Chem Lecture 5 Catalytic Strategies Part 3
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1 Chem 52 - Lecture 5 Catalytic Strategies Part 3 Question of the Day: Transition states in enzyme catalyzed reactions are usually very unstable and therefore hard to observe. What was the trick used by investigators to observe the transition state for the the hydrolyis of ATP by the myosin motor domain ATPase? Enzymes exhibit both catalytic power and specificity We will consider closely, four examples. 2 Some Basic Catalytic Principles Covalent Catalysis General Acid/Base Catalysis Catalysis by Approximation Metal Ion Catalysis Transition State Stabilization 3 Chymotrypsin (1gct) A Hydrolase, which cleaves peptide bonds in proteins Carbonic anhydrase (1ca2) A Lyase, which adds water to CO 2. EcoRV (1rvb) A Hydrolase, which cleave phosphodiester bonds in An enzyme that couples the hydrolysis of ATP to the
2 Chymotrypsin (1gct) A Hydrolase, which cleaves peptide bonds in proteins Carbonic anhydrase (1ca2) A Lyase, which adds water to CO 2. EcoRV (1rvb) A Hydrolase, which cleave phosphodiester bonds in An enzyme that couples the hydrolysis of ATP to the Chymotrypsin (1gct) A Hydrolase, which cleaves peptide bonds in proteins Carbonic anhydrase (1ca2) A Lyase, which adds water to CO 2. EcoRV (1rvb) A Hydrolase, which cleave phosphodiester bonds in An enzyme that couples the hydrolysis of ATP to the Chymotrypsin (1gct) A Hydrolase, which cleaves peptide bonds in proteins Carbonic anhydrase (1ca2) A Lyase, which adds water to CO 2. EcoRV (1rvb) A Hydrolase, which cleave phosphodiester bonds in An enzyme that couples the hydrolysis of ATP to the Chymotrypsin (1gct) A Hydrolase, which cleaves peptide bonds in proteins Carbonic anhydrase (1ca2) A Lyase, which adds water to CO 2. EcoRV (1rvb) A Hydrolase, which cleave phosphodiester bonds in An enzyme that couples the hydrolysis of ATP to the
3 Chymotrypsin (1gct) A Hydrolase, which cleaves peptide bonds in proteins Carbonic anhydrase (1ca2) A Lyase, which adds water to CO 2. EcoRV (1rvb) A Hydrolase, which cleave phosphodiester bonds in An enzyme that couples the hydrolysis of ATP to the Chymotrypsin (1gct) A Hydrolase, which cleaves peptide bonds in proteins Carbonic anhydrase (1ca2) A Lyase, which adds water to CO 2. EcoRV (1rvb) A Hydrolase, which cleave phosphodiester bonds in An enzyme that couples the hydrolysis of ATP to the Chymotrypsin (1gct) A Hydrolase, which cleaves peptide bonds in proteins Carbonic anhydrase (1ca2) A Lyase, which adds water to CO2. EcoRV (1rvb) A Hydrolase, which cleave phosphodiester bonds in (Chapter 9) An enzyme that couples the hydrolysis of ATP to the 5 ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell. The hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive many unfavorable processes Reactions (ligases) Transport across membranes Mechanical motion For example, pyruvate carboxylase Couples the hydrolysis of ATP to the formation of a carbon-carbon bond. O O H3C C C OH + CO 2 + ATP + H 2O Pyruvate O O HO C CH2 C OH + ADP + Pi Oxaloacetae 6
4 couples the hydrolysis of ATP to ΔGo = -32 kj/molk couples the hydrolysis of ATP to ΔGo = -32 kj/molk couples the hydrolysis of ATP to ΔGo = -32 kj/molk couples the hydrolysis of ATP to ΔGo = -32 kj/molk
5 couples the hydrolysis of ATP to ΔGo = -32 kj/molk couples the hydrolysis of ATP to ΔGo = -32 kj/molk couples the hydrolysis of ATP to ΔGo = -32 kj/molk with ATP bound did not reveal how the γ-phosphate would be attacked by water. An overlay with and without ATP 8
6 with a transition state analogue for ATP revealed a mechanism VO3- + ADP was substituted for ATP. 9 In order to stabilize the transition state the Myosin II ATPase must undergo a marked conformational change 10 with a transition state analogue for ATP revealed a mechanism VO3- + ADP was substituted for ATP. 11 with a transition state analogue for ATP revealed a mechanism VO3- + ADP was substituted for ATP. 11
7 with a transition state analogue for ATP revealed a mechanism VO3- + ADP was substituted for ATP. 11 Many NPTase share a similar binding domain for the nucleotide, and contains a peptide look called the P-loop 12 Many NPTase share a similar binding domain for the nucleotide, and contains a peptide look called the P-loop 13 Many NPTase share a similar binding domain for the nucleotide, and contains a peptide look called the P-loop 13
8 Many NPTase share a similar binding domain for the nucleotide, and contains a peptide look called the P-loop 13 Next up Regulatory Strategies (Chapter 10) 1
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