Supplementary Table 5 online. Metastasis, immune system and miscellaneous. Intravenous CD-24 monoclonal antibody (ALB9)

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1 Supplementary Table 5 online Target HIF-1α AR Integrin α3β1 Integrin α v TM NF-κB Process or pathway Angiogenesis Jak PI3K Ras, immune and miscellaneous N Intervention Conclusion Ref 16 total 44 total 32 total 190 total 20 total 72 total 20 total intraosseous intracardiac Intravenous CD-24 monoclonal antibody (ALB9) Tumour cells transfected with shrna to silence or HIF-1α were implanted ally + intravenously injected ( model) knockout mice or androgen deprivation (castration) Heterotopic (): Intraperitoneal injection (intravesical instillation) of monoclonal integrin α3β1 antibody (BCMab1) or monoclonal integrin α3β1 antibody conjugated with immunotoxin Ra (BCMab1-Ra) or migg Intraosseous inoculation of either UMUC3 cells or UMUC3 integrin αv knockdown cells Preventive protocol: daily intraperitoneal injections of either vector or GLPG187 during 28 days, after 1 day a single intracardiac inoculation of UMUC3 cells Curative protocol: inoculation of UMUC3 cells 3 weeks prior to daily intraperitoneal injection of either vector or GLPG187 during 15 days were instilled intravesically were instilled intravesically and treated with intraperitoneal injection of NF-κB inhibitor CAPE were injected ally were injected ally and treated with intraperitoneal injection of NF-κB inhibitor CAPE reduction of load and prolonged survival reduction in metastasis ( downstream of HIF- 1α) Less tumour development ( knockout), tumour growth inhibition (castration) BCMab1 led to tumour growth inhibition, BCMab1-Ra led to complete tumour regression Intraosseous inoculation of Integrin αv knockdown led to lower bone and total tumour burden (NS) Preventive protocol: significantly decreased number of metastasis and total tumour burden Curative protocol: No significant effects Orthotopic: TM silencing led to a higher tumour take and larger tumour size, CAPE treatment reduced tumour development Heterotopic: TM silencing resulted increased tumour growth, CAPE treatment significantly reduced tumour growth

2 IL-12 CD40 ligand T cells TRIAL 16 total 32 total Intraperitoneal injection of IL-12 gene plasmid and/or chemotherapy (pirarubicin = THP) Intratumoural (it) or intravenous (iv) injection of either vvdd or vvdd-hcd40l Intratumoural injection of an oncolytic adenovirus (PPE3-SEA) Intratumoural injection of oncolytic adenovirus encoding TRAIL (ZD55-TRAIL) and/or chemotherapy (gemcitabine) Best result with combined treatment, tumour growth inhibition Tumour growth inhibition of both viruses, increased antitumour activity by CD40 expressing virus via intratumoural injection, no difference between viruses via intravenous injection. increased presence of infiltrating CD3+ T cells Combined therapy gave best result, increased tumour growth reduction and increased apoptosis upa PAI-1 PSCA Malat 1 Suz 12 Versican CCL2 CCR2 IDO IgG Unknown Unknown Cells without P53 and Rb Cell signalling TGF-β Unknown total 9 total 27 total 80 total Not available 25 total Unknown total rat 38 total rat Intravesical PAI-1 Oral gavage of small molecule inhibitor tiplaxtinin or vehicle Doxycycline regulated shrna against PSCA, mice were fed sucrose plus doxycycline Injected or xenografted with BC cells with or without prior knockdown of Malat1 or Suz12 Intravenous injection of tumour cells transfected with a sirna against Versican. CCL2/CCR2 knockout mouse or intraperitoneal injection of CCL2 antibody Skin delivery of IDO-specific sirna to dendritic cells Intratumoural injection of polyclonal antihuman goat IgG antibody with/without intraperitoneal injection of chemotherapy (mitomycin C = MMC) Oral Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)- rich mustard seed powder (MSP- 1) Oral N-acetylcysteine conjugate NAC-AITC Single intravesical instillation of an oncolytic adenovirus; AxCAZ3- F/RGD, AxdAdB-3 or AxdAdB3- F/RGD reduced invasion depth and decreased angiogenesis (less microvessels) Treatment with tiplaxtinin resulted in tumour growth inhibition, angiogenesis inhibition, reduced proliferation index and increased apoptosis (no major differences between dosage) Tumour growth inhibition Malat1 and Suz12 inhibition led to a lower load then in controls (less metastasis and smaller metastasis, both gave comparable effects) Reduced load (in both experiments) prolonged survival Combination therapy gave best result, tumour growth inhibition and increased apoptosis. inhibition of muscle invasion inhibition of muscle invasion AxdAdB3-F/RGD gave best result in tumour growth suppression, bladder weight reduction and survival

3 : cluster of differentiation 24, HIF-1α: hypoxia inducible factor - 1α, AR: androgen receptor, BNN: N-butyl-N- (4 hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine, TM: thrombomedulin, CAPE: caffeic acid phenethyl ester, IL-12/24: interleukin 12/24, TRIAL: tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, upa: urinary plasminogen activator, PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor -1, PSCA: prostate stem cell antigen, Malat1: metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1, Suz1: suppressor of zeste 12 homolog (Drosophila), CCL2: CC chemokine ligand 2, CCR2: CC chemokine receptor 2, sirna: small interfering RNA, IDO: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

4 References Supplementary Table 5 online 1. Overdevest, J.B. et al. offers a therapeutic target for control of bladder cancer metastasis based on a requirement for lung colonization. Cancer Res 71, (2011). 2. Thomas, S. et al. Is an Effector of HIF- 1- Driven Primary Tumor Growth and. Cancer Research 72, (2012). 3. Overdevest, J.B. et al. expression is important in male urothelial tumorigenesis and metastasis in mice and is androgen regulated. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, E3588- E3596 (2012). 4. Li, C. et al. BCMab1, a monoclonal antibody against aberrantly glycosylated integrin alpha3beta1, has potent antitumor activity of bladder cancer in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 20, (2014). 5. van der Horst, G. et al. Targeting of alpha- v integrins reduces malignancy of bladder carcinoma. Plos One 9, e (2014). 6. Wu, C.T., Chang, Y.H., Lin, P., Chen, W.C. & Chen, M.F. Thrombomodulin expression regulates tumorigenesis in bladder cancer. Bmc Cancer 14, 375 (2014). 7. Liu, W., Cao, Y., Fernandez, M.I., Niu, H. & Xiu, Y. Additive antitumoral effect of interleukin- 12 gene therapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of urothelial bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. Int Urol Nephrol 43, (2011). 8. Parviainen, S. et al. CD40 ligand and tdtomato- armed vaccinia virus for induction of antitumor immune response and tumor imaging. Gene Ther 21, (2014). 9. Han, C. et al. Target expression of Staphylococcus enterotoxin A from an oncolytic adenovirus suppresses mouse bladder tumor growth and recruits CD3+ T cell. Tumor Biol 34, (2013). 10. Mao, L. et al. Replication- competent adenovirus expressing TRAIL synergistically potentiates the antitumor effect of gemcitabine in bladder cancer cells. Tumour Biol 35, (2014). 11. Chen, S.C., Henry, D.O., Hicks, D.G., Reczek, P.R. & Wong, M.K.K. Intravesical Administration of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type- 1 Inhibits In Vivo Bladder Tumor Invasion and Progression. J Urol 181, (2009). 12. Gomes- Giacoia, E., Miyake, M., Goodison, S. & Rosser, C.J. Targeting plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1 inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in a human cancer xenograft model. Mol Cancer Ther 12, (2013). 13. Marra, E. et al. Growth delay of human bladder cancer cells by Prostate Stem Cell Antigen downregulation is associated with activation of immune signaling pathways. Bmc Cancer 10, 129 (2010). 14. Fan, Y. et al. TGF- b- induced upregulation of malat1 promotes bladder cancer metastasis by associating with suz12. Clin Cancer Res 20, (2014).

5 15. Said, N., Sanchez- Carbayo, M., Smith, S.C. & Theodorescu, D. RhoGDI2 suppresses lung metastasis in mice by reducing tumor versican expression and macrophage infiltration. J Clin Invest 122, (2012). 16. Yen, M.C. et al. A novel cancer therapy by skin delivery of indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase sirna. Clin Cancer Res 15, (2009). 17. Liang, P.Y. et al. Overexpression of immunoglobulin G prompts cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis in human urothelial carcinoma. Tumor Biol 34, (2013). 18. Bhattacharya, A. et al. Allyl isothiocyanate- rich mustard seed powder inhibits bladder cancer growth and muscle invasion. Carcinogenesis 31, (2010). 19. Bhattacharya, A., Li, Y., Geng, F., Munday, R. & Zhang, Y. The principal urinary metabolite of allyl isothiocyanate, N- acetyl- S- (N- allylthiocarbamoyl)cysteine, inhibits the growth and muscle invasion of bladder cancer. Carcinogenesis 33, (2012). 20. Wang, H. et al. Enhanced antitumor efficacy of integrin- targeted oncolytic adenovirus AxdAdB3- F/RGD on bladder cancer. Urology 83, 508.e e519 (2014).