The Effects of Exercise on Memory. Is timing everything?

Transcription

1 The Effects of Exercise on Memory Is timing everything?

2 Memory Declarative Non-declarative Facts Events Motor Priming Simple classical Non-associative conditioning learning Emotional responses Skeletal responses Medial temporal lobe Diencephalon Striatum Neocortex Amygdala Cerebellum Reflex pathways Squire. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2004

3 Memory Declarative Non-declarative Facts Events Motor Priming Simple classical Non-associative conditioning learning Emotional responses Skeletal responses Medial temporal lobe Diencephalon Striatum Neocortex Amygdala Cerebellum Reflex pathways

4 Stimulus Encoding Consolidation Recall

5 Stimulus Perception Exposure Encoding After Exposure Engram Consolidation (Encoding) LTP (Consolidation) Recall

6 Stimulus Perception Exposure Encoding After Exposure Engram Consolidation (Encoding) LTP (Consolidation) Recall

7

8 100 Consolidation RMS Error Distance Encoding Recall Day 1 Day 2

9 Young Old 100 RMS Error Distance Encoding Recall Day 1 Day 2 Roig et al. Neurobiol Aging. 2014

10 Strategies to optimize memory Electrophysiological interventions tdcs rtms PES Pharmaceutical interventions Cholinergic Dopaminergic Serotonergic Behavioural interventions Exercise Sleep Nutritional supplements Imagery Music

11 Peripheral vascular disease Cardiac disease Cancer Diabetes Osteoporosis Muscle dysfunction Polyneuropathy ACSM. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010

12 Dementia Mild cognitive impairment Depression Peripheral vascular disease Cardiac disease Cancer Diabetes Osteoporosis Muscle dysfunction Polyneuropathy ACSM. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010

13 Age Sex Cognitive level Fitness level Genotype Type Intensity Frequency Volume Timing Executive functions Control functions Spatial orientation Speed processing Memory

14 Control Exercise Effect size Executive Control Spatial Speed Colcombe et al. Psychol Sci. 2002

15 Control Exercise Effect size ? 0.00 Executive Control Spatial Speed Memory

16 Long-term Several bouts M0 Months M1 Molecular Supramolecular Systemic

17 Control Exercise N=120 Erickson et al. PNAS. 2011

18 Effect size: small >0.1; medium >0.5; large >0.8 STM LTM EFFECT SIZE 0.15 (0.02, 0.27)* 0.07 (-0.13, 0.75) *p< studies Roig et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013

19 Acute One bout Stimulus Perception Encoding Engram Consolidation LTP Recall

20 Effect size: small >0.1; medium >0.5; large >0.8 STM LTM EFFECT SIZE 0.26 (0.03, 0.49)* 0.52 (0.28, 0.75)* *p< studies Roig et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013

21 Effect size: small >0.1; medium >0.5; large >0.8 STM LTM LONG-TERM 0.15 (0.02, 0.27)* 0.07 (-0.13, 0.75) ACUTE 0.26 (0.03, 0.49)* 0.52 (0.28, 0.75)* *p<0.05 Roig et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013

22 Can acute exercise improve (motor) memory? Does timing and type of exercise matter? Does acute exercise improve other types of memory? Can acute and long-term exercise be combined to maximize learning? Is the combination of acute and long-term exercise important to improve memory?

23 Can acute exercise improve (motor) memory?

24 REST Acquisition Ret1h Ret 24h Ret 7d CON EXER Acquisition Ret 1h Ret 24h Ret 7d PRE N=32 Skriver et al. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2013

25 Exercise Winter et al. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2007

26 AT task Roig et al. PLoS One. 2012

27 Error Distance

28 Acquisition CON PRE 35 p=0.19 RMS Error Distance Block1 Block2 Block3 Skriver et al. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2013

29 Retention CON PRE 35 p=0.001 RMS Error Distance p< Ret1h Ret24h Ret7d Skriver et al. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2013

30 Does the timing of exercise matter?

31 REST Acquisition Ret1h Ret 24h Ret 7d CON EXER Acquisition Ret 1h Ret 24h Ret 7d PRE Acquisition EXER Ret 1h Ret 24h Ret 7d POST N=48 Roig et al. PLoS One. 2012

32 Acquisition CON PRE POST 35 p=0.8 RMS Error Distance Block1 Block2 Block3 Roig et al. PLoS One. 2012

33 Retention CON PRE POST 35 p=0.002 RMS Error Distance p< Ret1h Ret24h Ret7d Roig et al. PLoS One. 2012

34 Retention PRE POST 35 RMS Error Distance p< Ret1h Ret24h Ret7d Roig et al. PLoS One. 2012

35 Does acute exercise improve other types of memory?

36 Visual encoding REST 8h EXER Ret 24h Ret 7d Ret 24h Ret 7d EX8 Visual encoding 8h EXER EX0 Exposure=100 neutral pictures 1.5 Retention=50 neutral pictures distractor pictures 10 N=17 In progress

37 50# 45# Pictures#recalled## 40# 35# 30# 25# 20# 15# 10# 24h# 7days#

38 Does the type of exercise matter?

39 Acquisition RES Ret1h Ret 24h Ret 7d CON Acquisition EXER Ret 1h Ret 24h Ret 7d HOC Acquisition EXER Ret 1h Ret 24h Ret 7d RUN N=77 Skriver et al. Child Development (Submitted)

40 Acquisition RES Ret1h Ret 24h CON Acquisition EXER Ret 1h Ret 24h CF Acquisition EXER Ret 1h Ret 24h RES 70 Control Strength training CrossFit 65 Motor performance Exercise Baseline No KR Training KR Immediate retention No KR 1h retention No KR 24h retention No KR, KR N=30 Lundbye-Jensen et al. (In progress)

41 Can acute and long-term exercise be combined to maximize learning?

42 PRE POST Math EXER x 20 (5 weeks) IMMEDIATE Math 3.5h EXER x 20 (5 weeks) DELAYED Math REST CONTROL x 20 (5 weeks) N=180 Lundbye-Jensen et al. In progress

43 44 Pre Post 42 * * VO2max - estimated PRE POST PRE POST PRE POST Immediate Exercise Delayed Exercise Control Group Lundbye-Jensen et al. In progress

44 % Change in correctly solved math problems pre to post 16 * Immediate Exercise Delayed Exercise Control Group Lundbye-Jensen et al. In progress

45 Is the combination of acute and long-term exercise important to improve memory?

46 PRE POST VM Control VM VM Long-term VM VM Long-term + Acute VM VM Acute VM N=54 Hopkins et al. Neuroscience. 2012

47 Pre p<0.05 Post 90 * Accuracy (%) 70 CON LONG LONG+ACU ACU Hopkins et al. Neuroscience. 2012

48 Acute exercise improves memory Exercising during the first stages of consolidation appears to be the most effective strategy The coupling of the exercise stimulus with the memory formation process is essential Rather than the type of exercise the physiological stimulus seems the key

49 Acute exercise can improve other (more declarative) types of memory Long-term and acute exercise can be combined to maximize cumulative effects

50 Message Be smart, exercise (regularly) your heart to maintain cognition Combine different types of exercise at different intensities Place the exercise close to the exposure of information that you want to remember Combine acute and long-term exercise to maximize the effects on learning

51 Collaborators KU Jesper-Lundbye Jensen Jens Bo Nielsen Kasper Skriver Richard Thomas UBC Lara Boyd Cameron Mang Nicholas Snow

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