things. infringe: actively break the terms f (a law, agreement, etc.) OR act s as t limit r undermine (smething); encrach n. jurisprudence: the thery r philsphy f law. latent: (f a quality r state) existing but nt yet develped r manifest; hidden; cncealed. manifest: clear r bvius t the eye r mind. mllify: appease the anger r anxiety f (smene). municipal: f r relating t a city r twn r its gverning bdy. rthdx: (f a persn r their views, especially religius r plitical nes, r ther beliefs r practices) cnfrming t what is generally r traditinally accepted as right r true; established and apprved. stensible: stated r appearing t be true, but nt necessarily s. patrnage: the pwer t cntrl appintments t ffice r the right t privileges. presumptin: an act r instance f taking smething t be true r adpting a particular attitude tward smething, especially at the start f a chain f argument r actin. radical: advcating r based n thrugh r cmplete plitical r scial refrm; representing r supprting an extreme sectin f a plitical party. repudiate: refuse t accept r be assciated with OR deny the truth r validity f. vehement: shwing strng feeling; frceful, passinate, r intense.

11 Difference in Surces Primary Surce: accunts/bjects created either at the time a histrical event ccurred, r later, when eyewitnesses chse t dcument their experiences. Public recrds Persnal dcuments Artifacts and relics Visual images and wrks f art Architecture, city plans, and maps Media Literary wrks Organizatinal recrds Research data Secndary Surce: any surce that is based n a reflectin abut a histrical event, rather than being a direct experience r descriptin f that event. Histrians arguments (bks, jurnal articles, magazine articles) Maps, graphs, and data