The Brain Symphony of Science
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1 The Brain Symphony of Science Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 1
2 The Brain Symphony of Science Jill Bolte Taylor - My Stroke of Insight Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 2
3 Chapter 8 The Nervous System Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 3
4 Introduction 1. Two systems control all cells of the body: a. Nervous System (Chap. 8) Rapid by nerve impulses b. Endocrine System (Chap. 10) Slower by chemicals secreted by ductless glands into the bloodstream Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 4
5 Introduction 1. Two systems control all cells of the body: a. Nervous System (Chap. 8) Rapid by nerve impulses b. Endocrine System (Chap. 10) Slower by chemicals secreted by ductless glands into the bloodstream 2. Communicate to increase or decrease activities as needed for survival Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 5
6 Introduction 1. Two systems control all cells of the body: a. Nervous System (Chap. 8) Rapid by nerve impulses b. Endocrine System (Chap. 10) Slower by chemicals secreted by ductless glands into the bloodstream 2. Communicate to increase or decrease activities as needed for survival 3. Homeostasis balanced and controlled internal environment Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 6
7 ORGANS AND DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 7
8 ORGANS AND DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Central nervous system (CNS) brain and spinal cord 2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 8
9 ORGANS AND DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Central nervous system (CNS) brain and spinal cord 2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) A.All nerves of the body (motor and sensory) B.Motor neurons divided into two branches Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 9
10 Before we go further. draw what I draw onto dry erase boards (deb) Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 10
11 ORGANS AND DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Central nervous system (CNS) brain and spinal cord 2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) A.All nerves of the body (motor and sensory) B.Motor neurons divided into two branches a. Somatic nervous system regulates voluntary muscle movement b. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) - Regulates automatic or involuntary functions (HR, BP, Digestion) Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 11
12 ORGANS AND DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Central nervous system (CNS) brain and spinal cord 2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) A. All nerves of the body (motor and sensory) B.Motor neurons divided into two branches a. Somatic nervous system regulates voluntary muscle movement b. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) - Regulates automatic or involuntary functions (HR, BP, Digestion) Sympathetic - fight or flight Parasympathetic - rest or digest Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 12
13 Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 13
14 Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 14
15 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Two types of cells found in nervous system A. Neurons conduct impulses B. Glia support neurons Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 15
16 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 1. Consist of three main parts dendrites; cell body of neuron; axon Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 16
17 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 1. Consist of three main parts dendrites; cell body of neuron; axon a. Cell body main part with nucleus Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 17
18 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 1. Consist of three main parts dendrites; cell body of neuron; axon a. Cell body main part with nucleus b. Dendrites branching projections that conduct impulses to cell body of neuron Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 18
19 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 1. Consist of three main parts dendrites; cell body of neuron; axon a. Cell body main part with nucleus b. Dendrites branching projections that conduct impulses to cell body of neuron c. Axon elongated projection that conducts impulses away from cell body of neuron Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 19
20 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 2. Additional structures a.myelin segmented white wrapping material around axon Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 20
21 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 2. Additional structures a.myelin segmented white wrapping material around axon b.schwann cells individual wrap of myelin Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 21
22 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 2. Additional structures a.myelin segmented white wrapping material around axon b.schwann cells individual wrap of myelin c.nodes of Ranveir (rahn-vee-ay) indentations between Schwann cells Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 22
23 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 2. Additional structures d. Neurilemma outer membrane of a Schwann cell Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 23
24 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 2. Additional structures d. Neurilemma outer membrane of a Schwann cell Play an important role in the regenration of cut or injured axons. Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 24
25 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 2. Additional structures d. Neurilemma outer membrane of a Schwann cell Play an important role in the regenration of cut or injured axons. Brain and spinal cord have no neurilemma Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 25
26 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 2. Additional structures d. Neurilemma outer membrane of a Schwann cell Play an important role in the regenration of cut or injured axons. Brain and spinal cord have no neurilemma Myelinated fibers axons with Schwann cells; increases speed Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 26
27 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 3. Neurons classified according to function (direction they send impulses) Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 27
28 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 3. Neurons classified according to function (direction they send impulses) a.sensory (afferent) neurons conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 28
29 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 3. Neurons classified according to function (direction they send impulses) a.sensory (afferent) neurons conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain b.motor (efferent) neurons conduct impulses away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 29
30 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons 3. Neurons classified according to function (direction they send impulses) a.sensory (afferent) neurons conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain b.motor (efferent) neurons conduct impulses away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands c.interneurons conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons or among a network of interneurons; also known as central or connecting neurons Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 30
31 Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 31
32 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM B. Glia (neuroglia) 1. Support cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 32
33 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM C. Glia (neuroglia) 1. Support cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally 2. Glioma- most common types of brain tumors Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 33
34 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM C. Glia (neuroglia) 3. Three main types of glial cells of the CNS a. Astrocytes star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons! Blood-brain barrier a two-layer structure that protects brain tissue from harmful chemicals in blood Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 34
35 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM C. Glia (neuroglia) 3. Three main types of glial cells of the CNS b. Microglia small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 35
36 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM C. Glia (neuroglia) 3. Three main types of glial cells of the CNS c. Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 36
37 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM C. Glia (neuroglia) 3. Three main types of glial cells of the CNS c. Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS! Schwann cells form myelin sheaths on axons of the PNS Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 37
38 CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM C. Glia (neuroglia) 3. Three main types of glial cells of the CNS c. Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS! Schwann cells form myelin sheaths on axons of the PNS FYI - Oligodendrocytes can form myelin sheath around several axons; Schwann cells can only wrap entirely around one axon. Mosby items and derived items 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 38
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