FUNDAMENTAL CARDIAC WORKBOOK
|
|
- Harry Stevenson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 FUNDAMENTAL CARDIAC WORKBOOK SELF DIRECTED TESTS A MARK OF 100% MUST BE ACHIEVED IN ALL TESTS IN ORDER TO RECEIVE A CERTIFICATE AND PROGRESS TO THE ADVANCED CARDIAC STUDY DAY
2 COMPREHENSION EXERCISES MODULE ONE The heart is comprised of: a. two atria and two ventricles b. four atria and four ventricles c. two atria and one ventricle d. one atria and two ventricles The middle layer of the heart is the: a. epicardium b. endocardium c. subendocardium d. myocardium The mitral valve separates the: a. right and left ventricle b. the left atria and ventricle c. the right and left atria d. the right and left ventricle The left ventricles blood is supplied by the: a. the right coronary artery b. the circumflex artery c. the left anterior descending artery d. the femoral artery The initial spread of impulses across the heart is known as a: a. repolarisation b. automaticity c. depolarisation d. diastole COMPREHENSION EXERCISES MODULE TWO The P wave represents a. atrial depolarisation b. ventricular depolarisation c. atrial diastole d. ventricular systole Ventricular diastole is represented by the a. P wave b. T wave c. QRS wave d. R wave
3 The normal PR interval is a seconds b seconds c seconds d seconds Each small square on the ECG paper is equal to a seconds b mm c mm d seconds The width of a normal QRS complex should be a. greater than 0.12 seconds b. less than 0.12 seconds c. equal to 0.20 seconds d seconds COMPREHENSION EXERCISES MODULE THREE The standard leads are: a. unipolar b. bipolar c. augmented d. negative In regards to chest leads the V stands for: a. augmented b. standard c. unipolar d. bipolar The axes of the three bipolar leads from: a. Einthoven s triangle b. Einthoven s square c. Einthoven s triad d. Einthoven s circle The lead attached to the right lower limb is a: a. chest lead b. AVR c. AVL d. a n ear thing lead How many chest leads are there? a. Five b. Six c. Four d. Twelve
4 COMPREHENSION EXERCISE MODULE FOUR If electrical currents flow towards an electrode the deflection on the ECG paper will be a. negative b. isoelectric c. positive d. downward Normal sinus rhythm originates from the a. SA node b. AV node c. bundle of HIS d. purkinje fibres On a normal 12 lead ECG AVR should be a. positive b. totally negative c. show R wave progression d. biphasic In lead V6 the R wave should be totally a. negative b. biphasic c. downward d. positive Lead II, III and AVF represent what wall of the heart? a. inferior b. posterior c. lateral d. anterior COMPREHENSION EXERCISE MODULE FIVE Angina results from a. widening of the coronary arteries b. narrowing of the coronary arteries c. increased arterial flow d. increased oxygen to the heart Angina is a. transient and reversible b. results in permanent scarring c. stops the heart d. c a n only happen once in a person s life The primary ECG change seen with angina is a. ST elevation b. T wave elevation c. ST depression d. absence of p waves The most common symptom associated with angina is a. feeling tired b. pain in legs c. chest pain d. head ache
5 Whilst ST depression is the most often seen ECG change in angina, what other ECG change may be seen? a. long PR interval b. T wave elevation c. no P waves d. T wave flattening or inversion COMPREHENSION EXERCISE MODULE SIX An ensuing acute myocardial infarction is most often characterised by a. ST depression 0.5 mm in 2 or more limb leads b. ST elevation of 2mm in 2 or more chest leads c. long CT interval d. short PR interval Q waves form as a result of a. angina b. non -STEMI c. STEMI d. chest pain An anterior AMI results form occlusion of the LAD or one of its branches. Which leads would it be most evident? a. V3, V4 b. AVL, Lead I, V5, V6 c. Lead II, III and AVF d. V1, V2 Right ventricular infarctions are common in the setting of a. atrial fibrillation b. anterior infarctions c. angina d. inferior infarctions ST segment depression occurring in the leads opposite the affected wall are referred to as a. recent changes b. reciprocal changes c. evolving changes d. permanent changes What leads directly represent the posterior wall of the heart? a. all leads b. V3, V4 c. none d. II, III, AVF
6 COMPREHENSION EXERCISE MODULE SEVEN The first line treatment for VF or pulseless VT is a. DCR b. amiodarone c. lignocaine d. adrenaline For cardioversion to be successful which pacemaker in the heart must be the first to fire? a. AV node b. pacing node c. bundle branches d. SA node Aystole is recognised as a. spikes on the ECG b. a b s e n c e of all electrical activity on the ECG signal c. chaotic rhythm d. fast heart rate COMPREHENSION EXERCISE MODULE EIGHT Premature atrial contractions originate in the: a. SA node b. a n ectopic focus in the ventricles c. AV node d. a n ectopic focus in the atria Atrial flutter rates are usually in divisions of 300. Hence the rate for 2:1 would be: a. 75 beats per minute b. 150 beats per minute c. 100 beats per minute d. 300 beats per minute SVT frequently exhibits a heart rate of: a. less than 100 beats per minute b. less than 50 beats per minute c. between 140 and 220 beats per minute d. between 50 and 100 beats per minute A unifocal PVC results from: a. t h e same ventricular focus b. m a n y different ventricular foci c. the same atrial focus d. many atrial foci
7 MODULE NINE ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF CHEST PAIN Please read the following article located in the additional readings folder and answer the questions below: Tough. J. (2004). Assessment and treatment of chest pain. Nursing Standard. 18(37). COMPREHENSION EXERCISE MODULE NINE Name the five causes of cardiac related chest pain? It is important that a good current history is taken from the patient in order to establish cardiac pain as the cause or rule it out. Once chest pain has been established a number of prompts can be used. Please fill in the spaces for the prompts: a. Site b. c. Character d. Exacerbating or e. f. Frequency g. What are the main symptoms a patient would demonstrate when suffering an acute coronary event, name five? a.. b.. c.. d.. e..
8 It is also important to ascertain a past medical history, including previous cardiac history, cardiac interventions and drug history. It is also important to determine the patient s risk factors, these include (please list); a... b... c... d. e... f. g... Which observations and actions must be performed within ten minutes of onset of chest pain? a... b... c. d... e... The patient must be reviewed by a doctor within.. minutes. Which blood test is the preferred biomarker should be considered when undertaking venepuncture on the cardiac patients? When administering oxygen to cardiac patients, what oxygen saturation should be aimed for? a. 99% b. 76% c. 80% d. None of the above
9 What two drugs should be given to patients to help to relieve chest pain? Please list the symptoms and precipitating factors which are associated with angina (name 5); Please describe the difference between a Non ST elevation myocardial infarction and a ST elevation myocardial infarction. What is the golden amount of time for door to needle time in coronary artery thrombolysis? a. 16 hours b. 60 minutes c. 1 minute d. 120 minutes
10 MODULE TEN CARDIAC BLOODS Please read the following articles located in the additional readings folder and answer the questions below: Woodrow. P. (2003) Assessing blood results in older people: Cardiac enzymes and biochemistry. Nursing Older People. 14(4). And Tough. J. (2004). Assessment and treatment of chest pain. Nursing Standard. 18(37). COMPREHENSION EXERCISE MODULE TEN At what stages should troponin I be tested in the patient with chest pain? Troponin I can be elevated on occasion when there is no cardiac specific involvement, please name four conditions in which Troponin I can present as a false positive. What is the normal serum potassium level for an adult? a b c d Name five causes of hyperkalemia. a.. b.. c.. d... e..
11 What could you observe on an ECG from a patient with high potassium? What could you observe on an ECG from a patient with low potassium? The component of the blood responsible for carrying oxygen is the a. Leukocytes b. Plasma c. Haemoglobin d. Platelets How much of the arterial blood s oxygen does the myocardium use? a. 21% b. 100% c % d % Give two effects over digoxin overdose on an ECG. Which drugs given in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) effect clotting
12 MODULE ELEVEN HEART FAILURE Please read the following article located in the additional readings folder and answer the questions below: Buckler. L. (2009) Managing heart failure. Nursing made incredibly easy. May/June COMPREHENSION EXERCISE MODULE ELEVEN Name two causes of heart failure and describe/explain the pathophysiology behind each cause. Cause One.. Cause Two.. Describe the pathophysiological steps which contribute heart failure over a period of time. Please name three symptoms of left sided heart failure and the mechanism behind each. Symptom One.. Symptom Two. Symptom Three.. Which of the below are not symptoms of right heart failure a. Lower extremity oedema b. Reduced urine output c. Ascites d. Weight gain
13 Name two tests which can be undertaken to help confirm heart failure. What does the term ejection fraction mean and what is the normal ejection fraction in a healthy adult? Please explain the pharmacological effects and actions of ACE inhibitors in relation to heart failure. What should be monitored carefully when first starting on ACE inhibitors? Please explain the pharmacological effects and actions of Beta-blockers in relation to heart failure. Name two important aspects of heart failure management that patients should be educated on.
14 MODULE TWELVE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK Please read the following article located in the additional readings folder and answer the questions below: Foxton. J., Nuttall. M., & Riley. J. (2004) Coronary heart disease: Risk Factor Management. Nursing Standard. 19(13) COMPREHENSION EXERCISE MODULE TWELVE List the three main risk factors for coronary heart disease. List two other associated risk factors. Please explain what modifiable risk reduction means.
15 What does LDL mean?.. What does HDL mean?.. Of the two, which one is beneficial to the heart? What is the recommended total cholesterol level in the general population of the United Kingdom? a. Less than 2.0 mmol/l b. Less than 1.0 mmol/l c. Less than 5.0 mmol/l d. Less than 10.0 mmol/l When should weight loss be considered in men? a. When the waist size is above 102cm b. When the waist size is above 110cm c. When the waist size is above 88cm d. When the waist size is above 94cm Please list the food or food groups which should be encouraged in a healthy diet (list at least 8). What is the minimum recommended amount of physical activity a person should take per day? How many days per week should this occur if able? What is the single biggest cause of avoidable death in the UK? a. Smoking b. Alcohol excess c. Heart attack d. Car accident
16 What effect does moderate alcohol intake have on the body? List the main types of cholesterol lowering drugs/product available and briefly explain their affect on the body. MODULE THIRTEEN ADMINISTRATION OF AMIODARONE Please read the following article located in the additional readings folder and answer the questions below: Name the Five Rights of giving an IV drug Name two things that the patient must NOT be allergic too, to administer IV amiodarone. What crystalloid must amiodarone be mixed with? a. Normal saline b. Hartmans c. 5% dextrose d. Gelofusin
17 What is the dose and how much fluid is the amiodarone mixed with for the first infusion? How long does the first infusion run over? a. 30 minutes b. 1 hour c. 12 hours d. 10 hours What is the dose and how much fluid is the amiodarone mixed with for the second infusion? How long does the second infusion run over? a. 3 hours b. 1 hour c. 12 hours d. 10 hours What is the dose and how much fluid is the amiodarone mixed with for the third or forth infusions? How long do the third and fourth infusions run over? a. 3 hours b. 1 hour c. 12 hours d. 10 hours
18 What is the main side effect of amiodarone? MODULE FOURTEEN CARDIAC REHABILITATION Please read the following article located in the additional readings folder and answer the questions below: New Zealand Guidelines Group (2002) Cardiac rehabilitation. Best practice Evidence Based Guideline. COMPREHENSION EXERCISE MODULE FOURTEEN Please describe the different phases of cardiac rehabilitation Phase 1: Phase 2: Phase 3: What are the inclusion criteria for cardiac rehabilitation?
19 Name five of the key components of cardiac rehabilitation. Name six of the goals and related interventions of cardiac rehabilitation. MODULE FIFTEEN CARDIAC PHARMACOLOGY Please read the following article located in the additional readings folder and answer the questions below: Cohen. L., et al (n.d.) Cardiovascular Drugs. COMPREHENSION EXERCISE MODULE FIFTEEN Name the five reasons for using cardiac medications.
20 How do beta blockers decrease blood pressure (please explain)? What area of the body do nitrate drugs work on? a. the heart b. the brain c. veins and arteries d. the kidneys What areas of the body do ACE inhibitors work on? What cardiac condition are ACE inhibitors most commonly used? What electrolyte needs to be monitored more closely when a patient is taking Digoxin?
21 MODULE SIXTEEN Cardiac Scenarios Scenario One A 72 year old woman who is on the ward with a chest infection has started to complain to you that she has chest pain. The pain is centralised and crushing in nature. The pain is also radiating down the left arm. She is clammy to the touch and is complaining of feeling nauseous. On examination her blood pressure is 100/56, Pulse 100, Temperature 36.4 C and the pain is 8 out of 10. An ECG is taken showing T Wave flattening in leads V3, V4, V5 and V6. What would you suspect? Which area of the heart would be affected? What would your treatment be? What other test would you order?
22 Scenario Two A 65 year old man admitted for debridement of a leg ulcer is complaining of acute shortness of breath. On examination it is noted that his pulse has become fast, with a rate of 110 Bpm and irregular. His Blood pressure has dropped from 146/73 to 105/50. An ECG is taken showing an irregular fast pulse with no P waves present. What is the possible new diagnosis for this patient? What would the treatment be for this patient? What would the blood test would you carry out? Scenario Three A 48 year old man is admitted with renal failure. On a routine ECG he is noted to have peaked T waves. What could this signify?
23 What tests would you undertake to confirm diagnosis? What would the treatment be for this patient? Scenario Four A 77 year old female arrives in A&E with increased SOB (worse when lying flat), pedal oedema (Grade 3) and an elevated JVP (+4cm). A chest x ray is taken showing cardiomegaly and Kerley s lines. She is also noted to be in atrial fibrillation and has a BNP of 900. A recent history taken shows she has had a number of heart attacks over the past two years. What condition is this patient most lightly to have? What is the gold standard test to confirm this?
24 What would the treatment be for this patient?
25 WHERE TO GO NOW!!! If you have enjoyed completing the Fundamental Cardiac Workbook, please enrol for the Advanced Cardiac Study Day (see below). Aim/Purpose The aim of the study day is to extend your knowledge and skills in working with patients who have cardiac disease. Content Advance chest/cardiac assessment Cardiac care pathways ECG analysis Cardiac Pharmacology Interventions We hope you have enjoyed this workbook and gained a valuable insight into basic cardiology and its components. Full acknowledgement goes to Michelle Shanahan for the use of the basic ECG learning pack, Gippsland Regional Health. Paul Boden (RN)
26 REFERENCES Buckler. L. (2009) Managing heart failure. Nursing made incredibly easy. May/June Conover, M. (1996) Understanding Electrocardiography, 7 th Ed. Mosby, St Lois. Foxton. J., Nuttall. M., & Riley. J. (2004) Coronary heart disease: Risk Factor Management. Nursing Standard. 19(13) Guyton, A.C. (1991) Textbook of Medical Physiology, 8 th Ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia McCance, K.L. & Huether, SE. (2002) Pathophysiology, The basis for disease in adults and children 4 th Ed. Mosby, St Louis. New Zealand Guidelines Group (2002) Cardiac rehabilitation. Best practice Evidence Based Guideline. Tough. J. (2004). Assessment and treatment of chest pain. Nursing Standard. 18(37). Web sites accessed for images used in this package: Accessed 14 th October, Woodrow. P. (2003) Assesing blood results in older people: Cardiac enzymes and biochemistry. Nursing Older People. 14(4) _019.jpg toms.htm html ucts/morton/documents/images/ch17/jpg/ch jpg gfx/heart.jpg l.jpg
27 ture3/img029.jpg Arrhythmias/A013a.htm
By the end of this lecture, you will be able to: Understand the 12 lead ECG in relation to the coronary circulation and myocardium Perform an ECG
By the end of this lecture, you will be able to: Understand the 12 lead ECG in relation to the coronary circulation and myocardium Perform an ECG recording Identify the ECG changes that occur in the presence
More informationUNDERSTANDING YOUR ECG: A REVIEW
UNDERSTANDING YOUR ECG: A REVIEW Health professionals use the electrocardiograph (ECG) rhythm strip to systematically analyse the cardiac rhythm. Before the systematic process of ECG analysis is described
More information12 Lead ECG Interpretation: Color Coding for MI s
12 Lead ECG Interpretation: Color Coding for MI s Anna E. Story, RN, MS Director, Continuing Professional Education Critical Care Nurse Online Instructional Designer 2004 Anna Story 1 Objectives review
More informationCRC 431 ECG Basics. Bill Pruitt, MBA, RRT, CPFT, AE-C
CRC 431 ECG Basics Bill Pruitt, MBA, RRT, CPFT, AE-C Resources White s 5 th ed. Ch 6 Electrocardiography Einthoven s Triangle Chest leads and limb leads Egan s 10 th ed. Ch 17 Interpreting the Electrocardiogram
More informationECG ABNORMALITIES D R. T AM A R A AL Q U D AH
ECG ABNORMALITIES D R. T AM A R A AL Q U D AH When we interpret an ECG we compare it instantaneously with the normal ECG and normal variants stored in our memory; these memories are stored visually in
More informationECG pre-reading manual. Created for the North West Regional EMET training program
ECG pre-reading manual Created for the North West Regional EMET training program Author:- Dr Juan Carlos Ascencio-Lane juan.ascencio-lane@ths.tas.gov.au 1 Disclaimer This handbook has been created for
More informationMatters of the Heart: Comprehensive Cardiology SARAH BEANLANDS RN BSCN MSC
Matters of the Heart: Comprehensive Cardiology SARAH BEANLANDS RN BSCN MSC Who am I? Class Outline Gross anatomy of the heart Trip around the heart Micro anatomy: cellular and tissue level Introduction
More informationElectrocardiography. Hilal Al Saffar College of Medicine,Baghdad University
Electrocardiography Hilal Al Saffar College of Medicine,Baghdad University Which of the following is True 1. PR interval, represent the time taken for the impulse to travel from SA node to AV nose. 2.
More informationThis presentation will deal with the basics of ECG description as well as the physiological basics of
Snímka 1 Electrocardiography basics This presentation will deal with the basics of ECG description as well as the physiological basics of Snímka 2 Lecture overview 1. Cardiac conduction system functional
More informationFamily Medicine for English language students of Medical University of Lodz ECG. Jakub Dorożyński
Family Medicine for English language students of Medical University of Lodz ECG Jakub Dorożyński Parts of an ECG The standard ECG has 12 leads: six of them are considered limb leads because they are placed
More informationA Review of Cardiac Pathophysiology and EKG. Jamie Dyson PT, DPT Kathy Swanick PT, DPT, OCS
A Review of Cardiac Pathophysiology and EKG Jamie Dyson PT, DPT Kathy Swanick PT, DPT, OCS Cardiac Pathophysiology Coronary Artery Disease Congestive Heart Failure Valvular Heart Disease Athletic Heart
More informationREtrive. REpeat. RElearn Design by. Test-Enhanced Learning based ECG practice E-book
Test-Enhanced Learning Test-Enhanced Learning Test-Enhanced Learning Test-Enhanced Learning based ECG practice E-book REtrive REpeat RElearn Design by S I T T I N U N T H A N G J U I P E E R I Y A W A
More information12 Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) PFN: SOMACL17. Terminal Learning Objective. References
12 Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) PFN: SOMACL17 Slide 1 Terminal Learning Objective Action: Communicate knowledge of 12 Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) Condition: Given a lecture in a classroom environment
More informationBEDSIDE ECG INTERPRETATION
BEDSIDE ECG INTERPRETATION Presented by: Ryan Dean, RN, MSN, CCRN, CCNS, CFRN Flight Nurse 2017 Based on presentations originally by Gennifer DePaoli, RN Objectives Hospital policies Electrical conduction
More information12 Lead ECG. Presented by Rebecca Sevigny BSN, RN Professional Practice & Development Dept.
12 Lead ECG Presented by Rebecca Sevigny BSN, RN Professional Practice & Development Dept. Two Main Coronary Arteries RCA LCA which branches into Left Anterior Descending Circumflex Artery Two Main Coronary
More information15 16 September Seminar W10O. ECG for General Practice
15 16 September 2012 Seminar W10O ECG for General Practice Speaker: Ms Natasha Eaton ECG for General Practice Speaker: Natasha Eaton Cardiac CNC Executive Representative Electrocardiography The graphic
More informationRelax and Learn At the Farm 2012
Relax and Learn At the Farm 2012 Session 2: 12 Lead ECG Fundamentals 101 Cynthia Webner DNP, RN, CCNS, CCRN-CMC, CHFN Though for Today Mastery is not something that strikes in an instant, like a thunderbolt,
More informationThe Fundamentals of 12 Lead EKG. ECG Recording. J Point. Reviewing the Cardiac Conductive System. Dr. E. Joe Sasin, MD Rusty Powers, NRP
The Fundamentals of 12 Lead EKG Dr. E. Joe Sasin, MD Rusty Powers, NRP SA Node Intranodal Pathways AV Junction AV Fibers Bundle of His Septum Bundle Branches Purkinje System Reviewing the Cardiac Conductive
More informationAll About STEMIs. Presented By: Brittney Urvand, RN, BSN, CCCC. Essentia Health Fargo Cardiovascular Program Manager.
All About STEMIs Presented By: Brittney Urvand, RN, BSN, CCCC Essentia Health Fargo Cardiovascular Program Manager Updated 10/2/2018 None Disclosures Objectives Identify signs and symptoms of a heart attack
More informationECG Interpretation. Introduction to Cardiac Telemetry. Michael Peters, RN, CCRN, CFRN CALSTAR Air Medical Services
ECG Interpretation Introduction to Cardiac Telemetry Michael Peters, RN, CCRN, CFRN CALSTAR Air Medical Services Disclosures Nothing to disclose Objectives Describe the electrical conduction pathway in
More informationCORONARY ARTERIES HEART
CARDIAC/ECG MODULE THE HEART CORONARY ARTERIES FIBRILLATING HEART CORONARY ARTERIES HEART PRACTICE RHYTHMS PRACTICE RHYTHMS ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SA Node (60 100) Primary pacemaker AV Node (40 60) ***Creates
More informationCASE 10. What would the ST segment of this ECG look like? On which leads would you see this ST segment change? What does the T wave represent?
CASE 10 A 57-year-old man presents to the emergency center with complaints of chest pain with radiation to the left arm and jaw. He reports feeling anxious, diaphoretic, and short of breath. His past history
More informationAtlantic Health System
Atlantic Health System Morristown Medical Center Newton Medical Center Overlook Medical Center Basic Dysrhythmia Course Day 1 1 2 Chapter 1 Anatomy and Physiology Learning Objectives 1) Identify electrophysiology
More informationUnderstanding the 12-lead ECG, part II
Bundle-branch blocks Understanding the 12-lead ECG, part II Most common electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality Appears as a wider than normal S complex Occurs when one of the two bundle branches can t conduct
More informationLab 16. The Cardiovascular System Heart and Blood Vessels. Laboratory Objectives
Lab 16 The Cardiovascular System Heart and Blood Vessels Laboratory Objectives Describe the anatomical structures of the heart to include the pericardium, chambers, valves, and major vessels. Describe
More informationFUNDAMENTAL CARDIAC WORKBOOK
FUNDAMENTAL CARDIAC WORKBOOK SELF DIRECTED LEARNING PACK (12 HOURS) NAME: WARD/PRACTICE AREA: MAILING ADDRESS: 1 INTRODUCTION Welcome to the Fundamental Cardiac Workbook. This book covers basic aspects
More information12 Lead ECG Interpretation: The Basics and Beyond
12 Lead ECG Interpretation: The Basics and Beyond Cindy Weston, DNP, RN, CCRN, CNS-CC, FNP-BC Assistant Professor Texas A&M University College of Nursing cweston@tamhsc.edu Objectives Review the basics
More information12 Lead EKG. The Basics
12 Lead EKG The Basics Objectives Demonstrate proper 12 EKG lead placement Determine electrical axis Identify ST and T wave changes as they relate to myocardial ischemia Describe possible complications
More information12-Lead ECG Interpretation. Kathy Kuznar, RN, ANP
12-Lead ECG Interpretation Kathy Kuznar, RN, ANP The 12-Lead ECG Objectives Identify the normal morphology and features of the 12- lead ECG. Perform systematic analysis of the 12-lead ECG. Recognize abnormalities
More informationLab Activity 24 EKG. Portland Community College BI 232
Lab Activity 24 EKG Reference: Dubin, Dale. Rapid Interpretation of EKG s. 6 th edition. Tampa: Cover Publishing Company, 2000. Portland Community College BI 232 Graph Paper 1 second equals 25 little boxes
More informationCardiovascular System Notes: Heart Disease & Disorders
Cardiovascular System Notes: Heart Disease & Disorders Interesting Heart Facts The Electrocardiograph (ECG) was invented in 1902 by Willem Einthoven Dutch Physiologist. This test is still used to evaluate
More informationECG. Prepared by: Dr.Fatima Daoud Reference: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology,12 th edition Chapters: 11,12,13
ECG Prepared by: Dr.Fatima Daoud Reference: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology,12 th edition Chapters: 11,12,13 The Concept When the cardiac impulse passes through the heart, electrical current
More informationBasic ECG Interpretation Module Notebook
Basic ECG Interpretation Module Notebook ECG_Notebook_04.27.05 Page 1 of 142 Basic ECG Interpretation Table of Contents Module Objectives... 3 Module Outline... 6 Lesson I... 6 Lesson II... 8 Lesson III...
More information12 Lead ECG Interpretation
12 Lead ECG Interpretation Julie Zimmerman, MSN, RN, CNS, CCRN Significant increase in mortality for every 15 minutes of delay! N Engl J Med 2007;357:1631-1638 Who should get a 12-lead ECG? Also include
More informationECG Interpretation Cat Williams, DVM DACVIM (Cardiology)
ECG Interpretation Cat Williams, DVM DACVIM (Cardiology) Providing the best quality care and service for the patient, the client, and the referring veterinarian. GOAL: Reduce Anxiety about ECGs Back to
More informationArrhythmic Complications of MI. Teferi Mitiku, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine University of California Irvine
Arrhythmic Complications of MI Teferi Mitiku, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine University of California Irvine Objectives Brief overview -Pathophysiology of Arrhythmia ECG review of typical
More informationCORONARY ARTERIES. LAD Anterior wall of the left vent Lateral wall of left vent Anterior 2/3 of interventricluar septum R & L bundle branches
CORONARY ARTERIES RCA Right atrium Right ventricle SA node 55% AV node 90% Posterior wall of left ventricle in 90% Posterior third of interventricular septum 90% LAD Anterior wall of the left vent Lateral
More informationSkin supplied by T1-4 (medial upper arm and neck) T5-9- epigastrium Visceral afferents from skin and heart are the same dorsal root ganglio
Cardio 2 ECG... 3 Cardiac Remodelling... 11 Valvular Diseases... 13 Hypertension... 18 Aortic Coarctation... 24 Erythropoiesis... 27 Haemostasis... 30 Anaemia... 36 Atherosclerosis... 44 Angina... 48 Myocardial
More information- why the T wave is deflected upwards although it's a repolarization wave?
Cardiac Electrograph: - why the T wave is deflected upwards although it's a repolarization wave? After depolarization the ventricle contracts but since the heart is a volume conductor (3D not 2D), when
More information12 Lead ECG Skills: Building Confidence for Clinical Practice. Presented By: Cynthia Webner, BSN, RN, CCRN-CMC. Karen Marzlin, BSN, RN,CCRN-CMC
12 Lead ECG Skills: Building Confidence for Clinical Practice NTI 2009 Preconference Session 803 Presented By: Karen Marzlin, BSN, RN,CCRN-CMC 1 12 Lead ECG Fundamentals: The Starting Place for Linking
More informationECGs: Everything a finalist needs to know. Dr Amy Coulden As part of the Simply Finals series
ECGs: Everything a finalist needs to know Dr Amy Coulden As part of the Simply Finals series Aims and objectives To be able to interpret basic ECG abnormalities To be able to recognise commonly tested
More information12 LEAD EKG BASICS. By: Steven Jones, NREMT P CLEMC
12 LEAD EKG BASICS By: Steven Jones, NREMT P CLEMC ECG Review Waves and Intervals P wave: the sequential activation (depolarization) of the right and left atria QRS complex: right and left ventricular
More informationElectrocardiogram ECG. Hilal Al Saffar FRCP FACC College of medicine,baghdad University
Electrocardiogram ECG Hilal Al Saffar FRCP FACC College of medicine,baghdad University Tuesday 29 October 2013 ECG introduction Wednesday 30 October 2013 Abnormal ECG ( ischemia, chamber hypertrophy, heart
More informationBasic electrocardiography reading. R3 lee wei-chieh
Basic electrocardiography reading R3 lee wei-chieh The Normal Conduction System Lead Placement avf Limb Leads Precordial Leads Interpretation Rate Rhythm Interval Axis Chamber abnormality QRST change What
More informationCardiology Flash Cards
Cardiology Flash Cards EKG in a nut shell www.brain101.info Conduction System www.brain101.info 2 Analyzing EKG Step by step Steps in Analyzing ECG'S 1. Rhythm: - Regular _ Sinus, Junctional or Ventricular.
More informationSection V. Objectives
Section V Landscape of an MI Objectives At the conclusion of this presentation the participant will be able to Outline a systematic approach to 12 lead ECG interpretation Demonstrate the process for determining
More informationEkg pra pr c a tice D.HAMMOUDI.MD
Ekg practice D.HAMMOUDI.MD Anatomy Revisited RCA (Right Coronary Artery) Right ventricle Inferior wall of LV Posterior wall of LV (75%) SA Node (60%) AV Node (>80%) LCA (Left Coronary Artery) Septal wall
More informationPlease check your answers with correct statements in answer pages after the ECG cases.
ECG Cases ECG Case 1 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 S. Okutucu, A. Oto, Interpreting ECGs in Clinical Practice, In Clinical Practice, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90557-0
More information2/7/ LEAD ECG CASE STUDIES Lisa Riggs MSN, RN, ACNS-BC, CCRN-K CASE #1 WHAT ELSE WOULD YOU ASSESS? WHAT S YOUR DIAGNOSIS?
12 LEAD ECG CASE STUDIES Lisa Riggs MSN, RN, ACNS-BC, CCRN-K CASE #1 31 y/o male is a direct admit from the physician s office with c/o chest pain and SOA WHAT ELSE WOULD YOU ASSESS? WHAT S YOUR DIAGNOSIS?
More informationDR QAZI IMTIAZ RASOOL OBJECTIVES
PRACTICAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY DR QAZI IMTIAZ RASOOL OBJECTIVES Recording of electrical events in heart Established electrode pattern results in specific tracing pattern Health of heart i. e. Anatomical
More informationCRITICAL CARE OF THE CARDIAC PATIENT WEBINAR VET 2017
CRITICAL CARE OF THE CARDIAC PATIENT WEBINAR VET 2017 The Heart The heart is undoubtedly the most important organ in the body. Unfortunately, when it is not functioning properly, it can have dire consequences.
More informationECG Basics Sonia Samtani 7/2017 UCI Resident Lecture Series
ECG Basics Sonia Samtani 7/2017 UCI Resident Lecture Series Agenda I. Introduction II.The Conduction System III.ECG Basics IV.Cardiac Emergencies V.Summary The Conduction System Lead Placement avf Precordial
More information5- The normal electrocardiogram (ECG)
5- The (ECG) Introduction Electrocardiography is a process of recording electrical activities of heart muscle at skin surface. The electrical current spreads into the tissues surrounding the heart, a small
More informationFull file at
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What electrical event must occur for atrial kick to occur? 1) A) Atrial repolarization B) Ventricular
More informationBasic EKG Interpretation. Nirja Parikh, PT, DPT
Basic EKG Interpretation Nirja Parikh, PT, DPT Electrocardiogram (EKG) Using surface electrodes record the electrical activity of the heart electrical activity (usually) correlates to mechanical function
More information4. The two inferior chambers of the heart are known as the atria. the superior and inferior vena cava, which empty into the left atrium.
Answer each statement true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word to make it true. 1. The heart is located approximately between the second and fifth ribs and posterior to the
More informationAcute Coronary Syndromes. Disclosures
Acute Coronary Syndromes Disclosures I work for Virginia Garcia Memorial Health Center, Beaverton, OR. Jon Tardiff, BS, PA-C OHSU Clinical Assistant Professor And I am a medical editor for Jones & Bartlett
More information37 1 The Circulatory System
H T H E E A R T 37 1 The Circulatory System The circulatory system and respiratory system work together to supply cells with the nutrients and oxygen they need to stay alive. a) The respiratory system:
More informationELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (III) THE ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (III) THE ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM Scridon Alina, Șerban Răzvan Constantin Recording and analysis of the 12-lead ECG is part of the basic medical assessment performed for every
More informationElectrocardiography Abnormalities (Arrhythmias) 7. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD
Electrocardiography Abnormalities (Arrhythmias) 7 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD 1 Causes of Cardiac Arrythmias Abnormal rhythmicity of the pacemaker Shift of pacemaker from sinus node Blocks at different
More informationEKG Abnormalities. Adapted from:
EKG Abnormalities Adapted from: http://www.bem.fi/book/19/19.htm Some key terms: Arrhythmia-an abnormal rhythm or sequence of events in the EKG Flutter-rapid depolarizations (and therefore contractions)
More informationCardiac Telemetry Self Study: Part One Cardiovascular Review 2017 THINGS TO REMEMBER
Please review the above anatomy of the heart. THINGS TO REMEMBER There are 3 electrolytes that affect cardiac function o Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium When any of these electrolytes are out of the normal
More informationCardiac Arrhythmias. Cathy Percival, RN, FALU, FLMI VP, Medical Director AIG Life and Retirement Company
Cardiac Arrhythmias Cathy Percival, RN, FALU, FLMI VP, Medical Director AIG Life and Retirement Company The Cardiovascular System Three primary functions Transport of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ECG. Dr. Tamara Alqudah
INTRODUCTION TO ECG Dr. Tamara Alqudah Excitatory & conductive system of the heart + - The ECG The electrocardiogram, or ECG, is a simple & noninvasive diagnostic test which records the electrical
More informationElectrocardiography Normal 5. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD
Electrocardiography Normal 5 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD 1 Objectives 2 1. Describe the different waves in a normal electrocardiogram. 2. Recall the normal P-R and Q-T interval time of the QRS wave. 3.
More informationEKG. Danil Hammoudi.MD
EKG Danil Hammoudi.MD What is an EKG? The electrocardiogram (EKG) is a representation of the electrical events of the cardiac cycle. Each event has a distinctive waveform, the study of which can lead to
More informationSheet 5 physiology Electrocardiography-
*questions asked by some students Sheet 5 physiology Electrocardiography- -why the ventricles lacking parasympathetic supply? if you cut both sympathetic and parasympathetic supply of the heart the heart
More informationECG Interpretation Made Easy
ECG Interpretation Made Easy Dr. A Tageldien Abdellah, MSc MD EBSC Lecturer of Cardiology- Hull University Hull York Medical School 2007-2008 ECG Interpretation Made Easy Synopsis Benefits Objectives Process
More informationELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (ECG)
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (ECG) The heart is a muscular organ, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assists in
More informationEKG Competency for Agency
EKG Competency for Agency Name: Date: Agency: 1. The upper chambers of the heart are known as the: a. Atria b. Ventricles c. Mitral Valve d. Aortic Valve 2. The lower chambers of the heart are known as
More informationPennsylvania Academy of Family Physicians Foundation & UPMC 43rd Refresher Course in Family Medicine CME Conference March 10-13, 2016
Pennsylvania Academy of Family Physicians Foundation & UPMC 43rd Refresher Course in Family Medicine CME Conference March 10-13, 2016 Disclosures: EKG Workshop Louis Mancano, MD Speaker has no disclosures
More informationCardiac Cycle. Each heartbeat is called a cardiac cycle. First the two atria contract at the same time.
The Heartbeat Cardiac Cycle Each heartbeat is called a cardiac cycle. First the two atria contract at the same time. Next the two ventricles contract at the same time. Then all the chambers relax. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frd3k6lkhws
More informationRate: The atrial and ventricular rates are equal; heart rate is greater than 100 bpm (usually between bpm).
Sinus Bradycardia Regularity: The R-R intervals are constant; the rhythm is regular. Rate: The atrial and ventricular rates are equal; heart rate is less than 60 bpm. P wave: There is a uniform P wave
More informationElectrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals. Chapter 14 Basic 12-Lead ECG Interpretation
Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals Chapter 14 Basic 12-Lead ECG Interpretation 2012 The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Outcomes 14.1 Discuss the anatomic views seen on a 12-lead
More informationIntroduction to Electrocardiography
Introduction to Electrocardiography Class Objectives: Introduction to ECG monitoring Discuss principles of interpretation Identify the components and measurements of the ECG ECG analysis ECG Monitoring
More informationChapter 9. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives 9/11/2012. Cardiac Arrhythmias. Define electrical therapy
Chapter 9 Cardiac Arrhythmias Learning Objectives Define electrical therapy Explain why electrical therapy is preferred initial therapy over drug administration for cardiac arrest and some arrhythmias
More informationBASIC PRINCIPLES OF ECG INTERPRETATION
Chapter 1 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ECG INTERPRETATION Cardiac rhythm analysis may be accomplished informally via cardiac monitoring and more diagnostically via a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). An electrocardiogram
More informationECG CONVENTIONS AND INTERVALS
1 ECG Waveforms and Intervals ECG waveforms labeled alphabetically P wave== represents atrial depolarization QRS complex=ventricular depolarization ST-T-U complex (ST segment, T wave, and U wave)== V repolarization.
More informationphysiology 6 Mohammed Jaafer Turquoise team
15 physiology 6 Mohammed Jaafer 22-3-2016 Turquoise team Cardiac Arrhythmias and Their Electrocardiographic Interpretation Today, we are going to talk about the abnormal excitation. As we said before,
More informationCirculation. Circulation = is a process used for the transport of oxygen, carbon! dioxide, nutrients and wastes through-out the body
Circulation Circulation = is a process used for the transport of oxygen, carbon! dioxide, nutrients and wastes through-out the body Heart = muscular organ about the size of your fist which pumps blood.
More informationSample. Analyzing the Heart with EKG. Computer
Analyzing the Heart with EKG Computer An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a graphical recording of the electrical events occurring within the heart. In a healthy heart there is a natural pacemaker in
More informationCardiovascular System Notes: Physiology of the Heart
Cardiovascular System Notes: Physiology of the Heart Interesting Heart Fact Capillaries are so small it takes ten of them to equal the thickness of a human hair. Review What are the 3 parts of the cardiovascular
More informationOutcomes: By the end of this session the student will be able to:
Outcomes: By the end of this session the student will be able to: Discuss the cardiovascular system Identify the normal changes that occur with ageing Explain the nurses role in the care of residents with
More informationa lecture series by SWESEMJR
Electrolyte disturbances Hypokalaemia Decreased extracellular potassium increases excitability in the myocardial cells and consequently the effect of very severe hypokalaemia is ventricular arrhythmia.
More informationECG WORKBOOK. Rohan Jayasinghe
ECG WORKBOOK Rohan Jayasinghe Contents Preface vii Foreword viii Acknowledgements ix The author x Reviewers xi Section 1 Basics of the ECG 1 Section 2 ECG-based diagnosis: pathology by ECG 21 Section 3
More informationPearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting Administrative and Clinical Competencies
Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting Administrative and Clinical Competencies THIRD EDITION CHAPTER 27 The Cardiovascular System Lesson 1: Overview of the Cardiovascular System Lesson Objectives Upon
More informationELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY KEVIN REBECK PA-C. For more presentations
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY KEVIN REBECK PA-C For more presentations www.medicalppt.blogspot.com Objectives ECG History Pathophysiology Basics Case Historys Electrical activation of the heart In the heart
More informationChapter 12: Cardiovascular Physiology System Overview
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular Physiology System Overview Components of the cardiovascular system: Heart Vascular system Blood Figure 12-1 Plasma includes water, ions, proteins, nutrients, hormones, wastes,
More informationBASIC CONCEPT OF ECG
BASIC CONCEPT OF ECG Electrocardiogram The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of cardiac electrical activity. The electrical activity is readily detected by electrodes attached to the skin. After the
More informationECG interpretation basics
ECG interpretation basics Michał Walczewski, MD Krzysztof Ozierański, MD 21.03.18 Electrical conduction system of the heart Limb leads Precordial leads 21.03.18 Precordial leads Precordial leads 21.03.18
More informationElectrical Conduction
Sinoatrial (SA) node Electrical Conduction Sets the pace of the heartbeat at 70 bpm AV node (50 bpm) and Purkinje fibers (25 40 bpm) can act as pacemakers under some conditions Internodal pathway from
More informationECG INTERPRETATION MANUAL
Lancashire & South Cumbria Cardiac Network ECG INTERPRETATION MANUAL THE NORMAL ECG Lancashire And South Cumbria Cardiac Physiologist Training Manual THE NORMAL ECG E.C.G CHECKLIST 1) Name, Paper Speed,
More informationSIMPLY ECGs. Dr William Dooley
SIMPLY ECGs Dr William Dooley Content Basic ECG interpretation pattern Some common (examined) abnormalities Presenting ECGs in context Setting up an ECG Setting up an ECG 1 V1-4 th Right intercostal space
More informationStep by step approach to EKG rhythm interpretation:
Sinus Rhythms Normal sinus arrhythmia Small, slow variation of the R-R interval i.e. variation of the normal sinus heart rate with respiration, etc. Sinus Tachycardia Defined as sinus rhythm with a rate
More informationSection 5.1 The heart and heart disease
Section 5.1 The heart and heart disease Mammals are too large to rely on diffusion. They need a circulatory system to move substances around the body. Blood moves down pressure gradients, from high to
More informationYou Don t Want to Miss This One! Focus on can t miss EKG tracings
You Don t Want to Miss This One! Focus on can t miss EKG tracings Renaissance St. Louis Grand Hotel Convention Center October 23, 2014 David K. Tan, M.D., EMT-T, FAAEM EMS Section Chief, Division of Emergency
More information1 Cardiology Acute Care Day 22 April 2013 Arrhythmia Tutorial Course Material
1 Cardiology Acute Care Day 22 April 2013 Arrhythmia Tutorial Course Material Arrhythmia recognition This tutorial builds on the ECG lecture and provides a framework for approaching any ECG to allow the
More informationDiploma in Electrocardiography
The Society for Cardiological Science and Technology Diploma in Electrocardiography The Society makes this award to candidates who can demonstrate the ability to accurately record a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram
More informationFigure 2. Normal ECG tracing. Table 1.
Figure 2. Normal ECG tracing that navigates through the left ventricle. Following these bundle branches the impulse finally passes to the terminal points called Purkinje fibers. These Purkinje fibers are
More informationElectrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals
Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals Kathryn A. Booth Thomas O Brien Chapter 5: Rhythm Strip Interpretation and Sinus Rhythms Learning Outcomes 5.1 Explain the process of evaluating ECG tracings
More information