Deoxyarbutin. Product Data sheet DEFINITIONDEFINITIO DEFINITION

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Page1 Deoxyarbutin Product Data sheet DEFINITIONDEFINITIO DEFINITION Before we discuss the skin lighteners, a brief review of skin color and melanin biosynthesis would be helpful.

Within the melanocytes melanin is bound to a protein matrix to form melanosomers, where tyrosinase converts tyrosine to eumelanin (black pigment) or pheomelanin (yellowish and reddish pigment). Fig.

1 that tyrosinase plays a critical catalytic role in multiple reaction steps of the melanin biosynthesis process.

1 Page1 Deoxyarbutin Product Data sheet DEFINITIONDEFINITIO DEFINITION Before we discuss the skin lighteners, a brief review of skin color and melanin biosynthesis would be helpful. Skin color is mainly determined by the amount of melanin present in the skin. Melanin is synthesized in melanocytes that are normally found in the epidermal basal layer. Within the melanocytes melanin is bound to a protein matrix to form melanosomers, where tyrosinase converts tyrosine to eumelanin (black pigment) or pheomelanin (yellowish and reddish pigment). Fig.1 illustrates the pathways of melanin biosynthesis in the melanocytes, which are a chain of oxidative reactions catalyzed by enzymes. It is clear from Fig.1 that tyrosinase plays a critical catalytic role in multiple reaction steps of the melanin biosynthesis process. By inactivating the tyrosinase activity, or blocking the chain reaction at the various points of the pathways, skin lighteners can inhibit or even reverse melanin biosynthesis, and are thus useful in whitening or lightening the human skin. Skin lightening agents can also be used to treat local hyperpigmention or spots that are caused by a local increase in melanin synthesis or uneven distribution. Figure 1. Melanin-biosynthesis pathways

2 Page2 Technical in formation Product Name :Deoxyarbutin Chemical Name :4-[(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]phenol CAS No. : Molecule structure : Chemical formula :C 11 H 14 O 3 Molecular weight : g/mole. Appearance :white or almost white powder Melting point/melting range:82-87 ๐ C Use Level :Recommendatory amount of usage: % Application :lightening agents Recommended ph level :6-7 Solubility :Alcohol, Fat Stabilization by using additives : It is very delicate material which is easily oxidized. In order to prevent the oxidation of Deoxyarbutin and keep the formula effective, the use of antioxidant agent is highly recommended. Anti-oxidant : Sodium metabisulfite( %) Features and benefits Deoxyarbutin (da), a synthetic form of arbutin synthesized without the hydroxyl moiety, provides a promising treatment forreducing skin hyperpigmentation [1]. da shows reversible inhibition of tyrosinase activity with associated skin lightening in both a hairless guinea pig model system and in human skin. The reversibility of da s impact on skin pigmentation suggests that the compound does not permanently destroy melanocytes [2,3,4]. In addition to the reported efficacy, Hamedet al. have found that dais less cytotoxic/cytostatic than HQ in treatment of cultured human melanocytes [5]. Chawlaet al.have reported that da and associated second-generation derivatives, dosedependently inhibit tyrosinase hydroxylation and DOPAoxidase activity of tyrosinase. This may be attributed to the chemical structure of da, as the deoxysugars may increase skin penetration and binding affinity for tyrosinase [2,3].

Page3 In vitro test Effects ofdeoxyarbutin and Hydroquinone of tyrosinase inhibitor An assay was developed to measure the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA by mushroom tyrosinase with quantitative

3 Page3 In vitro test Effects ofdeoxyarbutin and Hydroquinone of tyrosinase inhibitor An assay was developed to measure the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA by mushroom tyrosinase with quantitative detection by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This assay was used to determine the effective concentration range and strength of inhibition (Ki). 20 ml of mushroom tyrosinasesolution added to 10 ml of DOPAsolution 4 Lightening active ingredient (ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 µm) plus 200 ml of tyrosine (10 µm) - Deoxyarbutin - Hydroquinone - Arbutin - Kojic acid They added and incubated for an additional 22 min.detection by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vivo test Skin lightening Test Skin lightening activity of Deoxyarbutin with the other brightening ingredients Evaluation for topical effect on skin pigmentation of a guinea pig model. 4 Lightening active ingredient - Deoxyarbutin 3% - Hydroquinone 3% - Arbutin 3% - Kojic acid 3% Guinea pig skin were treated daily with lightening active ingredient for 9 week The measurement by Chromameter Photographs at the 9-week time point of skin areas treated with vehicle, da, Hydroquinone, Arbutin, and KojicAcid respectively.

Page4 Skin lightening recovery Test Skin lightening activity of Deoxyarbutin various dosage. Evaluation for topical effect on skin pigmentation of a guinea pig model. 4 various dosage.

3% - Deoxyarbutin1% - Deoxyarbutin 3% Guinea pig skin were treated daily with lightening active ingredient for 6 week The measurement by Chromameter The reversibility of Deoxyarbutin s impact on skin

4 Page4 Skin lightening recovery Test Skin lightening activity of Deoxyarbutin various dosage. Evaluation for topical effect on skin pigmentation of a guinea pig model. 4 various dosage. - Deoxyarbutin 0.1% - Deoxyarbutin 0.3% - Deoxyarbutin1% - Deoxyarbutin 3% Guinea pig skin were treated daily with lightening active ingredient for 6 week The measurement by Chromameter The reversibility of Deoxyarbutin s impact on skin pigmentation suggests that the compound does not permanently destroy melanocytes after treatment discontinued. Safety Test Viability and morphology of normal human fibroblasts and keratinocytes were less significantly affected by Deoxyarbutin compared to Hydroquinone Test. Evaluation for topical effect on Human fibroblasts and keratinocytes cultures. 3Ingredient - Deoxyarbutin 25 µm - Hydroquinone25 µm - DMSO 25 µm (vehicle alone) Human fibroblasts and keratinocytes cultures were treated daily with Deoxyarbutin and Hydroquinone for 5 day The measurement by Photographs of viability and morphology of normal human fibroblasts and keratinocytes Photographs at the 5day time point of viability and morphology of normal human fibroblasts and keratinocytes after treats Deoxyarbutin and Hydroquinone Acute Toxicity Test of Deoxyarbutin Deoxyarbutin dispersed in (propylene glycol). 6-7 rats per one group were used in the test. 2 group - 6 females - 7 males Single-dose oral toxicity of da Test acute toxic after 7 days of administration Results :males andfemales rats served for 4 day - LD50 = 367 mg/kg in males - LD50 = 314 mg/kg in females

Page5 Packaging Packaging sites : Storage - 1kg/bag, aluminum foil bag and PE bag lining. - 20bags/drum, paper fiber drum. Storage conditions : - Keep container tightly sealed.

New and experimental treatments of cloasma and other hypermelanoses. Dermatol.Clin.2007, 25, 353-362. 2. Solano, F.; Briganti, S.; Picardo, M.; Ghanem, G.

5 Page5 Packaging Packaging sites : Storage - 1kg/bag, aluminum foil bag and PE bag lining. - 20bags/drum, paper fiber drum. Storage conditions : - Keep container tightly sealed. - Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers. Notes : - Store away from oxidizing agents. - Shield from light. References : 1. Picardo, M.; Carrera, M. New and experimental treatments of cloasma and other hypermelanoses. Dermatol.Clin.2007, 25, Solano, F.; Briganti, S.; Picardo, M.; Ghanem, G. Hypopigmenting agents: An updated review on biological, chemical and clinical aspects. Pigment Cell Res. 2006, 90, Chawla, S.; delong, M.; Visscher, M.; Wickett, R.; Manga, P.; Boissy, R. Mechanism of tyrosinase inhibition by deoxyarbutin and its second-generation derivatives. Br. J. Dermatol. 2008, 159, Boissy, R.; Visscher, M.; DeLong, M. DeoxyArbutin: A novel reversible tyrosinase inhibitor with effective in vivo skin lightening potency. Exp. Dermatol. 2005, 14, Hamed, S.; Sriwiriyanont, P.; delong, M.; Visscher, M.; Wickett, R.; Boissy, R. Comparative efficacy and safety of deoxyarbutin, a new tyrosinase-inhibiting agent. J. Cos. Sci. 2006, 57,

NanoWhite Triple activity for skin brightening

NanoWhite Triple activity for skin brightening Market Overview Skin discolorations are today considered to be an aging sign like wrinkles, a decreased cell renewal rate or loss of firmness. Whitening =