The Endocrine System snd Reproductive System

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1 The Endocrine System snd Reproductive System Hormones, Hormones and, more Hormones!!! The endocrine system sends out chemical signals to tell cells what to do. The reproductive system produces ova and sperm for propagation of the species.

2 Even though the endocrine system doesn t seem very important to us, it really is! It affects almost everything in our bodies, and participates in moods, growth and development, sexual functions, reproductive processes, tissue function, and metabolism. THE MAIN PARTS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.

3 Hormones & Glands The endocrine system is founded on hormones and glands. Hormones (either protein-based or lipid-based chemical messengers) transfer info and orders from a set of cells to another. Each type of hormone is designed to affect only certain cells. A gland is a bunch of cells that produce and gives off chemicals. A gland selects and removes materials from the blood, processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body. Exocrine glands like the sweat glands release secretions outside the body, such as the skin or inside the mouth. Endocrine glands like the pituitary gland secretes hormones inside the body to regulate internal processes.

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5 What can go wrong Too much or too little of any hormone can be harmful to your body. For example, if the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, a teen may grow excessively tall. If it produces too little, a teen may be unusually short. Doctors can often treat the problems by controlling the production of hormones or replacing certain hormones with medication. Some endocrine problems that affect teens are

6 Disorders

7 Diseases Cryptococcus neoformans is a common fungal infection and frequent cause of meningitis in humans. When it infects the pituitary gland, it can cause blindness.

8 Interactions How does the endocrine system interact with other organ systems? Nervous System - The Endocrine System works with this system by sending hormones to cells and thereby causing a physical reaction. These hormones provide feedback to the brain and affect neural processing, which give your body instructions on how and when to react to certain extrema. Other hormones, such as reproductive hormones, affect the development of the nervous system. Digestive System - The Endocrine System works with this system through the pancreas, which produces the hormone insulin. When we digest carbohydrates (through the digestive system) they are then transformed into sugars. The pancreas, which is part of the endocrine system, produces the hormone insulin to regulate how fast the sugars are consequently broken down; therefore, insulin regulates the amount of sugar in the blood. Circulatory System - The Endocrine System works with this system because it works as the transport system for endocrine information. It basically works with the circulatory system to send hormones throughout the body where they can be received by various organs and cells, and are then put to use through bodily functions.

9 How Do You Keep Your Endocrine System Healthy? 1. Eat Healthy whole foods, not processed 2. Avoid Junk Food 3. Exercise choose the right exercise for you

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11 The Human Reproductive System Reproductive System is for the production of gametes ova (eggs) and sperm used for producing offspring. Human males and females have different gonads reproductive organs.

12 The Human Reproductive Organs and Glands Male Testicles male organs that make sperm cells. Penis male external sex organ Female Ovaries (2) female organ that contains hundreds of undeveloped female gametes (egg or ova) Uterus organ where a fetus develops until its birth Fallopian tube connects ovary to the uterus. Vagina external opening

13 Path of Gametes

14 Interactions with other Organ Systems The reproductive system interacts with.. the endocrine system, because the endocrine system provides the system with growth and development hormones to nurture an embryo. the circulatory system, which transports hormones through the body to the reproductive organs. the muscular system during menstrual cycle, so the muscular system can push out any waste material out of the body, and the muscular system is also used to give birth and help push the baby out of the birth canal.

15 Disorders and Diseases

16 INTERESTING FACTS It contains the largest (ova) and smallest (sperm) cells in the body. A female is born with all of the ova she will ever have. Only 300,000 will be left by the time she reaches puberty. A male makes over 500 trillion sperm in his life-time. A female could give birth to about 35 offspring in her life-time. Ova live for hours, where sperm live for up to 36 hours. Androgens are the hormones that are responsible for the male secondary sex characteristics (deep voice, body hair, height and muscles) in men. Estrogens are the hormones that are responsible for the development of breasts, blood clotting, bone formation, and female secondary sex characteristics.

17 References Explore Human Anatomy and Physiology. Edited by Eric Rodriguez, InnerBody, InnerBody.com, Jan. 2018, Human Body Systems. Carolina Biological Supply: World-Class Support for Science & Math, Carolina Biological Supply, Mar. 2018, Endocrine System." Fact Monster Sandbox Networks, Inc., publishing as Fact Monster. May < Reproduction System." Fact Monster Sandbox Networks, Inc., publishing as Fact Monster. May < Dowshen, Steven. Body Basics. Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, The Nemours Foundation/KidsHealth., Mar. 2012,