Classical Conditioning: Terminology Practice Source: Kathleen Riek (AP Psychology Teacher) and Strive for a 5 by BFW/Worth

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1 1 Classical Conditioning: Terminology Practice Source: Kathleen Riek (AP Psychology Teacher) and Strive for a 5 by BFW/Worth Natalie goes to the park and is playing near a tree. She bumps into a branch that just happens to house a squirrel that proceeds to attack her. After she recovers from her squirrel attack, she refuses to go near the park. US Squirrel Attack NS Park CS Park Sharks are scary. Big Girls Don t Cry doesn t usually scare you. Big Girls Don t Cry plays when sharks are approaching. Big Girls Don t Cry plays, and you get nervous. US Sharks NS Big Girls Don t Cry CS Big Girls Don t Cry What is acquisition? Define the term in your own words and apply it to the example above. The initial stage of learning where you first learn to associate the NS/CS with the UCS. Learning to associate the song with sharks. Trips on cruise ships make you sick. The sound of a foghorn doesn t make you sick. The foghorn blows while you are on the cruise ship getting sick. Foghorns make you want to throw up. US Cruise Ship UR Seasickness NS Foghorn CS Foghorn CR Seasickness What is extinction? Define the term in your own words and explain how you could apply it to the example above. The diminishing of a learned response. If you go several years hearing foghorns from land and don t get sick, you will forget the association you once had. What is spontaneous recovery? Define the term in your own words and explain how you could apply it to the example above. When a previously extinct response suddenly returns. One day, out of nowhere, you hear a foghorn and you puke!

2 2 Eating pickles makes you salivate. The word pickle doesn t make you salivate. Before even eating the pickle, you think to yourself Mmm pickles! The thought of pickles makes you salivate. US Pickles UR Salivation NS The world pickles CS The world pickles CR Salivation What is stimulus generalization? Define the term in your own words and apply it to the example above. When you have the CR to anything similar to the CS. Ex: You salivate when you say something similar to pickle, like parka or cucumber. John s mother was a great baker. When he was a boy, she would spend all Saturday baking while listening to AC/DC. The smell of cakes, breads, and cookies and the sound of music would fill the house. Twenty years later, John can t listen to AC/DC without getting hungry. US Smell of cakes, breads, and cookies NS AC/DC UR Hunger CS AC/DC CR Hunger What is stimulus discrimination/distinction? Define the term in your own words and apply it to the example above. Knowing the difference between the CS and similar stimuli. Ex: Another rock band that s similar, like Metallica, wouldn t make you hungry. Jeannie was sitting in a Chinese restaurant with her fiancé when he told her he was leaving her for a chorus girl from Las Vegas named Cherries Flambé. Now, whenever she walks past a Chinese restaurant, she gets very, very sad. US Fiancé leaving UR Sadness NS Chinese restaurant CS Chinese restaurant CR Sadness What is higher-order conditioning? Define the term in your own words and apply it to the example above. Connecting a second stimulus to the CS to elicit a new CR. Ex: Pairing the Chinese restaurant with a particular song or music, then she would feel sad every time she hears that music.

3 3 Little Jimmy goes to Grandma and Grandpa s, and every time, he gets knocked down by their new dog Fluffy. Jimmy soon becomes terrified of going to his grandparents, screaming louder the closer he comes to the front door. US Fluffy NS Grandparents house / front door CS Grandparents house / front door Susan and Dan hear the song Crank Dat by Soldja Boy during their first date, which, as it turns out, was wonderful. Now when Susan hears the song, she gets goosebumps and her heart flutters. US First date NS Crank Dat CS Crank Dat UR Goosebumps and heart fluttering CR Goosebumps and heart fluttering Ahmed is a mediocre student in school and over the years has received many lectures from his parents about his poor study habits. He received another report card full of Cs and Ds today, and he knows that once his parents come home from work they will want to lecture him again. To distract himself from his nervousness, he plays his video games for several hours but later, as he hears the garage door open, Ahmed s heart begins to race. US Parents lecture UR Heart racing NS Garage door opening CS Garage door opening CR Heart racing As a child, Charlotte was an avid reader who spent hours buried deep in classic and exciting literature. Her favorite reading spot was in the back yard in her swing under a strong oak tree. Years later, as an adult, Charlotte is looking through a magazine selling tree swings and feels the rush of good memories. US Reading UR Enjoyment NS Swing CS Swing CR Enjoyment

4 4 Your history instructor enjoys incorporating student projects into the class. You, however, typically do poorly on projects and prefer to learn from lectures. When you instructor creates a project, she produces the guidelines on colored paper to make it stand out. Today, as she enters the class, you see that she has a stack of colored paper in her hands and immediately you become agitated and upset. US Doing projects NS Colored paper CS Colored paper UR Agitation and upset CR Agitation and upset Each time you come home from school, you head to the kitchen to fill up your dog Lassie s food bowl. Lassie excitedly devours her food with her tail swinging. You notice after a few weeks that Lassie has conditioned your arrival home from school with a filled food bowl and eagerly come running to the door to greet you when you come in. US Feeding Lassie / filling up her bowl NS Coming to the door UR Lassie running to you / experiencing hunger CS Coming to the door CR Lassie running to you / experiencing hunger After learning about higher-ordering conditioning, you become interested in teaching Lassie to respond to additional cues. Describe how you will teach Lassie to associate two new neutral stimuli with being fed. Any two stimuli (doorbell, hand clapping, a special phrase, for example) will be attached to the already established CS of the backpack drop and trials will occur to cement learning. For example: Hand clap + backpack drop + feeding Lassie = Lassie comes running. Your 2-year-old cousin AnnaBeth giggles delightedly every time her father picks her up and tosses her into the air. Now each time she sees her father, she feels great love and enjoyment at being with him. US Tossing up in the air NS Father CS Father UR Giggles and feelings of love CR Giggles and feelings of love Using the principle of generalization explain why AnnaBeth now runs up to her friends fathers with the same delight and excitement with which she approaches her father. AnnaBeth sees in her friends fathers the qualities that exist in her father (bright smile, warm response, kind voice, and so on) and has generalized her love/hugging response to them. Using the principle of discrimination, explain how you can teach AnnaBeth only to respond this way to her father. In order to teach her to discriminate and only respond to HER father, she will need to be rewarded (hugged back, greeted fondly, thrown up into the air, and such) only by HER father and the other fathers will not reward her hugging behavior

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