Summary of Synchrotron for Hadron Therapy

Transcription

1 Summary of Synchrotron for Hadron Therapy April 30, 09 Koji Noda 1. G.H. Rees ; A New Tracking Gantry-Synchrotron Idea 2. K. Noda ; Overview of NIRS Accelerator Activity 3. T. Haberer ; The Heidelberg Ion Therapy Centre 4. K. Hiramoto; PROBEAT, Hitachi Proton-Therapy System 5. S. Peggs ; Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron 6. M. Pullia ; The Design of CNAO 7. J. Wei ; Recent Ion-Beam Therapy Proposals in China 8. M. Herforth; Synchrotron based on PT Solutions from Siemens AG Synchrotron types as mentioned above are categorized to two groups: A)Rapid Cycle Synchrotron B)Slow Cycle Synchrotron

2 1) RCS by Peggs Hz repetition rate required through spot-scanning experiences. Small beam size & Lighter Gantry

3 Not so rapid, but 5 Hz dual rings 2) RCS by Rees. 5 Hz synchrotrons (low voltage rf systems) C 1 = m C 2 = m Apertures: 42 x 60 mm 2 C 4+ Hˉ steering to foils H + continuous extraction C 6+ Inner ring: Hˉ ions MeV/u RFQ linac injector for Hˉ and C 4+ Inner ring: C MeV/u Outer ring: C MeV/u

4 Features of the 5 Hz rings 2) RCS by Rees Each ring has six FODO combined function lattice cells Ring magnets have small (42 mm x 60 mm) apertures Injection of Hˉ or C 4+ to Ring 1 is from a common RFQ Ring 1 has 1-turn Hˉ injection & outward stripping ejection Ring 1 has 1-turn injection for C 4+ ions and fast extraction Ring 2 has fast inject of C 4+ & inward C 6+ stripping ejection Max. field in Ring 1 is < 5 kg for low, Hˉ Lorentz stripping Both rings require vacuum pressures of a few x Torr

5 3) RCS by Wei Debates in possible approaches Goal: ion-beam therapy with capability of 3D stereo-tactic scanning At least 5 ways to build the machine Cyclotron with mechanical degrader: PSI practice Slow-cycling synchrotron with energyprogramming slow extraction: GSI practice Rapid cycling synchrotron: resonance acceleration with adjustable extraction timing FFAG-ring based Linac based

6 Rationale to choose the RCS approach Well established technology proven example of ISIS (50Hz), J-PARC (25Hz) New to the therapy world smaller beam size, lighter gantry (e.g. Peggs) Share the R&D efforts in China China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) Primary challenge: Lower cost (30 50%), quality production World-wide collaboration, domestic fabrication Possible weakness: Large amount of RF (C: < 100 kv for 50 Hz) 3) RCS by Wei

7 3) RCS by Wei Energy Modulation Ion Therapy (EMIT) layout Repetition:50Hz RF_V : 16 <100

8 Lanzhou HIRFL-CSR Layout 1) SCS by Wei SSC PDC SFC Deeply seated tumor 430MeV/n C Cooler-Synchrotron K=450 TR1 HIRFL TL1 T1 K= Tm (128.8m) 500MeV/u U 92+ TR2 TL2 RIBLL2 TR3 TR4 TR5 RIBLL1 Surface tumor 100MeV/n C 12.1 Tm (161m) 1.1GeV/u C Gev--p PT Cooling Stacking Variable Energy

9 The Heidelberg Ion Therapy Centre 2) SCS by Haberer

10 HIT / Synchrotron 2) SCS by Haberer treatment both with low and Multiple high LET-ions extraction fast change of ion species 0,5 bis 10 sec 3 treatment areas to treat a large number of patients integration of an isocentric gantry ion-species : p, He, C, O ion-range (in water) : mm ion-energy (*) : MeV/u extraction-time : 1-10 s beam-diameter : 4-10 mm (h/v) intensity (ions/spill)(*) : 1*10 6 to 4*10 10 (*) (dependent upon ion species) Multiturn injection Th. Haberer, Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center

11 IMPT Beam Scanning 2) SCS by Haberer pencil beam library: ions : p 3 He C 6 16 O 8+ energies (MeV/u) : (255 steps,1.0/1.5 mm) beam spot size : 4 10 (20) mm, 2d-gaussian ( 4 (6) steps) (up to 20 mm for moving organ treatments) intensity variation: chopper system in front of the RFQ, variation factor: 1000 active energy variation: in the synchrotron + high-energy beam lines beam size variation: quads directly in front of the scanning systems beam extraction: established RF-knock-out method (Himac > 10 years) gives high stability in time, position and spot size extraction switchable at flat-top level Th. Haberer, Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center

12 synchrotron 2) SCS by Haberer high energy beam transport Accelerator & Gantry have already been fully commissioned. First treatment is scheduled on October 09

13 Revised HIT Accelerator Design by Siemens The HIT accelerator design has been modified To improve technical capabilities To reduce const ruction and operating costs Examples 1) 12dipoles(each8tons) instead of 6(each25tons) cost reduction,easier installation and handling 2) Smaller and lighter quadrupoles cost reduction,less power consumption 3) Optimized injection and extraction system Higher intensity,shorter treatment times 4) 3sources more flexibility,other ions species 3) SCS by Herforth

14 New Project by Siemens 3) SCS by Herforth Marburg Kiel

15 4) SCS by Marco CNAO Synchrotron for light ions (z 6) Active scanning Range 27 g/cm 2 3 treatment rooms Space for 2 gantries Injector: GSI design Synchrotron: PIMMS design

16 How it looks in reality 4) SCS by Marco

17 4) SCS by Marco Basic Parameters I Protons (< per spill) LEBT (*) MEBT SYNC HEBT Energy [MeV/u] Imax [A] (0.65, 0.43) Imin [A] (0.65, 0.43) ε rms,geo [π mm mrad] (V) ε tot,geo [π mm mrad] (V) 5.0 (H) Magnetic rigidity [T m] (0.026, 0.039) (Δp/p) tot ±1.0 ±( ) ±( ) ±( ) * (H + 2, H + 3 )

18 4) SCS by Marco Basic Parameters II Carbon (< per spill) LEBT (C 4+ ) MEBT SYNC HEBT Energy [MeV/u] Imax [A] Imin [A] ε rms,geo [π mm mrad] (V) ε tot,geo [π mm mrad] (V) 5.0 (H) Magnetic rigidity [T m] (Δp/p) tot ±1.0 ±( ) ±( ) ±( )

19 4) SCS by Marco Synchrotron MeV p MeV/u C I ~ ma (p) I ~ ma (C) Slow extraction Betatron core

20 4) SCS by Marco HEBT MeV p MeV/u C p/spill (~2nA) C/spill (~0.4nA) different settings for Treatment Line Horizontal beam size Vertical beam size Extraction energy Settings interpolation

21 Charged Particle Therapy in Japan - based on synchrotron - WBERC(H) Fukui(M) S_Tohoku(M) Gunma(M) Heavy ion Kagoshima(M) Tsukuba(H) Chiba Heavy ion (under construction) Proton Proton (under construction) Other plans (not funded) Hyogo(M) Nagoya(H) Shizuoka(M)

22 HITACHI PBT System 5) SCS by Hiramoto z Injector : LINAC 7 MeV z Synchrotron : Slow Cycle and Slow Extraction z High Energy Beam Transport z Irradiation System: Rotating Gantry /Fixed Course Beam Transport Synchrotron Irradiation System: (Rotating Gantry ) Injector: LINAC

23 University of Tsukuba - Two Passive Nozzles with Rotating Gantries - Operation Started in ) SCS by Hiramoto Treatment Room - Over 1000 Patients Treated Rotating 39m Gantries Synchrotron (70-250MeV) Exp. Room

24 M.D. Anderson Cancer Center 5) SCS by Hiramoto - Three Rotating Gantry and One Fixed Beam Rooms > Spot Scanning : G3, and Passive : G1, G2 and Fixed - Operation Start : Passive in 06 and Scanning in 08, May - Treatment over 100 Patients/Day Synchrotron (70-250MeV) Gantry Treatment Room

25 Synchrotron 5) SCS by Hiramoto BM ESD 7m Extraction to Beam Transport Lattice SX R1.4m RF-for Acc. Injection from Linac QD RF-for Extraction. QF Lattice Type Circumference Repetition Inj. Beam Energy Ext. Beam Energy Pulse to Pulse Energy Change Intensity Injection Acceleration Strong Focus 23m 2 7 sec 7MeV MeV ppp Variable Spill Length sec Decel. Time

26 Variable Timing and Op. Length 5) SCS by Hiramoto Injection Timing and length of beam extraction and operation can be varied flexibly. - Respiration gating operation - Spot scanning Wait for Extraction Trigger Flat-top Respiration Signal Expiratory Inspiratory Injection, Extraction Acceleration Deceleration Operaion Cycle Length Synchrotron pattern t Extraction Trigger Synchrotron Pattern Extracted Beam Inj Ext Inj Acc Dec Acc Wait Wait Ext Dec Wait Wait Variable Repetition Period

27 Example of Gating Operation 5) SCS by Hiramoto Respiration signal Data obtained at Univ. of Tsukuba Inspiration 2sec Extraction gate signal Synchrotron operation pattern Irradiated Beam* Wait for trigger Wait for trigger Variable repetition rate *With passive scattering and ridge filter Injection * WITH PASSPASSIVE SACTTERING AND RIDE FI;TER

28 Pulse to Pulse Energy Change 5) SCS by Hiramoto Range Modulation for Scanning Cooperation with HEBT Extraction 155MeV 150MeV 145MeV 140MeV 135MeV operation pattern Injection Extracted Beam Signal Pulse to pulse energy change t[sec]

29 Mitsubishi_Synchrotron for Hadron Therapy ~Week focusing: High intensity (17nA) Accel_driven extraction

30 Carbon/Proton Therapy System Application of technologies used in the proton system to carbon therapy system > Acceleration, Extraction and Beam Scanning 5) SCS by Hiramoto BM QF Injection:7MeV/u RF for Extraction Design Parameters Lattice Type Strong Focus Circumference 60m QD 19m Extraction RF Acceleration Configuration of Synchrotron Beam Energy RF Freq. for Extraction Repetition P <250MeV C <480MeV/u P : MHz C : MHz 2 7 sec

31 6) SCS by Noda Gunma University Heavy-Ion Medical Center Treatment Room Synchrotron 10Ghz-ECR Injector Linac APF-IH

32 6) SCS by Noda Main parameters of the synchrotron. Synchrotron Lattice Type Max. intensity Cell number Long straight section Circumference Injection energy Extraction energy Revolution frequency Emittance/Δp/p of injection beam Acceptance Qx /Qy transition gamma ξx/ξy FODO pps 6 3.0m 6 62m 4 MeV/u MeV/u MHz 10 π mm mrad ±0.2% 240/30 πmm mrad / /-1.5 BMP1 H-CR 2 SXF H-CR 1 V-CR 2 SXFr1 DCCT BMPf2 BMP2 ESD Beta & Dispersion function [m] QDS1 V-CR SXD V-CR 3 SPRN SXD H-CR 3 ESI SXDr1 SM1 SM SXDr2 BMP3 SM2 QF H-CR 6 Injection BM QD s [m] V-CR 4 V-CR 6 BMPf1 Extraction FCN QDS2 RF-Cavity SXD SXFr2 RF-KO SXF H-CR 4 H-CR 5 V-CR 5 BM filling factor of 43% is much larger than that of 31% in HIMAC, which brings a compact synchrotron.

33 7) SCS by Noda HIMAC Facility Ion species: High LET (100keV/μm) charged particles He, C, Ne, Si, Ar Range: 30cm in soft tissue 800MeV/u (Si) Maximum irradiation area: 22cmΦ Dose rate: 5Gy/min/l Beam direction: horizontal, vertical HIMAC (Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba)

34 7) SCS by Noda New Treatment Facility 3D Scanning with Gating (H&V): 2 rooms Rotating Gantry : 1 room Research Building for Charged Particle Therapy HIMAC building Hospit al New treatment facility Rotating Gantry Wall RGF QM PRN1 SMx SMy PRN2 RSF 3D Scanning 9.0 m Monitors 0 1 2m Iso-center

35 11-steps Energy Operation Toward Variable-Energy 430 MeV 7) SCS by Noda 140 MeV Flattop Accel 加速 Dec 減速 el 入射 Inj Operation Pattern Flattop

36 7) SCS by Noda 11-steps Energy Operation C 6+, 290 MeV/n 11-steps Beam Extraction Operation Pattern (SX) Stored Beam Beam Spill

37 RF-KO Slow-Extraction from Synchrotron Moving re sonance Beam Uns table re gion Betatron amplitude Induction acceleration Beam Uns table region Betatronc amplitude Amplitude growth due to RF- KO Beam Unstable region Betatron amplitude p/ p p/ p p/ p X X X X X X Q-Driven Acc. Driven RF-KO Driven CNAO(PIMMS) Mitsubishi_p Mitsubishi_C/p HIMAC HIT Hitachi_p

38 Rapid Cycle Synchrotron for Hadron Therapy Features Highly averaged intensity Compact magnet and machine due to one-turn injection Variable energy operation Many experiences: ISIS, J-PARC, KEK12GeV-Boster ADose per Cycle Pulse machine Dose-management B Cumulative (?) Dose 1 High RF voltage Depend on repetition frequency Eddy current problem: Magnet 0.8 itself & Beam duct Depend on repetition frequency Dose Cycle Number

39 Slow Cycle Synchrotron for Hadron Therapy Features Variable energy operation Modified FT operation Many experiences as therapy machine Easy dose management Relatively low intensity

40 Charged Particle Therapy in the World Marlburg Kiel Darmstadt MedAustron Lanzhou Beijing HIT Busan Thank you for you attention!! Lyon Gunma CNAO Hyogo Kyushu Chiba Kanagawa Rochester. Carbon Carbon (under construction) Carbon (planning) Proton Proton (under construction) XXX : has an official collaboration with NIRS