1.1.e Efects of exercise on body systems Learning objecties

Transcription

1 1.1.e Efects of exercise on body systems Learning objecties To understand the short term efect of exercise. To be able to evaluate the long term efects of exercise on the body systems. To be able to interpret data & graphical representaton of exercise.

2 Immediate efects of exercise Watch m e How does the body react to the start of any exercise?

3 Short term efects of exercise - Muscles The short term efects of exercise on the muscles: 1. Working muscles produce heat therefore increasing muscle temperature. 2. Increased muscle fatgue due to lactate acid producton 3. Blood is re-distributed to working muscles in an atempt to provide more oxygen to these working areas.

4 Short term efects of exercise Cardioiascular system The short term efects of exercise on the cardiovascular system: 1. Increase in heart rate 2. Increase in stroke volume 3. Increase in cardiac output

5 Short term efects of exercise Cardioiasuclar system Increase in heart rate As we start exercising heart rate increases and beats with greater force. Exercise makes the body work harder and therefore muscles require more oxygen to contnue to work efectvely.

6 Short term efects of exercise Respiratory system The short term efects of exercise on the respiratory system: 1. Increase in respiratory rate 2. Increase in minute ventlaton 3. Increase in tdal volume

7 Short term efects of exercise Respiratory system Increase in depth and frequency of breathing Exercise causes an increase in breathing rate and depth of breathing. Breathing rate can increase up to 50 per minute!!

8 Long term (training) efects of exercise Watch m e How does the body change oier tme to training?

9 Long term efects of exercise Regular training can impact on the body in the following ways: 1. Increase in the size of the heart (hypertrophy) The cardiac muscle in a trained athlete is larger and stronger. Each beat forces out a larger amount of blood than a normal heart.

10 Long term efects of exercise 2. Decreased restng heart rate and stroke volume The increased size of the heart means it takes less beats in a minute to supply the body with enough oxygen at rest.

11 Long term efects of exercise 3. Improvements in specifc components of ftness Improvements in muscular strength, endurance and aerobic capacity can all be developed through training.

12 Long term efects of exercise 4. Increased bone density Regular training will strengthen bone mater usually through lifing weights or using weight machines.

13 Long term efects of exercise 5. Heart Rate Recovery Describe what you see from these graphs. Which athlete is trained and which is one is untrained?

14 Long term efects of exercise 5. Heart Rate Recovery Training will result in heart rate recovering quicker afer exercise.

15 Long term efects of exercise 6. Healthy Veins and Arteries Long term training will result in the blood vessels becoming more flexible and effcient.

16 Long term efects of exercise The respiratory system adapts in the following ways afer sustained training: 7. Effcient gaseous exchange at the alveoli. This allows beter delivery of oxygen and removal of Carbon dioxide to and from working muscles. 8. Increased tdal volume and minute ventlaton during exercise. An athlete lung size will increase and as a result so will their Tidal Volume and ability to provide a steady flow of oxygenated blood.

17 Long term efects of exercise The body also adapts in the following ways afer sustained training:

18 Interpretng data and graphs Figure 1 below shows Tom s restng heart rate recorded at each week of his training. What do you notce? What is the reason for this trend?

19 Interpretng data and graphs Figure 2 below shows Freddie s cardiovascular and respiratory measurement taken at rest and during exercise. Rest Heart rate (bpm) Stroke iolume (ml) Breathing rate (number per min) Muscle temperature Normal During exercise Heart rate (bpm) Stroke iolume (ml) Breathing rate (number per min) Muscle temperature Hot Describe what the tables tell you? Discuss why these changes haie taken place?

20 Apply it! What has stuck with you?

21 Practce it! Exam questions 1. Which one of these is an immediate efect of exercise? A B C D (1) Improvement in muscular endurance Improvement in stamina Increase in aerobic ftness Increase in heart rate 2. Describe two short term efects which the pre-season training programme could have on the players hearts. (2) 1 2

22 Practce it! Exam questons 3. Heart rate is measured in beats per minute (bpm). Table 3 shows a performer s heart rate at three diferent tmes during an exercise session. 166 bpm 74 bpm 92 bpm (a) Identfy from Table 3 the heart rate values recorded just before exercise starts and during recovery. (2) (b) Give reasons for your answers. (2)

23 Practce it! Exam questons 4. Evaluate how the long term efects of exercise on the muscular system could be benefcial to a footballer. (5)

24 Practce it! Marks Scheme: 1. D increased heart rate 2. increase in stroke volume 3. increase in blood temperature 4. more blood/oxygen diverted to working muscles 3. a) Just before exercise starts heart rate identfed as 74 (bpm) (1) + Recovery heart rate identfed as 92 (bpm) (1) b) Heart rate before is lowest as the body is restng/no need for increased blood flow (1) Recovery heart rate is middle value heart rate is stll elevated to help with recovery/higher than restng, but lower than working as the body has not had tme to recover/maintain increased oxygen supply/repaying oxygen debt (1)

25 Practce it! Marks Scheme: increase in size/mass/hypertrophy/growth (of muscle) e.g. Easier for player to shield the ball away from opponent 2. increase in strength/stronger/power/tone/force e.g. Able to kick the ball harder/further 3. increase in speed (of contracton) e.g. Beatng an opponent in a sprint to get the ball frst 4. increase in muscular endurance or able to last longer/decrease in fatgue e.g. Easier to perform for the entre game/90 minutes 5. increase in flexibility/able to stretch further/elastcity e,g. Able to stretch for the ball further when making a tackle/less likely to get injured 6. increase tolerance to lactc acid e.g. Able to keep playing for longer/ harder/increased chances of lastng 90 minutes 7. increase in recovery rate e.g. Player ready for next game/training quicker 8. increased rate of removal of lactc acid e.g. - Able to keep playing for longer/harder/increased chances of lastng 90 minutes 9. greater potental for energy producton e.g. - Able to keep playing for longer/ harder/increased chances of lastng 90 minutes 10. increase in size/number of mitochondria e.g. Able to compete in a game faster/longer 11. increase in capillaries/more oxygen/haemoglobin available e.g. the player is able to work harder/longer 12. helps to prevent injury/assists with recovery from injury e.g. Less prone to injury