The Clouds Microstructure and the Rain Stimulation by Acoustic Waves
|
|
- Cameron Haynes
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Atmospheric n Climte ciences,,, 86-9 oi:436/cs39 Publishe Online July ( he Clous Microstructure n the Rin timultion by Acoustic Wes Abstrct Oik Nlbnyn Moscow ocil-humnitrin Institute, Moscow, Russi E-mil: hoikjn@yhoocom Receie My, ; reise June 5, ; ccepte June 9, A simplifie moel of clous microstructure ynmics uner turbulent conitions is presente he nture of rin stimultion by coustic wes, bse on the rops injection in the region of turbulent cogultion, is escribe he conitions for effectie rin stimulting re estimte Keywors: Clou, rop, urbulence, Conenstion, Cogultion, Rin timultion Introuction he inestigtions of clous microstructure represent significnt step for stuying the possibilities n prospects to stimulte rin n ultimtely to control wether ptterns he most commonly use methos he been by seeing the clou by rious gents tht cuses lrge scle frcture within its structure or by irect injecting of lrge rops of wter into the clou Howeer, these methos require the use of rtillery n rocket systems or flying eices which cn be pretty costly cientists he been serching for cost-effectie lterntie methos o bring the chnges in the clous microstructure by using the impct of coustic wes were n interesting ie from the strt heoreticl clcultions he estimte tht the impct of intense coustic wes upon clou woul initite the cogultion of the rops which woul crete shift of the mximum in the istribution of the rops towrs lrger sizes he experiments, conucte with both, oerln fog n rtificil fog in chmber he confirme these estimtions [,] Wht becme pprent, tht the impct of coustic wes hs to be extremely intense (~4 B) n hs to lst for long time (minutes) Howeer, it woul not be relistic to obtin the require prmeters of the coustic wes in the clous while the source of soun wes is on the groun But the clous in nture, comprtie to n rtificil fog or n oerln fog my, intrinsiclly be operting uner turbulent conitions An the turbulent conitions combine with coustic wes coul sufficiently enhnce the effectieness of stimulting the rin here re mny theoreticl n empiricl moels escribing the clous' microstructure n its ynmics ue to the rops cogultion n conenstionl growth [, ] hese moels represent rious pproches to the moement of the rops n their interction In the present pper simplifie moel of the rops moement, cogultion n conenstionl growth uner turbulent conitions is represente On the bsis of the represente moel, the possibilities of rin stimulting by the impct of coustic wes uner turbulent conitions re exmine he Motion of rops uner urbulent Conitions in the Air After the nucletion of rops in supersturte ir the min processes tht he been inole in the formtion of the clous microstructure re: - Conenstionl growth n eportion of rops; - Cogultion of the rops by colliing; - Pulerizing of the rops he spee of the rop reltie to the ir prticles plys the min role in these ynmics ue to the ir iscosity the rop gets inole by the turbulent strems of the ir But the ensity of the rops is much greter thn the ir ensity n ue to inerti of rops their trjectory eite from the ir prticles trjectory It mens tht rops moe reltie to the surrouning ir he reltie elocity of sphericl rop in the iscous ir is etermine by the following eqution: () t t Copyright cires
2 O NALBANYAN E AL 87 Here is the rop elocity reltie to the surrouning ir prticles, r 9 () is the time of tokes relxtion of the rop s elocity in the iscous ir, is the locl elocity of the ir prticles t the position of the rop, n re the ensities of the wter n the ir corresponingly, is the kinemtic iscosity of the ir, r is the rius of the rop he ir resistnce, proportionl to the rop's ccelertion is neglecte he mss of the ir in hyroynmic bounry lyer is neglecte s well he pttern of the rnom turbulent flows is superposition of numerous ortices of rious sptil scles n the rince of the ir prticle elocity E k is etermine by the sptil spectrl ensity of the rnom fiel of rtes Ek, where k π / l is the sptil we number of the ortex, l is the ortex size For tmospheric turbulence we he k 5/3 π /, k k k k le k πc k,, m where k n km re the sptil we numbers which correspon to the outer L n the inner l m scles of turbulence corresponingly he ir prticles being inole with ortices of rious sizes he curiliner trjectories of moement o the ccelertion of the ir prticles in some irection my be represente s superposition of ccelertions of rious frequencies k which epen on the ortex size Aksin k t k t Let s ssume moel of ynmic turbulence Accoring to the moel kinetic energy of the ir prticles is sttionry n the prticles he only tngentil ccelertion cuse be the curilinerity of their trjectories In this cse the mgnitue of tngentil ccelertion equls to the ir elocity in the ortex rise to the secon power n iie by the size of the ortex, while the frequency equls to the ir elocity in the ortex iie by the size of the ortex /3 Ak Ck /3, k 6πCk In this cse the qusisttionry solution of Eqution () hs the form /3 k m Ck k k (3) sin ktkcos kt k Let s nlyze the obtine solution For smll rops the time of tokes relxtion () is much less thn the chrcteristic time of smll-scle turbulent pulstions k n the mplitue of reltie elocity of the rop hs the squre-lw epenence on the rius of the rop Ck C k r (4) /3 /3 m 3 m 3 For lrger rop if the time of tokes relxtion is in the rnge of the turbulent pulstion s k km the epenence of the reltie elocity on the rius of the rop becme liner /4 π 3C 3/4 /4 π 3C 3/4 (5) r 9 Very lrge rop with k is too inertil to moe with the ir prticles n its reltie elocity correspons to the elocity of the turbulent flows 6πC k /3 3 Conenstionl Growth of the rops he clous rise in supersturte ir consequently to the heterogeneous nucletion of rops he bounry between the wter n the ir is subjecte to the moleculr uneenness, so the kinetic coefficient of the conenstion q, etermining the epenency of the growth rte u on the supercooling woul be quite high n we cn isregr the kinetic supercooling n; ccoringly kinetic supersturtion It mens tht the supersturtion t the growing surfce correspons to the equilibrium conitions he process of conenstion gets lwys ccompnie by the ltent het relese, n the lue of the rop s oerheting, reltiely to the ir is t exctly the correct leel, which is neee to trnsfer the ltent het of conenstion from the growing surfce of the rop to the clou n cn be obtine by the conition of the het trnsfer Here H ur H ck (6) u r is the growth rte of the rop, H is the specific het of eportion, c is the specific het cpcity of the ir, K is the therml iffusiity of the ir, is the thickness of the therml bounry lyer t the surfce of the moing rop o, the lue of the stem concentrtion t the growing surfce C iffers from the concentrtion of sturtion in the clou ue to C Copyright cires
3 88 O NALBANYAN E AL the curture of the rop s surfce n the oerheting of the rop Vm C C C C H (7) rr Here is the surfce energy of the wter-ir bounry, Vm is the molr olume of the wter, R is the gs constnt, is the bsolute temperture he stem trnsfer from the clou to the growing surfce of the rop tkes plce ue to the ifference between the stem concentrtion in the clou C eq n t the rop s growing surfce u r C C C eq (8) Here is the stem moleculr iffusion coefficient in the ir, is the thickness of the iffusie bounry lyer t the surfce of the moing rop he thickness of the bounry lyers epens on the reltie elocity of the rop he estimtions he shown tht the irflow of the rops in the clou hs lminr chrcter n the following expression cn be use rk, r (9) ubstituting (7) n (8) in (6) n tking into ccount (9) the expression for the rop s growth rte cn be obtine u r C V m R req r H C c K r () Here req is the rius of the rop which is uner the equilibrium conitions, ie o not grow n o not eporte It is obious, tht the conenstionl growth rte epens on the rop s elocity, reltie to the ir n the tmospheric turbulence consierbly intensifies the conenstionl growth Howeer the efining fctor remins in the ifference of the lues between the rop s rius n the criticl rius he lue of the criticl rius is etermine by the lue of the supersturtion Vm Ceq Ceq C C r R Although size of n iniiul rop is minute, combine surfce s up to rther lrge mount For exmple, in cubic meter of the clou with g of wter cpcity n the erge rop size bout µm, the totl eq surfce of the rops is bout 3 m In the course of few secons, ll the stem tht mkes the supersturtion conenses on the growing surfce of the rops he spersturtion in the clou ecreses to some qusi equilibrium leel which is much less thn the wter olume content of the clou M It mens tht t the sttionry conitions the growth of the lrger rops occurs ue to the eportion of smller rops n the wter content of the clou prcticlly oes not chnge n 4πu r W r r r () W r t u r W r r () Here W r is the ensity of the size istribution of the rops, Wr r M he Equtions () n () escribe the ynmics of the size istribution of the rops t the sttionry conitions Estimtions gie tht the conenstionl growth rte uner the sttionry conitions is ery low n it is oubtful tht conenstionl growth cn proie forble conitions for the rin to occur he rte of conenstionl growth uner the sttionry conitions oes not rnk oer μm/h n it woul tke too much time for the rin rops to form At the sme time the conenstionl growth uner the nonsttionry conitions is ery importnt n efficiently chnges the rops' sizes 4 he rops Colescence he reltie motion of the rops cn le to their collisions n colescence he isppernce of two colliing rops n the ppernce of the rop with the common olume le to the chnge in the size istribution of the rops he moluchowski eqution escribing the ynmics of the size istribution ue to rops collisions cn be represente t the following form W r r Wr rpr, rw r t W r r P r, r W r () r r rp r, r r W r W r r Here the first term correspons to the isppernce of the rops of rius r ue to their collisions with the smller rops; the secon term correspons to the isppernce of the rops of rius r ue to their collisions with the lrger rops, n the thir term correspons to Copyright cires
4 O NALBANYAN E AL 89 the ppernce of the rops of rius r ue to collisions of the smller rops he function Pr, r correspons to the spce olume tht in time unit becomes free of the rops of rius r ue to their cpture by lrger rop of rius r In generl the etermintion of Pr, r is ery knotty problem becuse it is necessry to tke into ccounting the interction between colliing rops he cse of the rops moement cuse by the tmospheric turbulence is simpler becuse the rius of sptil correltion of turbulent rnom fiel of elocities is consierbly greter thn istnce between rops, prticipte in colescence It mens tht the rops tht he possibility to collie moe t the sme irection n the lrger rop hing greter elocity runs own the smller one In tht simplifie moel function Pr, r cn be represente s, π P r r R, (4) mx Here n re the elocities of the lrger n the smller rops corresponingly, Rmx is the mximl trnsersl istnce between trjectories of rops which coul he collision If hyroynmic interction between the rops is neglecte then R mx r r Howeer the moing rop in rel iscous ir is surroune by lminr hyroynmic bounry lyer with thickness r he opposite irs prticles n rops he to flow roun the moing rop he tngentil shift of the inertiless rop equls, r r where is the hyroynmic bounry lyer thickness of the opposite rop king into ccount inerti of the opposite rop n ssuming for the simplicity the circulr motion of ir roun the lrger rop we he the less lue of its tngentil shift where r rr π exp r, π, r r is the time of tokes relxtion of the opposite rop hen the mximl trnserse istnce between trjectories of rops which coul he collision equls: Rmx r r rr π rr exp r r (5) hus the possibility of collision epens on the rops sizes n elocities he elocities of the rops epen on the intensity of turbulent mixing n for ny intensity of turbulence; there exists miniml rius for the rop tht llows it to bsorb smller rops For exmple, for the following prmeters of turbulence L = m, L m = mm n the root men squre elocity of the turbulent flows = 3 m/s, the low borerline of the ipson for the turbulent colescence r c equls 43 µm, while t = 5 m/s we he r c = 3 µm n t = m/s - rc = µm If the rops in the clou re istribute in the rnge of ipson of the riuses, smller thn r c, the colescence oes not tke plce, the clou remin stble n the rops he continue to grow slowly through the conenstionl mechnism he rte of growth in such clou coul he pick up for exmple, with the chnge temperture or increse intensity of turbulence he rin conition cn be cuse lso by injecting the clou with rops of the riuses substntilly lrger thn rc he require number of injecte rops tht cn intke ll the wter content of the clou is bout in cubic meter If the rius of the injecte rop is significntly greter thn the erge rius of wter rops in the clou its exponentil growth woul he occurre 5 he Rin timultion by Acoustic Wes A propgting soun we eokes wy motion of ir prticles P πt sin (6) c s Here P is the soun we s pressure, is the we perio of soun, c s is the soun spee ue to ir iscosity the rops he wy motion s well he mplitue of reltie elocity of the rop is P (7) cs s Awkene by soun we, the moement of the rops intensifies the het n the mss trnsfer n ccoring to () increses the conenstionl growth rte Howeer, the effect of soun we coul be een more inispensble for the cogultion of the rops he mechnism tht is inole in the colescence uner the impct of coustic we is ctully similr to the mechnism tht is inole in the colescence uner the turbulent conitions For exmple, the effectieness of the coles- Copyright cires
5 9 O NALBANYAN E AL cence uner turbulence with prmeters C = 65 m 4/3 s n L m = mm cn be mtche up by the soun we with P = 8 P n frequency 7 Hz he colescence of the rops uner the effect of coustic we cn be escribe by the sme Equtions (3-5), s it were uner the turbulent conitions, howeer, the lue of the rops elocities he to correspon to (7) It is eient, the best result in the colescence cn be chiee if the perio of the soun equls to the time of tokes elocity relxtion of the lrger of the two colescing rops ht woul secure the mximum reltie elocity for the lrger rop, proie the minimum thickness for its bounry hyroynmic lyer n ensure the mximum contrst of elocities between the lrger n the smller rops Note, tht the turbulence frequency of 7 Hz is the optimum for the rops with the rius 67 µm For the smller rops the effectieness of turbulent colescence ecreses (proportionl to r ) n coustic wes with the corresponent frequency woul be more effectie As it were in the cse of the colescence uner the effect of turbulence, for ny intensity of the soun we, there exists minimum rius for the rop tht is ble to consume smller rop Or, in other wors, for rop of ny size, there exists threshol point of intensity for the soun we which woul he just ensure consumption of smller rops For exmple, for the rops with the rius 3, the threshol point of intensity for the soun we hs to be 5 P with the frequency Hz, for the rops with the rius 5 μm we he 6 P with the frequency 75 Hz n for the rops with the rius μm we he 8 P with the frequency 65 Hz he impct of soun we is especilly effectie for the sizes of the rops, which re unble to colesce uner turbulent conitions, in other wors for the rops, which re in the rnge for the stble clou In Figure the chnge of the ensity of the size istribution of the rops W r ( 9 m 4 ) uner the impct of coustic we is represente In the represente cse the wter cpcity is g/m 3, the riuses of the rops were initilly istribute in the rnge from µm to 3 µm Acoustic we hs the intensity P = P, frequency is 3 Hz, the impct urtion is s It cn be seen the isppernce of the rops in the rnges from 7 to 9 µm n from 4 to 5 µm heir colescence les to formtion of the rops with the rius roun 3 µm A totl number of ppere single colesce rops is bout 68 in cubic meter If the size of ppere rops is in the rnge of n effectie colescence uner turbulence they coul represent the bse for the follow up rin Note tht t = P Figure he chnge of the ensity of the size istribution of δw r uner the impct of coustic we the rops P the number of the newly forme in cubic meter rops cme to n t P = 4 P cme to 35 hus the stimulting effect of coustic we results in proucing not ctully the rin rops, but the rops which re goo n rey to colesce uner the turbulent conitions he impct of coustic wes becomes especilly effectie with ner-rin clou It mens tht the rops re istribute in close proximity to the borerline of the ipson for successful turbulent colescence n single colescence woul be sufficient he min concern in the reliztion of the coustic we rin stimultion is the ctul eliery of the right intensity soun we to the clou For exmple, the intensity of P with the rius of the coustic spot of m correspons to the coustic power of 3 MW ht power coul not ery likely be chiee by the mens of electro-mechnicl trnsltors Howeer, certin perspecties he become isible with connection to the soun we s genertion by mens of the fuel gs explosion For exmple, the energy of single impulse of inicte intensity n the urtion corresponent to necessry frequency is bout 3 kj, which correspons to mechnicl energy, relese from the explosion of g of propne 6 Acknowlegements he uthor wnts to cknowlege r AVrnyn initite the present inestigtion, r IChunchuzo for numerous iscussions n r OKrymo for the interest to the present inestigtion n the technicl support 7 References [] L G Kchurin, Fizicheskie Osnoi Vozeisti N tmjcfernie Processi, Girometeoizt, Leningr, 99 [] V uliko, A V Mischenko n R Amiro, Akusticheskie oji, Fizmtknig, Moscow, Copyright cires
PHARMACOKINETICS IN PATIENTS REQUIRING RENAL REPLACEMENT Rx
PHRMCOKINETICS IN PTIENTS REUIRING RENL REPLCEMENT Rx PRT 1: PK IN PTIENTS REUIRING HEMOILYSIS rthur J. tkinson, Jr., M.. junct Professor epartment of Molecular Pharmacology an Biochemistry Feinberg School
More informationYou only get to change two things: the cardiac output and the resistance of the vasculature
Vsculr Biology 3 Regultion of Flow nd Pressure A. Arteril Pressure (oeriew) 1. Arteril pressure pulse 2. Men rteril pressure 2 MAP 1 P + s P 3 3 d MAP = men rteril pressure, P s = systolic pressure, P
More informationMeasurement of directly designed gears with symmetric and asymmetric teeth
Mesurement of irectly esigne gers with symmetric n symmetric teeth Dr. Alexner L. Kelevich, AKGers, LLC, Shoreview, MN, USA Toic: Mnufcturing ABSTRACT In comrison with the tritionl ger esign roch se on
More informationUV radiation of powdered ZnO pumped by nanosecond pulses
UV rdition of powdered ZnO pumped y nnosecond pulses V.M.Mrkushev, M.V.Ryzhkov, Ch.M.Briskin *, H.Co, L.A.Zdorozhny c, L.E.Li c, E.I.Gevrgizov c, L.N.Deminets c Institute of Rdio engineering nd Electronics
More informationCheck your understanding 3
1 Wht is the difference etween pssive trnsport nd ctive trnsport? Pssive trnsport is the movement of prticles not requiring energy. Movement of prticles in ctive trnsport uses energy. 2 A gs tp in the
More informationRichard E. Frye,1,2 Richard L. Doty,1,2 and Paul Shaman,1,3
BILATERAL AND UNILATERAL LFACTRY SENSITIVITY' RELATINSHIP T HANDEDNESS AND GENDER Richr E. Frye,1,2 Richr L. Doty,1,2 n Pul Shmn,1,3 INTRDUCTIN ISmell n Tste Center, 2Deprtment of torhinolryngology --
More informationAnalysis of Regulatory of Interrelated Activity of Hepatocyte and Hepatitis B Viruses
Interntionl Journl of Biomedicl Mterils Reserch 8 6(): -7 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijbmr doi:.648/j.ijbmr.86. ISSN: 33-756 (Print) ISSN: 33-7579 (Online) Anlysis of Regultory of Interrelted
More information2. Hubs and authorities, a more detailed evaluation of the importance of Web pages using a variant of
5 Web Serch Outline: 1. Pge rnk, for discovering the most ëimportnt" pges on the Web, s used in Google. 2. Hubs nd uthorities, more detiled evlution of the importnce of Web pges using vrint of the eigenvector
More informationAR Rice Performance Trials (ARPT) Color as a Quality Indicator. Functional Property Analyses. Cause of Chalkiness in Rice Kernels
Chlk, Color, n Milling Qulity Trens in AR Rice Performnce Tril Dt Srh Lnning, Rusty Butist, Terry Sieenmorgen, Pul Counce, n Amogh Amrekr 1 Inustry Allince Meeting Center for Excellence in Poultry Science
More informationTEMPLATE SYNTHESIS OF Cu AND Cu-Sn NANOPARTICLES USING CARBON FOAM AS A SUPPORT. Ivania MARKOVA-DENEVA, Tihomir PETROV, Ivan DENEV
TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS OF Cu AND Cu-Sn NANOPARTICLES USING CARBON FOAM AS A SUPPORT Ivni MARKOVA-DENEVA, Tihomir PETROV, Ivn DENEV University of Chemicl Technology nd Metllurgy, 8, Kl. Ohridski lvd., Sofi,
More informationTHE KIDNEY AND THE CONCEPT OF CLEARANCE*
THE KIDNEY AND THE CONCEPT OF CLEARANCE* I. The Antomy of the Mmmlin Kidney A. Gross ntomy: 1. The outer region of the kidney = the CORTEX 2. Inner region = the MEDULLA 3. The re where ll of the urine
More informationPressure Ulcers ecourse: Module 2 Quiz II
Pressure Ulcers ecourse: Moule 2 Quiz II 1. Yellow or white tissue tht heres to the ulcer be in strings or thick clumps or is mucinous is:. Eschr b. Slough c. Grnultion tissue. Epithelil tissue 2. New
More informationThe Haemodynamics of Asymmetric Stenoses
Eur J Vsc Enovsc Surg 24, 332±337 (2002) oi:10.1053/ejvs.2002.1729, vilble online t http://www.ielibrry.com on The Hemoynmics of Asymmetric Stenoses S. R. Dos Deprtment of Vsculr Surgery, Goo Hope Hospitl
More informationComparison of three simple methods for the
J. clin. Pth. (1967), 2, 5 Comprison of three simple methods for the ssessment of 'free' thyroid hormone T. M. D. GIMLETTE1 From the Rdio-Isotope Lbortory, St. Thoms's Hospitl, London SYNOPSIS A dilysis
More informationAudiological Bulletin no. 35
Auiological Bulletin no. 35 Ensuring the correct in-situ gain News from Auiological Research an Communication 9 502 1041 001 / 05-07 Introuction Hearing ais are commonly fitte accoring to ata base on a
More informationENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY
ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY VARIATION IN THE DIETARY ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY Shwn Firbirn, John Ptience, Hnk Clssen nd Ruurd Zijlstr SUMMARY Formultion of commercil pig diets requires n incresing degree
More informationXII. HIV/AIDS. Knowledge about HIV Transmission and Misconceptions about HIV
XII. HIV/AIDS Knowledge bout HIV Trnsmission nd Misconceptions bout HIV One of the most importnt prerequisites for reducing the rte of HIV infection is ccurte knowledge of how HIV is trnsmitted nd strtegies
More informationSingle-Molecule Studies of Unlabelled Full-Length p53 Protein Binding to DNA
Single-Molecule Studies of Unlbelled Full-Length p53 Protein Binding to DNA Philipp Nuttll, 1 Kidn Lee, 2 Pietro Ciccrell, 3 Mrco Crminti, 3 Giorgio Ferrri, 3 Ki- Bum Kim, 2 Tim Albrecht 1* 1 Imperil College
More informationThe Effects of Diet Particle Size on Animal Performance
MF-2050 Feed Mnufcturing Feed Mnufcturing Cerel grins re the primry energy source in swine nd poultry diets. Therefore, not only must producers be concerned bout the composition of the grin, but lso how
More informationBending stiffness of lipid bilayers. II. Spontaneous curvature of the monolayers
Bending stiffness of lipid bilyers. II. Spontneous curvture of monolyers Thoms Fischer To cite this version: Thoms Fischer. Bending stiffness of lipid bilyers. II. Spontneous curvture of monolyers. Journl
More informationEFFECT OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE ON GROWTH OF DRY BEAN. Research Report to Northarvest Bean Growers, January 19, 2009
EFFECT OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE ON GROWTH OF DRY BEAN Reserh Report to Northrvest Ben Growers, Jnury 19, 29 Berlin D. Nelson, Susilo Poromrto, n Ruell Goswmi, Dept. Plnt Pthology, NDSU Ojetive: Determine
More informationThe Measurement of Interviewer Variance
66 TWO STUDIES OF INTERVIEWER VARIANCE OF SOCIO- PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES By: Leslie Kish nd Crol W. Slter Survey Reserch Center, University of Michign Introduction We report results obtined in two surveys
More informationUsing Paclobutrazol to Suppress Inflorescence Height of Potted Phalaenopsis Orchids
Using Pcloutrzol to Suppress Inflorescence Height of Potted Phlenopsis Orchids A REPORT SUBMITTED TO FINE AMERICAS Linsey Newton nd Erik Runkle Deprtment of Horticulture Spring 28 Using Pcloutrzol to Suppress
More informationSimulating the Effect of Exercise on Urea Clearance in
BRIEF COMMUNICATION Simulting the Effect of Exercise on Ure Clernce in Hemodily si s STEPHEN W. SMYE,* ELIZABETH J. LINDLEY,* nd ERIC J. WILLt Deprtments of *Medicl Physics nd Renl Medicine, St. Jmes s
More informationSummary. Effect evaluation of the Rehabilitation of Drug-Addicted Offenders Act (SOV)
Summry Effect evlution of the Rehbilittion of Drug-Addicted Offenders Act (SOV) The Rehbilittion of Drug-Addicted Offenders Act (SOV) ws lunched on April first 2001. This lw permitted the compulsory plcement
More informationWSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee (509) ext. 265;
FINAL REPORT WTFRC Project # AH-1-5 WSU Project # 13C-355-3 Project title: PI: Orgniztion: Coopertors: of Sunburn in Apples with RAYNOX Lrry Schrder, Horticulturist WSU Tree Fruit Reserch nd Extension
More informationPreservative Resistance in Yeast Species
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1989, p. 2995-2999 Vol. 55, No. 11 99-224/89/112995-5$2./ Copyright 1989, Americn Society for Microbiology Reltionships mong Cell Size, Membrne Permebility,
More informationUsing Load Research Data to Model Weather Response
30 25 20 15 10-5 1,950 2,025 2,100 2,175 2,250 2,325 2,400 2,475 2,550 2,625 2,700 2,775 2,850 2,925 3,000 3,075 3,150 3,225 3,300 3,375 3,450 3,525 3,600 MW 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
More informationFinite-Dimensional Linear Algebra Errata for the first printing
Finite-Dimensionl Liner Algebr Errt for the first printing Mrk S. Gockenbch Jnury 6, 011 The following corrections will be mde in the second printing of the text, expected in 011. Pge 41: Exercise 5: S
More informationEVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COPPER SOURCES AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN SWINE FINISHING DIETS 1
Swine Dy 2001 Contents EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COPPER SOURCES AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN SWINE FINISHING DIETS 1 C. W. Hstd, S. S. Dritz 2, J. L. Nelssen, M. D. Tokch, nd R. D. Goodbnd Summry Two trils were
More informationET 100 EXTERIOR FRONT DOOR BLACK OUT TAPE INSTALLATION
100 EXTERIOR FRONT DOOR BLCK OUT TPE INSTLLTION The procedure descried elow is for the LH side. Use the sme procedure for oth the RH nd LH sides, unless otherwise specified. 1. INSTLL NO. 2 BLCK OUT TPE
More informationAudiological Bulletin no. 31
Auiological Bulletin no. 31 The effect - an introuction News from Auiological Research an Communication 9 502 1043 001 / 05-07 Introuction Venting in earmouls has been use for many years to control the
More informationNumerical Modelling of Tooth Enamel Subsurface Lesion Formation Induced by Dental Plaque
Originl Pper Cries Res 214;48:73 89 DOI: 1.1159/354123 Received: My 2, 213 Accepted fter revision: June 28, 213 Published online: November 14, 213 Numericl Modelling of Tooth Enmel Subsurfce Lesion Formtion
More informationCancer Research Journal
Cncer Reserch Journl 2014; 2(2): 33-41 Pulished online April 20, 2014 (http://www.sciencepulishinggroup.com/j/crj) doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20140202.14 The role of using ultr short pulsed lsers in determining
More informationAn Energy Efficient Seizure Prediction Algorithm
An Energy Efficient Seizure Prediction Algorithm Zhongnn Fng Electricl Engineering Stnford University zhongnn@stnford.edu Yun Yun Sttistics Stnford University yun@stnford.edu Andrew Weitz Bioengineering
More informationInfrared Image Edge Detection based on Morphology- Canny Fusion Algorithm
, pp.42-46 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/stl.2016.137.08 Infrred Imge Edge Detection bsed on Morphology- Cnny Fusion Algorithm Tng Qingju 1, Bu Chiwu 2, Liu Yunlin 1, Zng Jinsuo 1, Li Dyong 1 1 School of
More informationParameter Optimization for FEM based modeling of singlet oxygen during PDT using COMSOL
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference 00 Boston Prmeter Optimiztion for FEM bsed modeling of singlet oxygen during PDT using COMSOL Xing Ling, Ken Kng-Hsin Wng, nd Timothy C. Zhu * Deprtment
More informationFundamentals of Spine MRI and Essential Protocols
Fundmentls of Spine MRI nd Essentil Protocols A. C. Dougls-Akinwnde, MD Octoer 13, 2009 Fundmentls of Spine MRI Lerning Ojectives: 1. List the essentil sequences for Spine MRI exmintion 2. Discuss the
More informationSOME MECHANISTIC CONCEPTS IN ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION REACTIONS TO C=C BONDS
SM MANISTI NPTS IN LTPILI AITIN ATINS T = BNS The = ond is considered to e wek se/nucleophile. The high concentrtion of electron density mkes the pi ond Lewis se, ut in order to donte electrons the pi
More informationDigestible Lysine Requirements of Hen Turkeys from 6 to 12 Weeks of Age
Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 4 (9): 69-644, 005 ISSN 68-856 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 005 Digestible Lysine Requirements of Hen Turkeys from 6 to Weeks of Age K.A Thompson, K.A.
More informationScientific research on the biological value of olive oil
Scientific reserch on the biologicl vlue olive oil Cov F.G. Ally M. (ed.). L' économie de l' olivier Pr : CIHEAM Options Méditerrnéennes : Série Etudes; n. 1988-V 1988 pges 149-152 Article vilble on le
More informationInvasive Pneumococcal Disease Quarterly Report. July September 2017
Invsive Pneumococcl Disese Qurterly Report July September 2017 Prepred s prt of Ministry of Helth contrct for scientific services by Rebekh Roos Helen Heffernn October 2017 Acknowledgements This report
More informationunit 1.9 Problems with unknown (II) 15 days D Figures within days 1 G 1 1 OA 1 1 OA 1 1 OA 1 1 G 2 1 OA 6 1 OA 4 1 OA 4 1 G 3 1 OA 7
KINDERGARTEN K.1 Plying With Shpes (Squre, Tringle, Circle) K.3 Compose, Decompose up to 10 13 dys K.5 Addition & Addition Situtions K.7 Figures (3- dimensionl) K.9 Compose, Decompose up to 20 shpe construction
More informationAnalytic hierarchy process-based recreational sports events development strategy research
ISSN : 0974-7435 Volume 0 Issue 6 An Indin Journl Anlytic hierrchy process-bsed recretionl sports events development strtegy reserch Weihu Yo School of hysicl Eduction, Luoyng Norml University, Luoyng
More informationMODERNIZATION of MAIN HELICOPTER GEARBOX with ASYMMETRIC TOOTH GEARS
Proceedings of the ASME 2013 Interntionl Design Engineering Technicl Conferences & Computers nd Informtion in Engineering Conference IDETC/CIE 2013 August 4-7, 2013, Portlnd, Oregon, USA DETC2013-12637
More informationHow adaptations of substrate utilization regulate body composition
(27) 1 6 & 27 Nture Pulishing Group All rights reserved 37-565/7 $3. www.nture.com/ijo ORIGINAL ARTICLE How dpttions of sustrte utiliztion regulte ody composition KD Hll, HL Bin nd CC Chow Lortory of Biologicl
More informationTHE EVALUATION OF DEHULLED CANOLA MEAL IN THE DIETS OF GROWING AND FINISHING PIGS
THE EVALUATION OF DEHULLED CANOLA MEAL IN THE DIETS OF GROWING AND FINISHING PIGS THE EVALUATION OF DEHULLED CANOLA MEAL IN THE DIETS OF GROWING AND FINISHING PIGS John F. Ptience nd Doug Gillis SUMMARY
More informationTitleStudies on the oxidtion of propyle Author(s) Kusuhr, Sigeru Cittion The Review of Physicl Chemistry of 49 Issue Dte 1961-8 RL http://hdl.hndle.net/2433/46812 Right Type Deprtmentl Bulletin Pper Textversion
More informationPre-existing clusters of the adaptor Lat do not participate in early T cell signaling events
Pre-existing clusters of the ptor o not prticipte in erly T cell signling events Dvi J Willimson 1,3, Dyln M Owen 1,3, Jérémie Rossy 1,3, Astri Mgenu 1, Mtthis Wehrmnn 2, J Justin Gooing 2 & Kthrin Gus
More informationOther Uses for Cluster Sampling
Other Uses for Cluster Smpling Mesure hnges in the level of n ttriute Hypothesis testing versus intervl estimtion Type I n 2 errors Power of the test Mesuring ttriute t sme time in ifferent sites Exmple:
More informationBending stiffness of the lumbar spine subjected to posteroanterior manipulative force
JRRD Volume 42, Number 2, Pges 167 174 Mrch/April 2005 Journl of Rehbilittion Reserch & Development Bending stiffness of the lumbr spine subjected to posteronterior mnipultive force Rymond Y. W. Lee, PhD;
More informationEffects of physical exercise on working memory and prefrontal cortex function in post-stroke patients
Effects of physicl exercise on working memory nd prefrontl cortex function in post-stroke ptients M Moriy, C Aoki, K Sktni Grdute School of Helth Sciences Reserch, Mjor of Physicl Therpy, TeikyoHeisei
More informationPROVEN ANTICOCCIDIAL IN NEW FORMULATION
PROVEN ANTICOCCIDIAL IN NEW FORMULATION Coxidin 100 microgrnulte A coccidiosttic dditive for roilers, chickens rered for lying nd turkeys Contins 100 g of monensin sodium per kg Aville s homogenous grnules
More informationMath 254 Calculus Exam 1 Review Three-Dimensional Coordinate System Vectors The Dot Product
Mth 254 Clculus Exm 1 Review Your first exm is Fridy, April 26. I will provide one pge of notes. You my bring in one 3- inch by 5-inch note crd with notes on both sides. You should hve been working on
More informationSEIZURES AND EPILEPSY
SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY CONTENT CREATED BY Lern more t www.helth.hrvrd.edu TALK WITH YOUR DOCTOR Tble of Contents WHAT IS A SEIZURE? 4 WHAT IS EPILEPSY? 6 TESTING 7 TREATMENT OPTIONS 9 ANTI-SEIZURE MEDICATION
More informationPWR Core Response to Boron Dilution Transient
Interntionl Conference Nucler Energy for New Europe 2003 Portorož, Sloveni, September 8-11, 2003 http://www.drustvo-js.si/port2003 ABSTACT PW Core esponse to Boron Dilution Trnsient Angelo Lo Nigro, Frncesco
More informationDetritivory and the stoichiometry of nutrient cycling by a dominant fish species in lakes of varying productivity
OIKOS : /, 26 DOI: 1.1111/j.26.3-1299.1474.x Detritivory nd the stoichiometry of nutrient cycling by dominnt fish species in lkes of vrying productivity Kren A. Higgins, Michel J. Vnni nd Mri J. González
More informationReview TEACHING FOR GENERALIZATION & MAINTENANCE
Gols By the end of clss, you should be ble to: Explin wht generliztion is, why it is criticl for techers to know how to tech so tht it occurs, nd give n exmple of it from your own experience in the clssroom
More informationRESEARCH MEMO-RAN DUM
I -._,*i (r -P Ii U G ' C c P 4 c 2 RESEARCH MEMO-RAN DUM PERFORMANCE OF AN ISENTROPIC, ALL-INTERNAL-CONTRACTION, -. AXISYMMETRIC INLET DESIGNED FOR MACH 2.5 By Dvid N. Bowditch nd Bernhrd H. Anderson
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
TM TM tip link horizontl top connectors 1 leucine-rich (21 %) otoncorin-like 1809 ntigenic peptides B D signl peptide hydrophoic segment proline/threonine-rich (79 %) Supplementry Figure 1. () The outer
More informationStudy of Stress Distribution in the Tibia During Stance Phase Running Using the Finite Element Method
Ksetsrt J. (Nt. Sci.) 48 : 729-739 (2014) Study of Stress Distriution in the Tii During Stnce Phse Running Using the Finite Element Method Thepwchr Ruchirh 1, Tumrong Puttpitukporn 1, * nd Siriporn Ssimontonkul
More informationDissociable effects of the implicit and explicit memory systems on learning control of reaching
Exp Brin Res (26) 173: 425 437 DOI 1.17/s221-6-391- RESEARCH ARTICLE Eun Jung Hwng Æ Murice A. Smith Rez Shdmehr Dissocible effects of the implicit nd explicit memory systems on lerning control of reching
More informationThe effects of color on brightness
rticles The effects of color on rightness R. Beu Lotto nd Dle Purves Deprtment of Neuroiology, Box 3209, Duke University Medicl Center, Durhm, North Crolin 27710, USA Correspondence should e ddressed to
More informationTime trends in repeated spirometry in children
Eur Resplr J 199, 6, 55:H559 Time trends in repeted spirometry in children G. Hoek*t, B. Brunekreef* Time trends in repeted spirometry in children. G. Hoek, B. Brunekreef. BSTRCT: In study on cute helth
More informationGustatory reaction time and time intensity measurements of trehalose and sucrose solutions and their mixtures
Glmrini, Mr Virgini ; Zmor, Mrí Clr ; Chirife, Jorge Gusttory rection time nd time intensity mesurements of trehlose nd sucrose solutions nd their mixtures Preprint del documento publicdo en Journl of
More informationInvasive Pneumococcal Disease Quarterly Report July September 2018
Invsive Pneumococcl Disese Qurterly Report July Septemer Introduction Since 17 Octoer 2008, invsive pneumococcl disese (IPD) hs een notifile to the locl Medicl Officer of Helth under the Helth Act 1956.
More informationFHWA/TX lF IMPACT OF AGGREGATE GRADATION AND TYPE ON ASPHALT MIXTURE CHARACTERISTICS. Research Report 1158-lF. Final
1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. FHWA/TX-91+1158-lF 4. Title nd Subtitle IMPACT OF AGGREGATE GRAATION AN TYPE ON ASPHALT MIXTURE CHARACTERISTICS Technicl Report ocumenttion Pge 3. Recipient's
More informationOptimizing Metam Sodium Fumigation in Fine-Textured Soils
Optimizing Metm Sodium Fumigtion in Fine-Textured Soils Neil C Gudmestd University Distinguished Professor & Endowed Chir of Potto Pthology Deprtment of Plnt Pthology North Dkot Stte University Erly Dying
More informationJournal of Personality
T5r 19c2,4-J uytie& çln 0 Journl of Personlity EDTORAL BOARD GORDON W. ALLPORT Hrvrd University MERTON GLL Austen Riggs Foundtion JOHN GLLN University of North Crolin DONALD. HEBB McGill University DAVD
More informationDynamic imaging of lateral diffusion by electron spin resonance
Dynmic imging of lterl diffusion by electron spin resonnce nd study of rottionl dynmics in model membrnes Effect of cholesterol Y.-K. Shin nd Jck H. Freed Bker Lbortory of Chemistry, Cornell University,
More informationNot for Citation or Publication Without Consent of the Author
Not for Cittion or Puliction Without Consent of the Author AN AUTOMATED SEX PHEROMONE TRAP FOR MONITORING ADULT CM AND OFM AND THE INFLUENCE OF TRAP COLOR ON MOTH AND NON-TARGET CAPTURES Brin L. Lehmn
More informationGeneral Microscopic Changes
Generl Microscopic Chnges 2 This chpter covers collection of microscopic chnges tht lck dignostic specificity ut occur in different specific diseses, s will ecome pprent in susequent chpters. Almost ll
More informationDirectional Valves electro-hydraulically operated (new series) Huade América 1
Directionl Vlves electro-hydruliclly operted (new series) Hude Améric 1 BEIJING HUADE HYDRAULIC INDUSTRIAL GROUP CO.,LTD. Directionl vlves electro-hydruliclly operted (new series) Size 10 to 32 up to 35
More informationRates of weight change for black and white Americans over a twenty year period
Interntionl Journl of Obesity (2003) 27, 498 504 & 2003 Nture Publishing Group All rights reserved 0307-0565/03 $25.00 www.nture.com/ijo PAPER Rtes of weight chnge for blck nd white Americns over twenty
More informationThe step method: A new adaptive psychophysical procedure
Perception & Psychophysics 1989, 45 (6), 572-576 The step method: A new dptive psychophysicl procedure WILLIAM A. SIMPSON York University, North York, Ontrio, Cnd A new dptive psychophysicl method, the
More informationEffect of supplemental fat from dried distillers grains with solubles or corn oil on cow performance, IGF-1, GH, and NEFA concentrations 1
Effect of supplementl ft from dried distillers grins with solules or corn oil on cow performnce, IGF-1, GH, nd NEFA concentrtions 1 Aigil Brtosh 2, Cody Wright 3, Aimee Wertz-Lutz 4, nd George Perry 5
More informationThe concept that reduces food waste, keeps your product fresher and saves money! Sales presentation PerfoLid // 2017
The concept tht reduces food wste, keeps your product fresher nd sves money! Sles presenttion PerfoLid // 2017 Pge 2 of 16 Sles presenttion PerfoLid // 2017 The issue of food wste Almost 50% of ll fresh
More informationReview Article Statistical methods and common problems in medical or biomedical science research
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 017;9(5):157-163 www.ijppp.org /ISSN:1944-8171/IJPPP006608 Review Article Statistical methos an common problems in meical or biomeical science research Fengxia Yan
More informationWORKSHOP FOR SYRIA. A SHORT TERM PROJECT A Collaborative Map proposal Al Moadamyeh, Syria
Al Modmyeh is city locted south-west Dmscus, in Syri. It is fcing post-conflict sitution, fter yers of siege nd displcement of its inhbitnts. Now, the popultion is coming bck, s lso new incomers. Therefore,
More informationMecadox. Improves pig performance in a wide range of health and growing conditions. (Carbadox) Talk With a Phibro Expert:
SWINE (Crbdox) Improves pig performnce in wide rnge of helth nd growing conditions The Advntge Over the yers, medicted feed dditive hs proven to be cost-effective mngement tool for improving pig performnce
More informationMid-Spatial Frequency Error (PSD-2) of optics induced during CCOS and full-aperture polishing
J. Europ. Opt. Soc. Rp. Public. 8, 13031 2013 www.jeos.org Mid-Sptil Frequency Error PSD-2 of optics induced during CCOS nd full-perture polishing D. Lio defeng_lio@163.com Chengdu Fine Opticl Engineering
More informationTE INTERRELATIONSHIP. Studies of the development of diabetic ketosis in the rat. * Research Career Development Awardee 5-K3-AM 9968,
Studies of the development of dibetic ketosis in the rt Jurgen M. Meier, J. Denis McGrry, Gerld R. Floon, Roger H. Unger, nd Dniel W. Foster* Deprtments of Internl Medicine nd Biochemistry, The University
More information(News Release) The Results of Radioactive Material Monitoring of the Surface Water Bodies within Ibaraki Prefecture (February-March Samples)
(News Relese) The Results of Rdioctive Mteril Monitoring of the Surfce Wter Bodies within Ibrki Prefecture (Februry-Mrch Smples) Fridy, April 19, 2013 Wter Environment Division, Environment Mngement Bureu,
More informationLATE RESULTS OF TRANSFER OF THE TIBIAL TUBERCLE FOR RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF THE PATELLA1
LATE RESULTS OF TRANSFER OF THE TIBIAL TUBERCLE FOR RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF THE PATELLA1 W. G. J. HAMPSON nd P. HILL, BRISTOL, ENGLAND The uthors wished to determine the lte results of the Huser opertion,
More informationRoughage Type & Level & Grain Processing Interactions with Distiller s s Grains Diets. Matt May High Plains Bio Fuels Co-Product Nutrition Conference
Roughge Type & Level & Grin Processing Interctions with Distiller s s Grins Diets Mtt My High Plins Bio Fuels Co-Product Nutrition Conference Why do we flke grin? Stem-flked corn (SFC) vs. dry-rolled rolled
More informationHEMOGLOBIN STANDARDS*
HEMOGLOBIN STANDARDS* RUSSELL L. HADEN Clevelnd Clinic, Clevelnd, Ohio Estimtions of hemoglobin often re unstisfctory to the lbortory worker nd the reports my be confusing to the clinicin. Unfortuntely,
More informationEffect of 1-Methylcyclopropene on the Physiology and Yield of Cotton. Derrick Oosterhuis Eduardo Kawakami and Dimitra Loka University of Arkansas
Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene on the Physiology nd Yield of Cotton Derrick Oosterhuis Edurdo Kwkmi nd Dimitr Lok University of Arknss Cotton Crop Gossypium hirsutum Unique out cotton Perennil grown s
More informationRotoroll OK! User's Guide
Rotoroll Pge Sfety preution. The user must never open Rotoroll to inspet it, reple prts or unertke repirs. The reeling mehnisms spring my pop out of its set n use mge n injury to persons, nimls n ojets
More informationFunctional dissection of circuitry in a neural integrator
ATICES 27 Nture Publishing Group http://www.nture.com/ntureneuroscience Functionl dissection of circuitry in neurl integrtor Emre Aksy 1,2, Itsso Olsgsti 3, Brett D Mensh 4, obert Bker 5, Mrk S Goldmn
More informationHamstrings stretch reflex in human spasticity
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychit., 1971, 34, 231-235 Hmstrings stretch reflex in humn spsticity DAVID BURKE', J. D. GILLIES2, AND JAMES W. LANCE From the Division of Neurology, The Prince Henry Hospitl, Sydney,
More informationLimits of focused attention in three-dimensional space
Perception & Psychophysics 1993, 53 (6), 658-667 Limits of focused ttention in three-dimensionl spce GORG J. ANDRSN University of liforni, Riverside, liforni nd ARTHUR F. KRAMR University of Illinois,
More informationDynamic changes in the direction of blood flow through the ductus arteriosus at birth
J Physiol 587.19 (2009) pp 4695 4703 4695 Dynmic chnges in the irection of bloo flow through the uctus rteriosus t birth Kelly J. Crossley 1,BethJ.Allison 1,GremeR.Polglse 2,ColinJ.Morley 3,4, Peter G.
More informationChapter II. THE PREVALENCE METHOD John Bongaarts*
Chpter II THE PREVALENCE METHOD John Bongrts* This chpter describes nd pplies new methodology for estimting the fertility impct of contrception obtined through fmily plnning progrmme. This pproch is clled
More informationEffect of calcium, magnesium and sodium ions on
Gut, 1989, 30, 665-670 Effect of clcium, mgnesium nd sodium ions on in vitro nucletion of humn gll bldder bile W D NEITHERCUT From the Western Infirmry nd Grtnvel Generl Hospitl, Glsgow SUMMRY The effect
More informationNetwork physiology reveals relations between network topology and physiological function
Receied 8 No 2 Accepted 24 Jn 22 Pulished 28 Fe 22 DOI:.38/ncomms75 Network physiology reels reltions etween network topology nd physiologicl function Amir Bshn, *, Ronny P. Brtsch 2, *, Jn.. Kntelhrdt
More informationQuantifying perceived impact of scientific publications
Quntifying perceived impct of scientific publictions Filippo Rdicchi, Alexnder Weissmn, nd John Bollen Center for Complex Networks nd Systems Reserch, School of Informtics nd Computing, Indin University,
More informationResearch Article. Assessment of the potential of Prosopis cineraria seedlings in uptake of lead and zinc
Avilble online www.jocpr.com Journl of Chemicl n Phrmceuticl Reserch, 2015, 7(12):10221028 Reserch Article ISSN : 09757384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Assessment of the potentil of Prosopis cinerri seelings in
More information2 nd Properties of the Exponential Functions
Dte:/26/25 2 nd Clss Objective: Appl the concept to eplore the properties of functions of the form = bˣ. Appl the concept to grph eponentil functions tht hve bse e Agend: Bell ringer (e: 3,32 pge 44) vocbulr
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementry Online Content Zulmn DM, Pl Chee C, Ezeji-Okoye SC, et l. Effect of n intensive outptient progrm to ugment primry cre for high-need Veterns Affirs ptients: rndomized clinicl tril. JAMA Intern
More informationFast ensemble representations for abstract visual impressions
Received Oct 2 Accepted Sep 2 Pulished Nov 2 Fst ensemle representtions for strct visul impressions Allison Ymnshi Lei, Ann Kosovichev 2 & Dvid Whitney DOI:./ncomms OPEN Much of the richness of perception
More information