PAMELA Particle Accelerator for MEdicaL Applications

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1 PAMELA Particle Accelerator for MEdicaL Applications Suzie Sheehy, DPhil candidate John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Particle Physics, University of Oxford

2 1 Clinical Requirements Charged Particle Therapy (CPT) Protons and light ions Used to treat localised cancers Less morbidity for healthy tissue Less damage to vital organs Particularly for childhood cancers With Protons X-rays When proton therapy facilities become available it will become malpractice not to use them for children [with cancer]. Herman Suit, M.D., D.Phil., Chair, Radiation Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital

3 2 Charged Particle Therapy Bragg Peak Around 50% of all patients diagnosed with cancer worldwide Less would morbidity benefit for healthy from radiotherapy tissue at some stage of their illness Less damage to vital organs -World Cancer Report 2003, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

4 3 Accelerator Technology Synchrotron Cyclotron FFAG Intensity Low Plenty Plenty (>100nA) (1-16nA) >100nA Maintenance Normal Hard Normal Extraction eff. Good Poor Good Operation Not Easy Easy Easy Ions Yes Not yet Yes Variable Energy Yes No Yes Repetition Up to 50Hz Continuous ~1 khz Treatment plan should be determined by clinical need, not limited by accelerator technology!

5 4 PAMELA BASROC: British Accelerator Science and Radiation Oncology Consortium CONFORM: COnstruction of a Non-scaling FFAG for Oncology, Research and Medicine The project will 1. build a 20 MeV electron accelerator, EMMA to test the principle 2. design a proton/ion accelerator for medical applications, PAMELA 3. investigate possible applications, from archaeology to zoology

6 What on is an earth NS-FFAG? is an NS-FFAG!? 5 Non-Scaling, Fixed Field, Alternating Gradient AG F/D magnets = strong focusing like a synchrotron FF don t ramp up field = fixed field like a cyclotron NS orbit shape is allowed to vary and magnets are simpler than scaling FFAG

7 6 Challenges EMMA Ring Need to align magnets to ~10μm to avoid losing beam!

8 Present Design 7 Proton ring (30 to 250 MeV) Carbon ring (up to 400 MeV/u C6+) 6.251m 8.5m Design Principle: Start with scaling FFAG Relax scaling law Rectangular magnets Aligned on straight line Multipoles up to octupole Results in FFAG with... Small orbit excursion (<172 mm) Compact magnets No/little tune shift 12 cells, FDF-triplet Straights: 1.7 m Sufficient space Injection/extraction, RF

9 PAMELA Magnets (small ring) 8 Combined function magnet Superconducting at 4K One double-helix coil per multipole Dipole Quad Sext. Oct. Magnet design: H.Witte

10 9 Layout of facility RFQ FFAG rings Linac, 7MeV/u Fixed Fixed Carbon ions Protons MeV Protons (30 MeV) Carbon MeV/u Treatment rooms Gantry

11 10 Summary Charged particle therapy advantages: Less morbidity for healthy tissue Less damage to vital organs Current treatment limited by accelerator technology New NS-FFAG technology can overcome this Design relies on new principle for NS-FFAG PAMELA design by late 2010 Cheaper, easier to run, reliable accelerator for CPT

12 11 Acknowledgements Thanks to the PAMELA design team & wider collaboration: Ken Peach, John Cobb, Suzanne Sheehy, Holger Witte, Takeichiro Yokoi (JAI, Oxford) Richard Fenning, Akram Khan (Brunel University, UK) Rebecca Seviour (Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster, UK) Carol Johnstone (Fermilab, USA) Mark Hill, Bleddyn Jones, Borivoj Vojnovic (Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Oxford, UK) Morteza Aslaninejad, Matt Easton, Jaroslaw Pasternak (Imperial College, UK) Jürgen Pozimski (Imperial College and STFC/RAL, UK) Neil Bliss, Carl Beard, Peter McIntosh, Susan Smith, Stephan Tzenov (STFC/DL, UK) Rob Edgecock, David Kelliher, Shinji Machida, James Rochford (STFC/RAL, UK) Roger Barlow, Hywel Owen, Sam Tygier (University of Manchester, UK)