Barefoot Training as an Assessment Tool

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2 Barefoot Training as an Assessment Tool Mike Martino, PhD, CSCS*D, FMS, BTS,CBRC, CES, EBFA Master Instructor in Barefoot Education 2012 NSCA Educator of the Year Georgia College Milledgeville, Georgia 2

3 Special Thanks Dr. Emily Splichal, DPM, MS, CES Evidence Based Fitness Academy Applying Research Achieving Results 3

4 Evidence Based Fitness Academy CERTIFICATIONS FOOT STRIKE & FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT (FSFM) CERTIFICATION MASTER INSTRUCTOR IN BAREFOOT EDUCATION 4

5 Presentation Objectives 1. Understand the concept of Movement from the Ground Up. 2. Comprehend key terms associated with Barefoot Training. 3. Demonstrate short foot technique. 4. Conduct a basic foot type assessment. 5. Value the concept of Barefoot Training in the overall assessment of clients and athletes. 5

6 What is from the ground up training? 6

7 The only contact point between the body and ground is the foot!! 7

8 Closed Kinetic Chain Concept Franz Reuleaux (1876) German mechanical engineer Developed the kinetic chain concept in machines Dr. Arthur Steindler (1955) Kinetic Chain theory based on Reuleaux s work Open vs Closed chain movements Joint by Joint Approach Gray Cook and Mike Boyle 8

9 The THREE E s!! Effectiveness Create stable and effective movement Efficiency Effective movement leads to efficiency Energy sparing effect Economy System as an entirety works very well 9

10 FROM THE GROUND UP Stability Effectiveness Efficiency Economy 10

11 Core stability (Body Tension) is the foundation to generating force, power, and effective, efficient, and economical movement. 11

12 Barefoot Body Tension Getting the body to work as a unit to improve force transmission during functional movement. From the ground up tension allows our body to load/unload impact forces more effectively by integrating stability between foot (distal) and core (proximal). 12

13 Barefoot Body Tension Body tension is created through controlled isometrics. Benno Nigg s Muscle Tuning Theory We tune our muscular response to ground impact from step to step in order to minimize vibrations that pass through the soft tissues of our limbs. Nigg BM. The Role of Impact Forces and Foot Pronation: A New Paradigm. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine: 2001; 11:1 (2-9). 13

14 How you stabilize your core starts with your feet! 14

15 SHORT FOOT DRILL 15

16 Foot initiates deeper hip and pelvic activation. They are integrated! Photo courtesy Google.com 16

17 From the ground up.stability Feet & core are integrated through: Co-activation patterns Joint coupling Myofascial highways 17

18 Co-Activation Patterns 18

19 Step 1 Foot Activation 19

20 Step 2 Deep Hip Activation 20

21 Step 3 Glute, TFL & ITB Activation 21

22 Reflexive Stability Train subconscious motor patterns. 22

23 Glute Activation & LPH Stability Blackburn JT, Hirth CJ, & Guskiewicz KM. EMG comparison of lower leg musculature during functional activities with and without balance shoes (Abstract). Journal of Athletic Training. 2002;37:S97. Found association between daily short foot improved the speed of contraction of the gluteus maximus and medius by as much as 200%, after just 7 days of training. Increased contraction of hip stabilizers translates to strength, power, posture, efficient movement. 23

24 Joint Coupling Influence of joint alignment & movement efficiency Photo courtesy Google.com 24

25 What is the foundation to our posture? Much like the foundation to a building foot is foundation to our posture. 25

26 Myofascial Highways Anatomy Trains by Thomas Myers Fascia is essential to the dance between stability and movement crucial in high performance, and central in recovery from injury and disability. Fascia can store, transfer, and produce force throughout the entire body from the head to the toes. 26

27 Lateral Line Superficial Back Line Spiral Line Deep Frontal Line Photo courtesy Anatomy Trai 27

28 Deep Front Line & Proximal Stability Photo courtesy Primal Pictures 28

29 Myofascial Integration FHL, FDL, Posterior Tibialis & Anterior Tibialis Adductors which insert on Ischiopubic Ramus Continuous with Obturator Fascia to Pelvic Floor Continues up the Psoas and QL to the Diaphragm 29

30 Drive posterior tibial activation from short foot stimulate the deep front line for proximal stability 30 30

31 Foot Function & Fascial Lines 31

32 Adductor Hallucis Flexor Hallucis Brevis (medial) Flexor Hallucis Brevis (lateral) Abductor Hallucis Posterior Tibialis inserts onto Flexor Hallucis Brevis 32

33 Rogers, Page & Takeshima. Balance Training for the Older Athlete. Int J Sports Phys Ther Aug; 8(4): Maintenance of posture relies on proprioceptive input from three important regions: the sole of the foot, the sacroiliac joint, and the cervical spine. These three areas have been identified as postural regulators due to their density of mechanoreceptors and influence on movement and postural stability. 33

34 Rogers, Page & Takeshima. Balance Training for the Older Athlete. Int J Sports Phys Ther Aug; 8(4): The afferent information is then processed in the CNS at one of three levels: the spinal cord (for reflexive activation); the lower and midbrain (for automatic activation) or the cortex (for voluntary movements). 34

35 DID YOU KNOW? IT TAKES 54 MSECS FOR YOUR PERONEAL MUSCLE PROPRIOCEPTORS TO DETECT THE STRETCH OF AN INVERSION ANKLE SPRAIN? IT TAKES ANOTHER 72 MSECS FOR THE PERONEALS TO REACTIVELY CONTRACT TO TRY AND PREVENT THE ANKLE SPRAIN. TOGETHER THAT ADDS UP TO 126 MSECS! IT TAKES ONLY 80 MSECS TO INVERT AND SPRAIN YOUR ANKLE. Vaes, et al. Peroneal Reaction Time and Eversion Motor Response in Healthy and Unstable Ankles. J Athl Training, (4):

36 What s The Difference? a high performance sports car 36

37 What s The Difference? and a high performance sports athlete 37

38 What s The Difference? a pit stop 38

39 What s The Difference? a warmup, training, and injury assessment 39

40 What s My Point? Both a race car and the human body are dynamic, highly-complex machines. Each need to be continuously evaluated to minimize mechanical failures and attain peak performance. 40

41 Athlete Assessment & Pre-Screening: Barefoot Open & Closed Chain Assessment 41

42 Movement From the Ground Up Evidence Based Fitness Academy Dr. Emily Splichal, DPM, MS, CES Open vs Closed Chain Barefoot Assessment Shoe inspection test Outer sole wear patterns Sneaker insert wear patterns Foot skin inspection 42

43 Barefoot Open Chain Assessment Assessments (Right vs Left) Limb length Knee position (Genu Valgum/Varum) Foot position (Adductus/Neutral/Abductus) Arch present (Yes/No) Ankle joint dorsiflexion (Degrees) Gastroc vs Soleus tightness Subtalar joint ROM (Flexible/Rigid) Subtalar joint (Inversion/Eversion) 1 st MPJ ROM (Flexible/Rigid) 1 st MPJ Dorsiflexion (Degrees) 43

44 Barefoot Closed Chain Assessment Assessments (Right vs Left) Knee extension (Neutral/Genu Recurvatum) Arch present (Yes/No) Foot position (Adductus/Neutral/Abductus) Calcaneus Position (Everted/Neutral/Inverted) Weight Distribution (Lateral/Neutral/Medial) Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion (45 degree test) (Abduction/Arch Collapse/Good ROM) Single leg stance (Glute medius activation/valgus) Single leg calf raise (Achilles tendon alignment) 44

45 Barefoot Dynamic Warm-Up Single leg tripod Short Foot (3 x 10 secs each foot) Heel drops (Double, Left, Right) (12 reps each) Single leg deadlift (8-12 reps each) Single leg squat (8-12 reps each) Single leg floor tap (8-12 reps each) Single leg bowler squat (8-12 reps each) Side lunge to single leg (8-12 reps each) 45

46 Barefoot Drills Video clips from Georgia College 46

47 QUESTIONS FOR YOU!! What is Movement From the Ground UP? What do the following terms mean? Co-activation patterns Joint coupling Myofascial highways Do you know how to Short Foot now? Can you conduct a basic foot assessment now? Do you see the value in Barefoot Training now? 47

48 Take Away Message Barefoot training is evidence based practice. Barefoot training is supported by scientific literature. Barefoot training should be included in most warm-ups in some form or fashion. Key Terms to Remember: Co-activation patterns Joint coupling Myofascial highways 48

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50 Personal Favorite Barefoot Drills 50

51 THANK YOU All slides, images, and photos are copyright materials of EBFA, Dr. Emily Splichal and Dr. Mike Martino. 51