Research Article. Assessment of the potential of Prosopis cineraria seedlings in uptake of lead and zinc

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1 Avilble online Journl of Chemicl n Phrmceuticl Reserch, 2015, 7(12): Reserch Article ISSN : CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Assessment of the potentil of Prosopis cinerri seelings in uptke of le n zinc Noorein Mousvi 1*, Shbnm Solimnnej 1 n Irj Prvneh 2 1 Deprtment of Forestry, Fculty of Nturl Resources, Islmic Az University of Chlos, I. R. Irn 2 Deprtment of Forestry, Fculty of Nturl Resources, University of Tehrn, I. R. Irn ABSTRACT In orer to investigte the tolernce n impcts of Pb n Zn bsorption on P. cinerri 4monthol seelings were expose to Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (in five ifferent concentrtions: 0, 50,, 500 n 1000 (mg/ L) n ZnSO 4 (in 4 ifferent concentrtions: 0, 50, n 500 (mg/l) for 45 ys. Then, the smples were hrveste n some morphologicl ttributes n bioccumultions of Pb 2+ n Zn 2+ in ifferent plnt tissues were ssesse. Results for Pb showe tht some ttributes were ffecte by Pb. Morphologicl symptoms of Pb effects on the lef were ppere with thin, yellow n brown spots on the lef in high concentrtion (1000 mg/l) n more thn 70% of totl ccumulte Pb (2518 mg/kg) were ccumulte root tissues. Results for zinc inicte tht most of ttributes were ffecte by Zn. Morphologicl symptoms of Zn effects were observe with ecresing in root imeter, height n biomss in high concentrtion (500 mg/l) n lmost 80% of Zn (3046/2mg/kg) ws ccumulte in root tissues. ith respect to bioccumultion fctor, trnsfer fctor n strong root system, A. victorie cn be suggeste s Pb n Zn stbilizing n ccoring mount of ccumulte Pb in bove groun prts in high concentrtion (1000 mg/l) cn be consiere s Pb hyperccumultors species. Therefore, A. victorie cn be use s suitble species for remeition of Pb n Zn contminte res fter complementry stuies. Key wors: Bioconcentrtion fctor, Hyper ccumultor, Morphologicl trits, Phytoremeition, Trnsloction fctor. INTRODUCTION Toy, ifferent resources pollution to hevy metls is one of the most importnt environmentl problems. In orer to reuce pollution of inorgnic contminnts n hevy metls, chemicl n physicl methos use, but unfortuntely most of these methos re expensive n cuses soil egrtion n the environment [23]. In recent yers, in the fiel of phytoremeition technology, from green plnts n their reltionship with soil microorgnisms to reuce pollution of vrious sources in the environment ws use, which this metho is ecofrienly n fforble n oes not require expert forces n improves hbitt, removl of environmentl pollution, mintining biologicl ctivity n the physicl structure of the soil [17], Singh et l [23]. Species known so fr hve ccumulte gret bility for growth in the contminte soil n fmilies re: llflower, cerel, Euphorbi, chicory, mint n legumes [12]. Hevy metls of Pb n Zn re mong the most importnt. Norml mount of Pb in soil is 15 mg/kg, but this mount in noncontminte ciic soils contminte soil to 4010 n contminte soils more thn 100 mg/kg [24]. In some stuies, the concentrtion of Pb, 1,000 times more thn norml rnge it s reporte [17]. This element is non 1022

2 Noorein Mousvi et l J. Chem. Phrm. Res., 2015, 7(12): bioegrble n tens to ccumulte in biologicl systems, but h not significnt impct in the plnts' physiologicl responses, n ue to chemicl similrity to the essentil elements, There is the possibility of ttrcting the plnt [9], As well s unesirble effects on see germintion, plnt growth n photosynthesis which cuses reuce plnt height, moist n ry weight n biomss prouction, preventing the synthesis of chlorophyll, poisoning n impire metbolism of the plnt, reuce the bsorption of minerls n plnt function, loss of prouct qulity n biologicl ctivity which increse soil fertility [6]. In the cse of Zn, the totl mount of it s in soil is 50 mg/kg, n in soils contminte is to more thn 70 mg/kg. Inuce toxicity of Zn in lef of plnts, usully ppering in higher concentrtion of 100 mg/kg [4]. It is n importnt fctor in plnt nutrition n enzymtic ctivities (ue to high mobility esily bsorbe by the roots of plnts), s well s protein synthesis processes of chloroplsts n plnt growth hormones re ffecte [6]. Element Zn is known n essentil micronutrient for plnt growth n evelopment, but in high concentrtions, becuse of replcement by essentil elements, h negtive effect on yiel n foo prouction plnts, s well s this metl is completely soluble in slightly ciic soils n too much ppliction of phosphte fertilizers in griculture is n fctors increse it s in soil [6], [25]. Vrious stuies on the effects of Pb n Zn on the trees h been conucte. In stuy bout the sorption of Pb n Zn in mngrove trees (Avicenni mrin L), it ws foun tht high concentrtions of these metls ccumulte in the root cell wlls tht limite the trnsfer of Pb n Zn to plnt eril prts [11]. By stuying the bsorption of Pb n Zn by trees of Frxinus (Frxinus excelsior L.), cci (Robini pseuo cci L.), poplr (Populous lb L.), Acer (Acer pseuopltnus L.) n Alnus (Alnus glotinos L.) revele tht the this metls were ccumulte in eril prts n poplr highest mount of Pb n Zn store in their lef n h the highest rte of growth in contrst to other species [15]. In stuy in the mngrove forest (Avicenni mrin L.) the ccumultion of Pb n Zn ws investigte n it ws foun tht Zn in fruit n Zn in roots ws collecte n the mount of Zn ws (6.20 mg/kg) more thn of Pb tht is reson for micronutrient of Zn element [18]. In stuy on nnul seelings of Acci victorie L. results emonstrte tht this plnt is one species of concentrtions of Pb n storge highest n lowest of Pb is in roots (3580 mg/kg) n lef (650 mg/kg) occurs, respectively [12]. P. cinerri tree of the legume fmily (Mimosoiee), which s stbilizing of the une n lso use to evelop suburbn green spces n protective coting roun of frms. P. cinerri h prticulrly importnt in the process of soil reform with noules of their roots tht cuse nitrogen fixtion n subsequent increse soil fertility. The reson for choosing P. cinerri high cpcity to pt to with extreme environmentl conitions in orer to the cultivtion n revive those [12].The im of this stuy ws evlute the resistnce of P. cinerri 4monthol seelings to Pb n Zn metls n impct of them on some morphologicl chrcteristics of P. cinerri, the ccumultion mount of metls in the plnt orgns s well s investigte the potentil use of the plnt in phytoremeition technology. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION The P. cinerri sees in plstic pots (20 cm in height n 15 cm in imeter) with cpcity of 5.2 kg ry soil of frm in rtio of 2:1:1 (rie niml mnure, sngrvel, soil) with texture of silt lomy ll pots were plnte. Some soil physicl n chemicl properties use, re presente in Tble 1. Also, wtering pots took plce, on the bsis of 60% of fiel cpcity clculte. After 4 months, the pots were trnsferre to the environment n fifteen pots in five concentrtions of 0, 50, n 500 by zinc sulfte solution for completely rnomize esign were trete for 45 ys. Becuse the ll the pots were the sme ge (4 months) trie pots h lowest ifference in terms of height, Succulence, lef number, etc. to be selecte for tretment. Control smples (zero ose) uring this perio were irrigte with wter only n no metl ws not e to them. After the en tretment, the of plnt morphology trits such s lef number n height of the root, stem n totl plnt, collr imeter (using igitl cliper 15 cm with the ccurcy of 0/001 mm) ws clculte. Moist n ry weight the ifferent plnt prts (Liu et l., 2008), Plnt tolernce the inex (the rtio of tretment root length to control tretment) [13], n inhibition size inex of plnt growth (ry weight control tretment minus the ry weight of tretment ivie on ry weight of control tretment) [12], Bioccumultion coefficient (the mount of metl in the orgns (eril n unergroun) to the mount of metl inuce into the soil) [13], Enrichment coefficient (the mount of metl inuce into the soil to mount metl concentrtion in the eril orgns) [28], Trnsfer fctor (the mount of metl concentrtion in eril orgns (lef n stems) to mount of metl concentrtion in the plnt unergroun orgns) [12], In ition, the concentrtion rtio of metls (Pb n Zn) stem to Root (S/R) leve to root (L/R) n lef to stem (L/S) ws clculte until P. cinerri bility in trnsfer metl to ifferent orgns exmine. Uptke Inex (result multiplying the weight of ry mtter concentrtion of the element in the eril orgns) were mesure. After hrvest, lef, 1023

3 Noorein Mousvi et l J. Chem. Phrm. Res., 2015, 7(12): stems n roots were seprte n wshe n fter mesure the weight of the smples, smples were in the oven t 70 for 48 hours to ry, then were mesure with igitl scle with ccurcy 0/001. Next, 0/1 grms of power smples of ech orgn, the rtio of 1: 2: 8 with 65% nitric ci, sulfuric ci n perchloric ci were igeste [16]. Finlly, the concentrtion of Pb n Zn by tomic bsorption spectrometer CTA2000 AAS moel ws re. Sttisticl nlysis of mesurement chrcteristics with using SPSS softwre ws performe. ANOVA test n mens comprison ws one by LSD t 5% level n rwing of grphs ws use Excel softwre. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Anlysis of vrince n how respon seelings to Pb The results of vrince nlysis Pb metl revele tht chrcters: stem length, plnt height, collr imeter, lef number, inhibition size inex of plnt growth, moist weight of leve, stem n totl, ry weight of stem n totl, mount of bsorption in orgns, trnsfer gent, bsorption Inex, bioccumultion coefficient (unergroun n eril) n enrichment ws significnt t (P<0.05), (Tbles 2 n 3). Results of the verge comprison trits evlute Pb metl (Tble 4 n 5), showe tht the plnt totl height in concentrtions of, 500 n 1000 mg/l n stem length t concentrtions of 500 n 1000 mg/l h significnt ifference with the control tretment (n increse of 25% t concentrtion of 500 mg/l, compre to the control) tht shows the effect of Pb nitrte on plnt growth. But wsn t observe significnt ifference for root length in ll concentrtions. Thus increse concentrtion of Pb ws effective on totl height. Collr Dimeter t concentrtions of, 500 n 1000 mg/l h significnt ifference with the control tretment n with incresing concentrtion of Pb, collr imeter increse (increse of 80% t concentrtion of 500 mg/l, compre to the control tretment). Difference ws significnt for verge number of plnt lef in the concentrtion of 1000 mg/l, so tht in concentrtion of 1000 mg/l were significntly lower number of lef. Moist weight of leve in tretments of, 500 n 1000 mg/l n stem moist n totl weight in two concentrtion of n 500 mg/l h significntly ifferent with the control tretment, but weren t exits significnt ifferences in root moist weight for ll tretments. Results foune for stem, root n totl ry weight conforme with results obtine for stem, root n totl moist weight, so tht stem n totl ry weight in concentrtions of n 500 mg/l h significntly ifferent with control tretment (with increse concentrtion the mount of ry weight ws e). Increse 80% of totl moist weight n 95% of totl ry weight t 500 mg/l compre to the control tretment, but t root ry weight, significnt ifference wsnot seen with the control tretment. Different wsn t significnt for Tolernce Inex (bse on root length control n tretment) t ifferent concentrtions of Pb, In cse tht inhibition size inex of plnt growth (inicting severe stress on the plnt) in ll concentrtions of Pb h significnt ifference with the control. Decrese tolernce inex n increse inhibition size inex of plnt growth t concentrtions of Pb high reflects the negtive impct of Pb on the strength of P. cinerri (Tble 4). The mount of le bsorbe by the roots n stems t ll levels of 50,, 500 n 1000 mg/l n lef uptke t concentrtions of 500 n 1000 mg/l with control tretment showe significnt ifference. Lef n stem concentrtion rtio to Pb root (L/R, S/R) ecrese with incresing concentrtions of Pb, but the concentrtion rtio of lef to stem (L/S) increse n significnt ifference between tretments in the concentrtion rtio (L/R, L/S) ws foun. Bioccumultion coefficient (mount of bsorption in the orgns to the mount of solution incoming to the soil) shows tht in ll experiments the coefficient is greter thn one (coefficient>1) (Averge Bioccumultion coefficient of eril prts: 3/1 (imensionless)). Tble 1. Some physicl n chemicl properties of the soil smples use soil texture N (mg/kg) K (mg/kg) Orgnic crbon (%) Totl nitrogen (%) EC (s/m) ph Cly Silt Sn /33 0/163 3/6 7/1 Tble 2. Anlysis of vrince of morphologicl ttributes evlute t investigte the mount of Pb bsorbe by P. cinerri 4monthol seelings Source of vrition Tretme nt D F Error 10 RL SL PL D LN LM SM Men Squre RM 4 ns ** ** * * * ** ns ** ns * ns * ns ** 17/9 9/9 11/9 0/0 370/3 0/36 0/10 0/03 0/01 0/76 0/052 0/79 0/ **, *ifferent ws Significnt t (P<1%) n (P<5%) respectively, n ns mens ifferent wsn t Significnt. TM LD SD RD TD TI 431/ 4 GGI 0/

4 Noorein Mousvi et l J. Chem. Phrm. Res., 2015, 7(12): Trnsfer gent (the mount of contminnt trnsport from root to eril prts) in ll tretments is smller thn one (verge of its 0/52 mg/kg), which represents the ccumultion of Pb in the roots of this specie. Enrichment coefficient (the mount of metl into the soil to the metl concentrtion of eril orgns) with increse pollutnt concentrtions increse, n ll tretments were significntly ifferent from ech other, which shows with increse in the concentrtion of Pb, Its vlue ws increse in eril orgns. Absorption Inex (ry mtter weight mount of element concentrtion in eril orgns) reflects the impct of mount of Pb bsorption on the plnt biomss which in the tretment of 50 mg/l is significntly ifferent from other tretments. Tble 3. Anlysis of vrince bsorption mount, trnsmission rtio, bsorption coefficient n trnsfer of Pb by P. cinerri 4monthol seelings Source of vrition DF Men Squre Lef Stem Root S/R L/R L/S TF UI EC BCF(root) BCF(ir) Tretment 4 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Error / /4 0/003 0/002 0/01 0/ /1 0/112 0/38 0/29 **, Different ws Significnt t (P<1%). Tble 4. Compre the verge morphology jectives evlute t investigte the mount of Pb bsorbe by P. cinerri 4monthol seelings (Tretments bse on mg/l) Tretme Attribute evlute nt SL(cm) PL(cm) D(cm) LN LM(gr) SM(gr) TM(gr) SD(gr) TD(gr) GGI 1/18±0/44 0/32±0/27 control 21±2/5 41±1 1/22±0 45/6±21/4 0/7±0/41 2/2±1/03 1/02±0/4 0/2±0 36±2/5 1/48±0/25 1/11± 0/47±0/28 0/31±0/13 0/89±0/32 0/22±0/ ±1b 15±12/6b 1/7±1/3b b b /96b b b b b 26/3±4/4 53±5/1 2/13±0/54 4/17±0/77 0/69±0/13 /6c 52/3±12c 1/4±0/11c 1/8±0/7c 0/22±0/12 c c c c c /7±3/5c 30/7±1/2c e 49±36c 2/3±0/15c 51/68±31/3 c 2/01±0/44 c 1/5±0/13c 4/01±0/62 0/68±0/12 51±1/8 1/68±0/17 4/29±4/7c 1/71±0/23 0/56±0/11 0/45±0/4e 0/46±0/4e ce ce e be e Exit similr symptom, showing no significnt ifference between tretments (P<5%). 1/88±0/3 1/14±0/4b e 0/01±0/03 0/02±0/12 e Tble 5. Compre the verge bsorption mount, trnsmission rtio, bsorption coefficient n trnsfer of Pb by P. cinerri 4monthol seelings (Tretments bse on mg/l). Attribute evlute Tretm BCF ent Lef Stem Root S/R L/R L/S TF UI EC BCF(ir) (root) control 120±7/ 232±51/ 609±20/6 0/32±0/0 0/99±0/ 0/52±0/0 0/56±0/0 340/7±14 0/05±/1 11/4±1/0 50 7/3±1/ b 02 76b 6b 3/ ±51 333±49/ 106±62/5 0/29±0/0 0/17±0/ 0/55±0/2 0/51±0/0 989/5±34 0/14±0/ 4/02±0/2 2/1±0/16 7b b 2bc 05 bc 4bc 7/7c 1b 3bc bc 540/± ±20 0/29±0/0 0/16±0/ 0/52±0/0 0/52±0/0 1622/2±3 0/22±0/ 3/1±0/65 1/69±0/ /2b /2c 1/2c 2bc 01 5b 2b 3 03c c 2c 382±30 655±64/ 2512±33 0/26±0/0 0/14±0/ 0/57±0/0 0/4±0/ ±432 0/29±0/ 2/4±0/32 1/03±0/ /1c 3 5/2 2bc 03 4 bc /2b 02 c 5c Exit similr symptom, showing no significnt ifference between tretments (P<5%). Tble 6. Anlysis of vrince of morphologicl ttributes evlute t investigte the mount of Zn bsorbe by P. cinerri 4monthol seelings Source of Men Squre DF vrition RL SL PL D LN LM SM RM TM LD SD RD TD TI GGI Tretment 3 ** * ** * * * * ** ** * ** * ** ** ** Error 8 16/ /67 0/ /221 0/211 0/112 0/47 0/097 0/133 0/124 0/51 54/67 0/002 **, * ifferent ws Significnt t (P<1%) n (P<5%) respectively. Anlysis of vrince n how respon seelings to Zn The results of nlysis of vrince for Zn showe tht ifferent for stem, root n totl height of plnt, moist n ry weight of plnt, collr imeter, lef number, tolernce vlues, inhibition size inex of plnt growth, mount of 1025

5 Noorein Mousvi et l J. Chem. Phrm. Res., 2015, 7(12): bsorption in orgns, trnsfer gent, bsorption Inex, bioccumultion coefficient (unergroun n eril) n enrichment ws significnt t the 5% level (P <0/05) (tbles 6 &7). The results of comprison of verges of evlution chrcteristics Zn (Tbles 8 n 9) show tht ll morphologicl trits stuie t concentrtion of 500 mg/l, with other tretment h significnt ifferences. Therefore concentrtion of 500 mg/l Zn hve negtive impct on growth, yiel n plnt biomss. It cn be conclue tht reucing the tolernce inex n increse Inhibition size inex of plnt growth t high concentrtions reflects the negtive impct Zn on the tolernce vlue of this specie. Amount of Asorption Zn in the lef, stems n roots in ll three concentrtions were significntly ifferent with control tretment. Investigte rtio of the Zn concentrtion of the stem to the roots, lef to roots n stems to lef (S/R, L/R, n L/S) shows tht by incresing Zn concentrtion the mount of trnsmission is reuce n there significnt ifferences between rtios (S/R, L/R) t 500 mg/l. Bioccumultion coefficient ws greter thn one t ll concentrtions (verge of bioccumultion coefficient of root n eril orgns is 6/03 n 2/48 respectively, (imensionless)) n ifferent for bioccumultion coefficient of root in ll tretment with ech other ws significnt. Also trnsfer gent t ll concentrtions is less thn one (verge it s 0/41 mg/kg), which represents the ccumultion of Zn in Roots of this specie n emonstrte tht ifferent for tretment of 500 mg/l from other tretments ws significntly. Enrichment coefficient in ll tretments ws significntly ifferent tht inicte tht Zn Accumultion in eril orgns hve correltion with increse of concentrtions in the soil. Absorption Inex t concentrtion of 500 mg/l ecrese tht reflects the negtive impct Zn on plnt biomss (Tble 9). Tble 7. Anlysis of vrince bsorption mount, trnsmission rtio, bsorption coefficient n trnsfer of Zn by P. cinerri 4monthol seelings Source of vrition DF Men Squre Lef Stem Root S/R L/R L/S TF UI EC BCF(root) BCF(ir) Tretment 3 ** * ** * ** ** * ** ** ** * Error 8 522/ / /12 0/002 0/002 0/03 0/ /91 0/00 0/022 0/662 **, ifferent ws Significnt t (P<1%). Tble 8. Compre the verge morphology jectives evlute t investigte the mount of Zn bsorbe by P. cinerri 4monthol seelings (Tretments bse on mg/l) Tretm ent control Attribute evlute RL SL PL D LN LM SM RM TM LD SD RD TD TI GGI 32±5/ 4 36±1/ 9 38±1/ 4 24±2/ 4b 33±1 37±4/ 9 40±1 24±3/ 2b 65±5/ 1 73±6 75±1 48±5/ 1b /4 2/7±0 140±1 1/2 129±3 121±8/ 9 2/3±0 /4 2/9±0 /4 2/7±0 /4 2/7±0 9/7±0/ 5 9/4±0/ 4b 10/2±0 /5b 1/6±0/ 2 1/9±0/ 0/3 2±0/3 1/8±0 /5 2/1±0 /3 1/4±0 /2 1/6±0 /4 2/1±0 /4 1/6±0 94±12/ 1/5±0 1/6±0 1/6±0 7/2±0/ 1/3±0 1±0/2 1±0/2b /3b 8b /3b /3b /3b 3c /3b b Exit similr symptom, showing no significnt ifference between tretments (P<5%). 4/4±0 5/2±1 5/6±0 /3 2/9±0 /3b 99/4±0 109±6/ 5 112/3± 6/4 72/1±9/ 2b 0/1±0 0/03±0/ 04 0/03±0/ 02 0/08±0/ 1b Tble 9. Compre the verge bsorption mount, trnsmission rtio, bsorption coefficient n trnsfer of Zn by P. cinerri 4monthol seelings (Tretments bse on mg/l) Tretm Attribute evlute ent BCF(ro BCF(i Lef Stem Root S/R L/R L/S TF UI EC ot) r) control 50 81/3±6/3 123±16/3 425/1±73 0/3±0/2 0/2±0/0 0/67±0/ 0/4±0/1 1203/4±20 0/07±0/2 7/3±1/3 3/9±0/ / /5b c ±27/ 240/6±2/4 840±110/ 0/26±0/ 0/18±0/ 0/65±0/ 0/43±0/ 2587/2±43 0/3±0/02 3/3±0/4 1/59±0 4b b 9b /3 5 c /3b /2±3 529/2± ±39 0/16±0/ 0/07±0/ 0/60±0/ 0/22±0/ 2370±530/ 0/12±0/0 5/9±0/7 1/57±0 0/6c 5/1c 0/1c 05b 01b 12 07b 1 11b b /3b Exit similr symptom, showing no significnt ifference between tretments (P<5%). 1026

6 Noorein Mousvi et l J. Chem. Phrm. Res., 2015, 7(12): CONCLUSION Effects Pb n Zn on prouction of seelings biomss Reuce the growth, the rection of wie rnge of plnts in len soils with hevy metls. This growth Reuce in plnts coul reuce root biomss tht with severity of it, the totl biomss prouction in plnts is low. This Reuce the growth my be ue to metl toxicity contrst with plnt nutrients n prevent root penetrtion in the soil [2].The results this stuy showe tht the biomss of P. cinerri s inictor growth performnce, t lower concentrtions (prior to 1000 mg/l of Pb n 500 mg/l Zn) not only i not ecrese, but lso this hevy metls h positive impct on seelings growth compre to the control smples. This stimultes the growth my be ue to high resistnce of P. cinerri ginst reltively high concentrtions of Pb, Zn or nitrogen tht exist in Pb slt Cuse the increse plnt biomss growth [2], [12]. Stuies such s [2], Kukov et l [8], Mhvi et l [12] reporte tht lowlevel Pb cuse the growing n prouction of more biomss thn the control plnts. However, high concentrtions of Pb in P. cinerri h negtive effect on totl ry biomss of plnt which confirms the finings Mhvi et l [12]. Mlono et l [13] n Also The reuction totl ry biomss of plnt t high concentrtions of Zn comptible with finings Juith et l [7] n Sgroy et l [21]. Effects Pb n Zn on the growth chrcteristics of length n seelings root Inhibits of root growth is One of the primry effects of Pb toxicity [12], but the results showe tht Pb i not hve significnt effect on root length tht this finings ws confirme by results of [20]. Root length ecrese in high concentrtion Zn tht this finings ws confirme by results of Brown n ilkins [3]. However, Reuce the length of root by reucing totl height of plnts ws ssocite. Reuce the totl length of plnt in high concentrtion Zn by results of Juith et l [7], Sgroy et l [21], An Tng et l [25] n lso t high concentrtions Pb by results Mhvi et l [12], Mlono et l [13] An Mukhtr et l [17], ws confirme. This reuce the totl height my be ue to reuce root growth n wter trnsfer n nutrients to the eril orgns [12]. Also, in high concentrtions of Pb, increse of plnt height ws observe tht ws confirme by ng et l [26]. The toxicity of Pb n Zn on P. cinerri seelings Zn is n essentil ingreient for plnts n its toxicity threshol ccoring to species, time of exposure to stress by Zn n composition of nutrients in growth environment is ifferent [22]. Accoring to the reserchers, the first signs of Zn toxicity in plnts yellowing young lef [5], but results of this stuy showe tht there ws no sign of Zn toxicity on lef of P. cinerri, s well s on t hve serious mge on the plnt so P. cinerri hve lrge concentrtion tolernce cpcity of Zn. But morphology symptoms of effect by reucing collr imeter, height n reuce 55% of the totl ry weight of the biomss plnt t concentrtion of 500 mg/l compre with control seelings were foun, tht this results with the finings of Mrchiol et l [14] is consistent. Finlly, the inex reuction the vlue of plnt tolernce with reserch results Mhvi et l [12], ng et l [26] n increse Inhibition size inex of plnt growth by results of Mhvi et l [12] ws confirme. Symptoms of Pb toxicity in concentrtion of 1000 mg/l occurs with yellowing lef n roots, reucing ry biomss, plnt height n the vitlity n vibility. However, ue to young seelings, if continue tretment with high concentrtions of Pb, coul be probbly tht ll plnts eliminte, becuse the survivl of in fifteen pots ws 85%. The potentil uptke n trnsfer of Pb n Zn in P. cinerri seelings The root is the first orgn contct with toxic elements, n s usul, the ccumultion of metls in plnt roots is more of eril orgns [13]. It In fct protection the eril prts of the plnt ginst toxicity of metls t high concentrtions s well s more plnts ccumulte hevy metl, little bility to trnsfer pollution from root to eril orgns [24]. Accoring to results this stuy, ws foun tht the coefficient of unergroun n overhe limbs bioccumultion of le n zinc in ll tretments more thn one n less thn one gent in ll tretments. The reserch foun tht Bioconcentrtion coefficient of unergroun n eril orgns of Pb n Zn more thn one n trnsfer gent less thn one in ll tretments. Bse on reserch results, specie tht the coefficient of root ws greter thn one n trnsfer gent smller thn one, Plnt species suitble for stbiliztion [27]. On the other hn, mount ccumultion of Zn in root, stem n lef 3046/2, 532/1 259/73 mg/kg respectively tht occurre t 500 mg/l. In fct, the Zn uptke in root ws six times more thn of stem n 12 times of lef. Also the highest mount of Pb ccumultion in root, stem n lef 2518, 665, 392 mg/kg were respectively tht hppene in tretment 100 mg/l. In fct, bsorption mount of Pb in the root ws four times more thn of stem n seven times of lef (much bsorption of Zn compre to bsorption of Pb show tht it ws necessry) (Tbles 5 & 9). Accoring to the mximum bsorption of Pb n Zn in roots compre to eril orgns, It cn be conclue tht P. cinerri hs high potentil, suitble for stbiliztion tht with the results McFrlne n Burchett [11], Mhvi et l [12], Qiu et l [18] ws 1027

7 Noorein Mousvi et l J. Chem. Phrm. Res., 2015, 7(12): confirme. Bse on the finings Reeves n Bker [19] plnts hve bility ccumulte more thn 0/1% of 1000 mg/km of Pb n 1% 1000 mg/kg Zn in their eril orgns, re consiere ultr ccumultion species. Accoring to the results showe tht P. cinerri is ultrccumultion of Pb. Becuse of in concentrtion of 1000 mg/l, P. cinerri 4monthol seelings showe bility to ccumulte 1057 mg/kg of Pb in their eril orgns. Also results showe tht by incresing the concentrtion of pollutnts in the orgns, enrichment coefficient increse tht reflects the bility of Pb n Zn concentrtions in eril orgns with increse concentrtions of metls in soil, n in the ll tretments ifference ws significnt tht with the results Assreh et l [1] ws confirme. Therefore bsorption inex is strongest criteri for etermining the potentil of refinement of plnt. In both metls, with incresing concentrtion of pollutnts, ecrese bsorption inex, which reflects the impct of metls on the plnt biomss. In the en, ue to the high concentrtion of Zn n Pb in the roots, strong tolernce n root system of P. cinerri (vlue of P. cinerri is high resistnce in sline soils n ry res), hve high fixtion potentil for clering res contminte with these metls in ry res. Since mount of trnsition of Pb n Zn to eril orgns ws low, the risk of getting these metls into the foo chin through niml omesticte by feeing lef is little n plnt root s biologicl ores to the revivl of this metls re use. REFERENCES [1] Assreh M.A; A. Shrit; n A Ghmri Zre, Cspin Journl of Environment Science, 2008, 6(2), [2] Begoni G.B; C.D Dvis; M.F.T Begoni, n C.N Gry, Bulletin of Environmentl Contmintion n Toxicology, 1998, 61(1), [3] Brown M.T; D.A ilkins. Journl of New Phytologist, 1985, 99, [4] Deng D.M;.S Shu; J Zhng; H.L Zou; Z Lin; Z.H Ye, n M.H ong, Environmentl Pollution, 2007, 147: [5] Fontes R.L.F; F.R Cox,, Journl of Plnt Nutrition, 1995, 18, [6] Golubev I.A, Hnbook of Phytoremeition, Nov Science Publisher, Inc. 2011, 840 pp. [7] Juith A.R; S.P Crl; n L.G Mrc, Journl of Plnt Physiology, 1977, 59, [8] Kukov J; E Mnouski; n N Clogerkis, Interntionl Journl of Phytoremeition, 2008, 1(10), [9] Lin C.J; L Liu; T Liu; L Zhu; n D ng, Environmentl n Experimentl Botny, 2009, 65(2), [10] Liu J.N; Q.X Zhou; T Sun; L.Q M; n S ng, Journl of Hzrous Mterils, 2008, 151(1), [11] McFrlne G.R; n M.D Burchett, Aqutic Botny, 2000, 68, [12] Mhvi A; K Khermnr; S Ahmi Asbchin; n R Tbrki, Interntionl Journl of Phytoremeition, 2014, 16(6), [13] Mlono A; E Fvel Torres; F River Cbrer; n T.L VolkeSepulve, Plnt n Soil, 2011, 339, [14] Mrchiol L; S Assolri; P Scco; n G Zerbi, Environmentl Pollution, 2004, 132,2127. [15] Mertens J; P Verveke; A.D Schrijver; n S Luyssert, Science of the Totl Environment, 2004, 326, [16] Moreir H; A.P.G.C Mrques; A.O.S.S Rngel; n P.M.L Cstro, ter, Air n Soil Pollution, 2011, 221, [17] Mukhtr S; H Bhtti; M Khli; M Anwr; n M Shhz, Journl of Botny, 2010, 42(6), [18] Qiu Y.; K.F.Yu G. Zhng; n.x ng, Journl of Hzrous Mterils, 2011, 190(1), [19] Reeves R.D; n A.J.M Bker, Phytoremeition of toxic metls. In: Rskin I, Ensley BD (es) Using plnts to clen up the environment. iley, New York, 2000, 193 PP. [20] Roongtnkit N; n P Chiroj, Nturl Science, 2001, 35,4650. [21] Sgroy R.F; A.F Morles; N Lopez Mill; A Abı; n J Abı, Journl of Plnt Biology, 2009, 11, [22] Sores C.R.S; P.H Grzziotti; J.O Siqueir, J.G; De Crvlho; n F.M.S Moreir, 2001, Pesquis Agropecuári Brsili, 36(2): [23] Singh D; A Tiwri; n R Gupt, Journl of Agriculturl Technology, 2012, 8(1), 111. [24] Shrm P; n R.S Dubey, Journl of Plnt Science, 2005, 167, [25] Tng Y; Q Rong; Z Xio; Ying; n R Rong, Environmentl n Experimentl Botny, 2009, 66, [26] ng Y; T Jiemin; n D jie, Africn Journl of Biotechnology, 2011, 10(65), [27] Zcchini M; F Pietrini; G.S Mugnozz; V Iori; L Pietrosnti; n A Msscci, ter, Air n Soil Pollution, 2009, 197(14), [28] Zu Y.Q; Y Li; C Schwrtz; L Lngle; n F Liu, Environment Interntionl, 2004, 30,