Addition Reactions of Carbon-Carbon Pi Bonds Part 3
|
|
|
- Norah Edwards
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Addition eactions of arbon-arbon Pi Bonds Part 3 2 Ni 2 ( 2 ) 14 ( 2 ) 7 =( 2 ) P 2 2 N( ) 3 Miscellaneous Pi Bond Addition eactions Do all carbon-carbon pi bond addition reactions......involve electrophiles and carbocations?...follow Markovnikov's rule? } Examples ydroboration-xidation 1. B 3 2. Na, atalytic ydrogenation Anti-Markovnikov addition of 2 2 No electrophile Pt Markovnikov's rule irrelevant hem 14D Lecture Supplement: Addition eactions of arbon-arbon Pi Bonds Part 3 -- Page 1
2 atalytic ydrogenation atalytic hydrogenation: Addition of 2 in the presence of a catalyst. Pt atalyst usually = Pt, Pd, Ni Why catalyst needed? Bonds lost: - pi and - sigma Bonds gained: 2 x - sigma Bonds strengths: Sigma > pi Therefore ΔG < 0 (K eq > 1)... but ΔG (one or more mechanism steps) too high atalyst alters mechanism but not K eq atalytic ydrogenation 2 Pt Syn addition New bonds on same alkene face Why syn addition? You are not responsible for this mechanism. 2 2 is not an electrophile 2 symmetrical so Markovnikov's rule irrelevant hem 14D Lecture Supplement: Addition eactions of arbon-arbon Pi Bonds Part 3 -- Page 2
3 atalytic ydrogenation - Application Partially ydrogenated Vegetable il and Margarine 2, Ni Polyunsaturated fat Lower melting point (oil) Susceptible to air oxidation 2, Ni Monounsaturated fat igher melting point (margarine) Less susceptible to air oxidation and/or Saturated fat ealth concerns Trans fat ealth concerns Addition of 2 and l 2 Anti addition New bonds on opposite alkene face 2 has no so Markovnikov's ule does not apply Mechanism: You are not responsible for this mechanism δ + δ Similar reaction for l 2 2 polarized by pi electrons Backside attack hem 14D Lecture Supplement: Addition eactions of arbon-arbon Pi Bonds Part 3 -- Page 3
4 ydroboration-xidation B 3 ydroboration - B 2 xidation Same as: 1. B 3 2., - Syn, anti-markovnikov addition of water ompare with 3 +, which gives Markovnikov addition Electrophile = B 3 pen octet on boron ydroboration-xidation ydroboration-oxidation used broadly in laboratory, industrial synthesis 3 1. B 3 2., - Additional steps Artemisinin (anti-malarial) hem 14D Lecture Supplement: Addition eactions of arbon-arbon Pi Bonds Part 3 -- Page 4
5 FAQ: Addition eaction Stereochemistry Syn or anti or mixture? Addition reaction stereochemistry: atalytic hydrogenation syn anti 2 or l 2 syn anti ydroboration/oxidation syn anti Explore via mechanism..., 3 +, etc. syn anti??? 3 Anti addition 3 Syn addition onclusion: - + alkene gives... Anti addition Syn addition A mixture is formed zonolysis ozone destruction leavage of = or by reaction with ozone ( 3 ). Ph ( 3 ) 2 S Ph Mechanism: You are not responsible for this mechanism Ph Ph Ph ( ) 2 S Ph + Addition stereochemistry: Syn Anti But none at the end rientation: Markovnikov addition Anti-Markovnikov addition Both Neither Electrophile: Alkene 3 Both Neither hem 14D Lecture Supplement: Addition eactions of arbon-arbon Pi Bonds Part 3 -- Page 5
6 FAQ: What Must I Know About These eactions? You should know... eactants and products Stereochemistry: Syn addition, anti addition, mixture, etc. rientation: Markovnikov versus anti-markovnikov addition You are not responsible for mechanisms of... atalytic hydrogenation Addition of 2 /l 2 ydroboration-oxidation zonolysis Familiarity with mechanisms = easier to remember stereochemistry, etc. Biological Examples: zonolysis of Pulmonary Surfactant 2 ( 2 ) 14 2 ( 2 ) 14 ( 2 ) 7 =( 2 ) 7 3 ( 2 ) 7 + ( 2 ) 7 2 P 2 2 N( ) 3 2 P 2 2 N( ) 3 Pulmonary surfactant assists diffusion of 2 from air into bloodstream Surfactant = surface active agent equires both polar and nonpolar regions nonpolar portion = surfactant effect = less efficient 2 diffusion hem 14D Lecture Supplement: Addition eactions of arbon-arbon Pi Bonds Part 3 -- Page 6
7 Biological Examples: Steroid Biosynthesis Steroid skeleton: Biosynthetic pathway: Start by gathering the necessary number of carbons x 3 SoA Many enzymatic steps Acetyl oa SoA = Good leaving group 2, squalene epoxidase Squalene Squalene oxide Biological Examples: Steroid Biosynthesis Form the rings... Enzymatic protonation hem 14D Lecture Supplement: Addition eactions of arbon-arbon Pi Bonds Part 3 -- Page 7
8 Biological Examples: Steroid Biosynthesis Biological Examples: Steroid Biosynthesis Now for some carbocation fates... Enz hem 14D Lecture Supplement: Addition eactions of arbon-arbon Pi Bonds Part 3 -- Page 8
9 Biological Examples: Steroid Biosynthesis Almost done... Lanosterol 19 more enzymatic steps holesterol Precursor to all other steroids hem 14D Lecture Supplement: Addition eactions of arbon-arbon Pi Bonds Part 3 -- Page 9
4 Types of Organic Polar Reactions
Objective 12 Apply Reactivity Principles to Electrophilic Addition Reactions 1: Alkenes Identify structural features (pi bond) and electrophiles Use curved arrows to predict product 4 Types of Organic
Alkenes. Isomerism in the alkenes
Alkenes Alkenes are a family of hydrocarbons (compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only) containing a carbon-carbon double bond. The first two are: ethene 2 4 propene 3 6 You can work out the formula
Factors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules
Factors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules What are the features of the basic building blocks? (ex: monosaccharides, alcohols, fatty acids, amino acids) 1) General structure and functional groups
CHEM 261 Mar 9, same
93 EM 261 Mar 9, 2017 Review: ydrogenation The addition of 2 to an alkene Example: cyclohexene 2 Pd same or stereochemistry: 3 4 2 1 S R Aside: = deuterium = 2 (1 p + and 1 e - ) Product is a meso compound
This is an addition reaction. (Other types of reaction have been substitution and elimination). Addition reactions are typically exothermic.
Reactions of Alkenes Since bonds are stronger than bonds, double bonds tend to react to convert the double bond into bonds + X-Y X Y This is an addition reaction. (Other types of reaction have been substitution
Introduction to the Study of Lipids
Introduction to the Study of Lipids Factors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules What are the features of the basic building blocks? (ex: monosaccharides, alcohols, fatty acids, amino acids) 1) General
13. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. ORGANIC EMISTRY III) ALKENES SYNOPSIS Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. These contain a C =C. They contain two hydrogens less than corresponding alkanes. Double bonded carbon undergoes hybridisation.
Chemistry 1506: Allied Health Chemistry 2. Section 8: Lipids. Biochemical Esters and Hydrocarbons. Outline
hemistry 1506 Dr. unter s lass Section 8 Notes - Page 1/21 hemistry 1506: Allied ealth hemistry 2 Section 8: Lipids Biochemical Esters and ydrocarbons utline SETIN 8.1 INTRDUTIN...2 SETIN SETIN SETIN 8.2
Chemistry 506: Allied Health Chemistry 2. Chapter 17: Lipids. Biochemical Esters and Hydrocarbons
hemistry 506 Dr. unter s lass hapter 17. hemistry 506: Allied ealth hemistry 2 1 hapter 17: Lipids Biochemical Esters and ydrocarbons Introduction to General, rganic & Biochemistry, 5 th Edition by Bettelheim
Chapter 15 Alcohols, Diols, and Thiols
Chapter 15 Alcohols, Diols, and Thiols 15.1 Sources of Alcohols Methanol Methanol is an industrial chemical end uses: solvent, antifreeze, fuel principal use: preparation of formaldehyde Methanol Methanol
3/14/2011. Worked Example Stability of Alkenes. 7.4 Alkene Stereochemistry and the E,Z Designation
7.4 Alkene Stereochemistry and the E,Z Designation E,Z system Sequence rules used to assign priorities to the substituent groups on the double-bond carbons (alkenes) E double bond For German entgegen meaning
Chapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought
Chapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought Do you think about the food that goes into your body and how it affects you? How can you interpret the various nutrition information found in the press? What are
Alkenes are very useful in syntheses -they allow us to convert into many of the other types of functional groups.
Chapter 7: Alkenes: reactions and synthesis Alkenes are very useful in syntheses -they allow us to convert into many of the other types of functional groups. 7.1 Preparation of alkenes: preview Addition
Chapter 7- Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity. Ashley Piekarski, Ph.D. Alkene
Chapter 7- Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity Ashley Piekarski, Ph.D. Alkene What is an alkene func
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus Chemical Reactivity 120R. Organic Reactions
Boiling point (o) School of hemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-atal, Westville ampus hemical eactivity 120 rganic ALKAES Saturated hydrocarbons - contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms, where
15.1 Lipids 15.2 Fatty Acids. Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 15 Lipids 15.1 Lipids 15.2 Fatty Acids Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Lipids Lipids are biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. soluble in organic solvents, but
CHEM 263 Notes Nov 5, 2013
EM 263 Notes Nov 5, 2013 Ketone Naming Example Another naming example involves Gyrinal (shown below), which is an anti-microbial agent from the water boatman beetle (orixa species), and is toxic to fish
3/27/2011. Chapter 8 Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes. Alkene Addition Reactions. 8.1 Preparing Alkenes: A Preview of Elimination Reactions
John E. McMurry http://www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 8 Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes Richard Morrison University of Georgia, Athens Alkene Addition Reactions Alkene addition reactions Addition
Reading. Learning Objectives. How are macromolecules assembled? 8. Macromolecules I. Contents
Contents 1 Reading 2 Learning Objectives 3 How are macromolecules assembled? 4 Carbohydrates 4.1 Structural Carbohydrates 5 Lipids 5.1 Fats/Triglycerides 5.1.1 Saturated versus Unsaturated fats 5.2 Phospholipids
Oregon State University
H 223 Worksheet 9 Notes Oregon State University 1. Draw a primary alcohol and name it. OH 1-propanol Note: A primary alcohol has the form RH 2 OH; a secondary alcohol has the form R 2 H OH; and a tertiary
Chapter 20 Carboxylic Acids. Introduction
hapter 20 arboxylic Acids Introduction arbonyl (-=) and hydroxyl (-H) on the same carbon is carboxyl group. arboxyl group is usually written -H or 2 H. Aliphatic acids have an alkyl group bonded to -H.
Biological Molecules Ch 2: Chemistry Comes to Life
Outline Biological Molecules Ch 2: Chemistry Comes to Life Biol 105 Lecture 3 Reading Chapter 2 (pages 31 39) Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Amino acids and Proteins Nucleotides and Nucleic
Chapter 8 Lecture Reactions of Alkenes
Organic Chemistry, 9 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 8 Lecture Reactions of Alkenes 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes Hydrogen (H 2 ) can be added across the double bond
Chemical Basis For Life Open Ended Questions:
Chemical Basis For Life Open Ended Questions: Answer the following questions to the best of your ability: Make sure you read each question carefully and provide answers to all of the parts of the question.
Functional Group. Chapter 7 Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes. Bond Lengths and Angles. Orbital Description. Pi Bond. Elements of Unsaturation
Organic hemistry, 5 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. hapter 7 Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes Jo Blackburn Richland ollege, Dallas, TX Dallas ounty ommunity ollege District 2003, Prentice all Functional Group
CHEM 203 HOMEWORK 4 Chemistry of Alkenes - II. Answer the above questions by writing a detailed mechanism for the conversion of A into lanosterol.
EM 203 MEWK 4 hemistry of Alkenes - II 1. The following questions may have occurred to you: (i) do carbocations occur in living systems? (ii) an an olefin (a Lewis base) react with a carbocation (a Lewis
10/29/ Stability of Alkenes. Stability of Alkenes. Stability of Alkenes
7.5 Stability of cis and trans isomers Interconversion does not occur spontaneously Cis isomers are less stable than trans isomers because of the steric strain between the two larger substituents on the
Testing for Biologically Important Molecules
Testing for Biologically Important Molecules General Principles There are four major classes of organic compounds found in living organisms - arbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and ucleic Acids. The chemical
Practice Problems on Lipids
Lipids.1 Practice Problems on Lipids 1. Which one of the following compounds has the structural pattern of the naturally occurring fats or oils? a) b) c) d) 2 2 2 2 2 2 e) 2 2 2. Which of the following
Unit #2: Biochemistry
Unit #2: Biochemistry STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF FOUR MACROMOLECULES What are the four main biomolecules? How is each biomolecule structured? What are their roles in life? Where do we find them in our body?
CHEM 261 Feb. 16, stereogenic center H C C C
77 EM 261 Feb. 16, 2017 eview of hiral enters 3 quinine - anti-malarial drug from the bark of the tree inchona officinalis malaria is cause by Plasmodium species transmitted by Anopheles mosquito example.
Chapter 7 Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes. Introduction
Chapter 7 Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes Introduction ydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bonds Sometimes called olefins, oil-forming gas Planar Pi bond is the functional group. More reactive than
Lipids Definition. Definition: Water insoluble No common structure (though generally large R groups)
Lipids Definition Definition: Water insoluble No common structure (though generally large R groups) Water Solubility (Hydrophilic) What makes molecules water soluble (hydrophilic)? Like dissolves like
Biological role of lipids
Lipids Lipids Organic compounds present in living organisms, insoluble in water but able to be extracted by organic solvents such as: chloroform, acetone, benzene. Extraction = the action of taking out
Lipids do not like water! (aka: hydrophobic) Generally insoluble
Lipids Lipids Lipids do not like water! (aka: hydrophobic) Generally insoluble Lipids They act like this because of their molecular structure (non-polar) Lipids are made mostly of C and H atoms, with O
Chapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought
Chapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought Do you think about the food that goes into your body and how it affects you? How can you interpret the various nutrition information found in the press? What are
Oxidizing Alcohols. Questions. Prediction. Analysis. Safety Precautions. Materials. Conclusions. Procedure. 74 MHR Unit 1 Organic Chemistry
xidizing Alcohols SKILL FUS Predicting Performing and recording Analyzing and interpreting Acidified potassium permanganate solution, KMn 4(aq), acts as an oxidizing agent when it comes in contact with
Lipids are used to store and excess energy from extra carbohydrates in animals
Lipids Lipids are a major source of energy used by cells, however lipids are more difficult for your body to break down. They produce nearly twice the amount of energy than proteins or carbohydrates. Lipids
Naturally occurring compounds that are typically of low molecular weight and are hydrophobic (soluble in organic solvent).
hapter 27. Biomolecules: Lipids aturally occurring compounds that are typically of low molecular weight and are hydrophobic (soluble in organic solvent). fatty acids and waxes essential oils many vitamins
Chemistry B11 Chapters 15 Lipids
Chapters 15 ipids ipids: are family of biomolecules that have the common property of being soluble in organic solvents but not in water. Role of lipids: they have three important roles in nature: 1. They
Radicals. Structure and Stability of Radicals. Radicals are formed from covalent bonds by adding energy in the form of heat (Δ) or light (hν).
Radicals Chapter 15 A small but significant group of reactions involve radical intermediates. A radical is a reactive intermediate with a single unpaired electron, formed by homolysis of a covalent bond.
4,5,9/99 Neuman Chapter 21. Chapter 21 Lipids
Chapter 21 Lipids from Organic Chemistry by Robert C. Neuman, Jr. Professor of Chemistry, emeritus University of California, Riverside orgchembyneuman@yahoo.com
Diverse Reactions of Alkenes
Chapter 8- Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis Ashley Piekarski, Ph.D. Diverse Reactions of Alkenes Alkenes react with many electrophiles to give useful products by addiaon (ocen through special reagents)
3.9 Carbohydrates. Provide building materials and energy storage. Are molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
3.9 Carbohydrates Provide building materials and energy storage Are molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio Are of two main types Simple carbohydrates Complex carbohydrates
May 13, 2017 Data Back Ban of Artificial Trans Fats
EDUCATOR GUIDE May 13, 2017 Data Back Ban of Artificial Trans Fats Cross-Curricular Discussion After students have had a chance to review the article Data back ban of artificial trans fats, lead a classroom
SORACHAI SAE-LIM SORACHAI SAE-LIM
1 Alkenes 2 1.Dehydrohalogenation ของ alkyl halide ซ งเก ดปฏ ก ร ยาผ าน ซงเกดปฏกรยาผาน E2 ซ งปฏ ก ร ยาด งกล าวเก ดข นโดยใช เบส 3 Ex 1. H 3 C H C CH 3 C Br C 2 H 5 ONa / C 2 H 5 OH H CH 3 C 2 H 5 O CH 3
* H W-M 1,3-alkyl shift * * *
FPP squalene synthase allylic cation 1' PP 2' 3' FPP electrophilic addition results tertiary cation PP loss of proton with formation of cyclopropane ring PP presqualene PP loss of diphosphate results in
Introduction to Lipid Chemistry
Introduction to Lipid Chemistry Benjamin Schwartz Ontario SCC Education Day September 18, 2018 Lipid knowledge for the personal care industry What is a Lipid? Lipids are fatty acids and their derivatives,
Chemistry 1050 Exam 3 Study Guide
Chapter 12 Chemistry 1050 Exam 3 Study Guide 12.1 a) Identify alkenes, alkynes and aromatics as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Determine the number of hydrogen atoms needed to complete an alkene structure.
4,5,9/99 Neuman Chapter 21
21: Lipids Structures of Lipids Biosynthesis of Lipids Preview Lipids are biological molecules soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ethers. They include fats, oils, waxes, terpenes, steroids,
Trans-Free Products with Palm Oil Based Solutions
Trans-Free Products with Palm Oil Based Solutions A S S I S T A N T P R O F. D R. F A R I Y E M I S C I O G L U E G E U N I V E R S I T Y F O O D E N G I N E E R I N G D E P A R T M E N T K u s a d a s
Chapter Sections: 3.1 Carbon s Place in the Living World 3.2 Functional Groups 3.3 Carbohydrates 3.4 Lipids 3.5 Proteins 3.
Chapter Sections: 3.1 Carbon s Place in the Living World 3.2 Functional Groups 3.3 Carbohydrates 3.4 Lipids 3.5 Proteins 3.6 Nucleic Acids Student Goals: By the end of this lecture series, students should
Chapter 12 Alkenes & Alkynes. Organic and BioChem
hapter 12 Alkenes & Alkynes Organic and Biohem Section 12.1 Introduction Unsaturated ydrocarbons ontain one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds 3 6? 2 2? Three lasses of Unsaturated ydrocarbons
Emulsification. An Introduction to the Emulsification of Lipids within a Watery Environment. By Noel Ways
Emulsification An Introduction to the Emulsification of Lipids within a Watery Environment By Noel Ways To begin the process of understanding emulsification, let's start with water. First, we note that
Lipids: Fats, Oils & Waxes: AP Biology
Lipids: Fats, Oils & Waxes: Lipids long term energy storage concentrated energy *9 Cal/gram Lipids: Triglycerides Lipids are composed of C, H, O u long hydrocarbon chains (H-C) Family groups u fats u phospholipids
For questions 1-4, match the carbohydrate with its size/functional group name:
Chemistry 11 Fall 2009 Examination #5 ANSWER KEY For the first portion of this exam, select the best answer choice for the questions below and mark the answers on your scantron. Then answer the free response
Definition: Water insoluble No common structure (though generally large R groups)
Lipids Definition Definition: Water insoluble No common structure (though generally large R groups) Water Solubility (Hydrophilic) What makes molecules water soluble (hydrophilic)? Like dissolves like
UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
hemistry 52 hapter 20 UNSATURATED YDROARBONS The unsaturated hydrocarbons consist of three families of homologous compounds that contain multiple bonds between carbon atoms. Alkenes contain carbon carbon
EH1008 Biomolecules. Inorganic & Organic Chemistry. Water. Lecture 2: Inorganic and organic chemistry.
EH1008 Biomolecules Lecture 2: Inorganic and organic chemistry limian.zheng@ucc.ie 1 Inorganic & Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry: generally, substances that do not contain carbon Inorganic molecules:
BIOB111_CHBIO - Tutorial activity for Session 12
BIOB111_CHBIO - Tutorial activity for Session 12 General topic for week 6 Session 12 Lipids Useful Links: 1. Animations on Cholesterol (its synthesis, lifestyle factors, LDL) http://www.wiley.com/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cholesterol/cholesterol.htm
Saba Al Fayoumi. Nour Hamdan. Bann Khraisat. Dr. Mamoun Ahram
9 Saba Al Fayoumi Nour Hamdan Bann Khraisat Dr. Mamoun Ahram Proteoglycans and glycoproteins have been previously discussed and the differences between them have been noted. Protein glycosylation (protein-linked
Organohalides and Applications of Free Radical Reactions. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Organohalides and Applications of Free Radical Reactions Dr. Sapna Gupta Applications of Radical Reactions Since these reactions are hard to control they have few practical applications. This does not
Chapter 3 Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes. Classification Review. Alkenes: Structure and Stereochem Slide 3-2
hapter 3 Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes lassification Review Alkenes: Structure and Stereochem Slide 3-2 1 Alkane Structural Formulas All - single bonds Saturated with hydrogens (no pi bonds)
teachers notes Answers to questions on Pupil sheets AO2: 1. A bar chart is the most suitable method of displaying the information.
teachers notes AO2.1 AO2. Fats This exercise revises information on the structure of fats and encourages pupils to improve their diet with respect to fats. Some pupils may be over concerned with their
Replacement Of Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil By Palm Oil In Margarine Without Unfavorable Effects On Serum Lipoproteins
Replacement Of Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil By Palm Oil In Margarine Without Unfavorable Effects On Serum Lipoproteins Muller H, Jordal O, et al. (998) Replacement of partially hydrogenated soybean
Organic Molecules. 1. The structural formulas shown represent certain organic compounds found in living cells.
Name: ate: 1. The structural formulas shown represent certain organic compounds found in living cells. 1. (1) () (3) Which formula represents a monosaccharide? (4) (5). 1.. 3. 5. Which formula represents
QUESTION 1 Fats and oils vary in their degree of solubility in aqueous solutions. Give a reason for this observation.
QUESTIN 1 Fats and oils vary in their degree of solubility in aqueous solutions. Give a reason for this observation. QUESTIN Why are fatty acids such as palmitic acid, insoluble in water, while ethanoic
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Interchapter G Unsaturated ydrocarbons FPO aption TK. G. unsaturated ydrocarbons G1 In this Interchapter, we shall continue our introduction to organic chemistry by discussing unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Chapter 3: Macromolecules. 1. Carbohydrates. Polysaccharides. Maltose is a disaccharide. Macromolecules (in general) Most macromolecules are polymers
Chapter 3: Macromolecules Macromolecules is just a fancy word for: Giant Molecules Made From Smaller Building Blocks Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Macromolecules (in general) Most macromolecules
Macromolecules_p1.notebook. September 13, Functional Groups. Monomers and polymers. Monosaccharides. Starch. Starch and glycogen
Macromolecules_p.notebook Macromolecules are huge molecules made of thousands of smaller molecules. (polymer) (monomer) (Aldehyde) Monomers (Ketone) (alcohol) Polymer (carboxylic acid) large molecules
Organic ChemI 3444Q, Columbia U, Su92, Exam 4 - Final Exam, 08/13/92; Dr. I.J. Borowitz 1
olumbia University 92RG24.D EM S3444Q Summer 1992 Professor Irving J. Borowitz Exam No. 4 August13, 1992 Name: Grade: Please use a non-red pen. Answer questions in the provided space. If you write any
Additional problems: 1. Match and label the conjugate acid and base pairs in the following reactions. Which one of these systems is a good buffer?
1 ESA Biochemistry Fall 2001 eview problems for the first exam Acid/Base chemistry Sections to review: 10.2,.3,.4,.6.9,.12,.13 omplete the following sentences 1. 2 3 is a acid. 2. The anion of a weak acid
3150:112 SAMPLE TEST 2. Print out a copy Answer the questions on your own. Check the answers at GOBC Ans.pdf. Good Luck!
SAMPLE TEST 2 3150:112 Print out a copy Answer the questions on your own. Check the answers at GOBC Ans.pdf. Good Luck! QUESTIONS 1-3 REFER TO TE FOLLOWING: A. C 2 O O B. C 2 O O O C 2 O C. O C 2 O 1.
OBJECTIVE. Lipids are largely hydrocarbon derivatives and thus represent
Paper 4. Biomolecules and their interactions Module 20: Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Nomenclature of fatty acids and Essential and non-essential fatty acids OBJECTIVE The main aim of this module
cis-δ 3 -enoyl CoA TCA cycle
ession 15 - hemical Interlude - Why did we have to use a thioester (Fcyl o)? -- The reverse reaction (decarboxylation of β-keto acid) is VEY favorable. 2 βkt o X 2 annot do this with a carboxylic acid
2.3. Carbon-Based Molecules. Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties. 28 Holt McDougal Biology
section 2.3 arbon-based Molecules Key oncept arbon-based molecules are the foundation of life. 9A arbon atoms have unique bonding properties. Most molecules that make up living things are based on carbon
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation - In Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, we ve made a lot of reduced cofactors NADH and FADH 2 - In oxidative phosphorylation, we use the energy generated
Understanding Ingredients. Fats and Oils
Understanding Ingredients Fats and Oils Topics Types of Fats and Oils Structures of Fats and Oils Nutritive Value of Fats and Oils Choice and Storage of Fats and Oils Uses of Fats and Oils in Cooking /
Topic 6 : Structures and Reactions of Hydrocarbons Revised April Alkanes (General formula : C x H 2x+2 )
6/1 Topic 6 : Structures and Reactions of ydrocarbons Revised April 1995 ydrocarbons all contain arbon and ydrogen only. There are various families of hydrocarbons (subsets of the set of hydrocarbons)
2. Which of the following is NOT true about carbohydrates
Chemistry 11 Fall 2011 Examination #5 For the first portion of this exam, select the best answer choice for the questions below and mark the answers on your scantron. Then answer the free response questions
GUTS Lecture Syllabus for Lipid Structure and Nomenclature
GUTS Lecture Syllabus for Lipid Structure and Nomenclature For Questions or Assistance contact: Dr. Gwen Sancar, gsancar@ad.unc.edu Learning bjectives After completing the GUTS lecture and associated self-
Nutrition, Food, and Fitness. Chapter 6 Fats: A Concentrated Energy Source
Nutrition, Food, and Fitness Chapter 6 Fats: A Concentrated Energy Source Tools: Printer (color optional) 4 sheets of 8.5 x 11 paper Scissors Directions: 1. Print 2. Fold paper in half vertically 3. Cut
MCQS ON LIPIDS. Dr. RUCHIKA YADU
MCQS ON LIPIDS Dr. RUCHIKA YADU Q1. THE FATS AND OILS ARE RESPECTIVELY RICH IN a) Unsaturated fatty acids b) Saturated fatty acids c) Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids d) None of these Q2. ESSENTIAL
NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*)
NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*) (*)1. An organic compound is one that: a. contains carbon b. is slightly acidic c. forms long chains d. is soluble
Biomolecules. Unit 3
Biomolecules Unit 3 Atoms Elements Compounds Periodic Table What are biomolecules? Monomers vs Polymers Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Minerals Vitamins Enzymes Triglycerides Chemical Reactions
CELLULAR METABOLISM. Metabolic pathways can be linear, branched, cyclic or spiral
CHM333 LECTURE 24 & 25: 3/27 29/13 SPRING 2013 Professor Christine Hrycyna CELLULAR METABOLISM What is metabolism? - How cells acquire, transform, store and use energy - Study reactions in a cell and how
H O. rapidly reduces. They dissolve. because they can hydrogen bond to the water molecules.
3.9 arboxylic Acids and Derivatives Naming arboxylic acids These have the ending oic acid but no number is necessary for the acid group as it must always be at the end of the chain. The numbering always
2013 W. H. Freeman and Company. 10 Lipids
2013 W. H. Freeman and Company 10 Lipids CHAPTER 10 Lipids Key topics: Biological roles of lipids Structure and properties of storage lipids Structure and properties of membrane lipids Structure and properties
Lipids, pt. 1. Feb. 3, Bio 28: Nutrition Instructor: Paul Nagami Laney College
Lipids, pt. 1 Feb. 3, 2014 Bio 28: Nutrition Instructor: Paul Nagami Laney College Today s Agenda Reminders + Administrative Details What Are Lipids? Chemistry and Types of Lipids Fatty Acids Saturated
FATS & OILS GLOSSARY
FATS & OILS GLOSSARY Antioxidant A substance that slows or interferes with the reaction of a fat or oil with oxygen. The addition of antioxidants to fats or foods containing them retard rancidity and increases
FAT. Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology
FAT Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology OBJECTIVES LECTURE By the end of this lecture, student can: Define what is lipid/fat
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules CARBON BASED MOLECULES
CARBON BASED MOLECULES KEY CONCEPTS Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life. Lipids are one class of organic molecules. This group includes fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Lipids are made of
BIOCHEMISTRY. How Are Macromolecules Formed? Dehydration Synthesis or condensation reaction Polymers formed by combining monomers and removing water.
BIOCHEMISTRY Organic compounds Compounds that contain carbon are called organic. Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent bonds with as
Competitive Inhibitor
is a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics. Competitive Inhibitor Identify the following molecule: Polysaccharide
LIP I I P D I S & PROTEINS
LIPIDS & PROTEINS I. LIPIDS: Foods: butter, oil, Crisco, lard Commonly called fats & oils Contain more C-H bonds and less O atoms than carbohydrates. Ex: C 57 H 110 O 6 Nonpolar; therefore repel water
6/15/2015. Biological Molecules. Outline. Organic Compounds. Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules. What is organic?
Biological Molecules Biology 105 Lecture 3 Reading: Chapter 2 (pages 29 39) Outline Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Amino Acids and Proteins Nucleotides
Lipids fatty, oily, or waxy hydrophobic organic compounds.
Lipids Lipids Lipids fatty, oily, or waxy hydrophobic organic compounds. u long hydrocarbon chain u composed of CHO Diverse group u fats u oils u waxes u steroids Do not form polymers u big molecules made
History. Aron first proposed that fat may be essential for normal growth Tested on animals-vitamins A,D,E added. Fat deficiency severely affected
Chapter 5 LIPIDS History 1918 Aron first proposed that fat may be essential for normal growth Tested on animals-vitamins A,D,E added Fat deficiency severely affected Bone growth Reproduction Called Vitamin
Carbon s Bonding Pattern
Organic Compounds It used to be thought that only living things could synthesize the complicated carbon compounds found in cells German chemists in the 1800 s learned how to do this in the lab, showing
Lipids Types, Food Sources, Functions
Lipids Types, Food Sources, Functions What Are Lipids? Lipids Diverse group of molecules that are insoluble in water Fats The lipid content of diets and foods 1 Lipids in Body Cells and Tissues Types of