Cytoskelet Prednáška 6 Mikrotubuly a mitóza
|
|
- Lucas Butler
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Cytoskelet Prednáška 6 Mikrotubuly a mitóza
2 Polarity of tubulin polymerization Nuclei Tubulin > C C Preferential addition of tubulin ar (+) ends Tubulin < C C Preferential loss of tubulin ar (+) ends
3 Kinesin another molecular motor Heavy chain Coiled-coil α helix Globular head 10 nm Light chain ATP hydrolysis; Binding to MT Binding to transported vesicle
4 Kinesin versus myosin cycle
5 Dynein [(-)-end directed motor] and dynactin complex Heavy chains Intermediate chains Light chains
6 Mitosis in an animal cell
7 A course of mitosis in a typical animal cell Animation mitosis
8 A typical time course for mitosis and cytokinesis (M phase) in a mammalian cell CYTOKINESIS time (minutes)
9 The cytoskeleton in M phase
10 Three sets of MTs in the mitotic apparatus (polar)
11 Three sets of MTs in the mitotic apparatus
12 A model for formation of bipolar mitotic spindle by the selective stabilization of microtubules Astral MT Polar MT centrosome
13 Mitotic apparatus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chromosome Kinetochore MT Spindle pole body (SPB) Polar MT Nucleus
14 The spindle pole body in yeast
15 A chromosome in metaphase
16 Kinetochore microtubules
17 Centromeric attachment of MTs Chromatids Kinetochore Centromeric chromatin Fibrous corona Microtubule Outer plate Inner plate
18 The kinetochore DAPI kinetochore kinetochore anaphase chromatid direction of chromatid movement MTs embedded in kinetochore 1 µm
19 Kinetochores in cultured cells 10 µm Scleroderma patients produce anti-kinetochore antibodies
20 Three problems of prometaphase: 1. Spindle pole formation 2. Chromosome capture 3. Chromosome line-up at the equator
21 Centriole replication
22 A newly replicated pair of centrioles
23 Fluorescence-recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)
24 FRAP can be used for understanding dynamics of protein complexes McNally et al. (2000). Science 287:
25 Microtubules in an M-phase cell are much more dynamic than the microtubules at interphase
26 Dynamic instability and capture of chromosomes kinetochore Growing MTs SPB Shrinking MTs end capture
27 Dynamic instability and capture of chromosomes Side capture Chromosome slides to the (+) end
28 The dynamic behavior of microtubules in the metaphase spindle
29 The dynamic behavior of microtubules in the metaphase spindle Blue-DNA; Red-rhodamine-tubulin; Yellow-caged fluorescein-tubulin
30 The dynamic behavior of microtubules in the metaphase spindle CENP-E Dynein (+) (-)
31 Demonstration of the astral exclusion (pushing) force
32 Demonstration of the astral exclusion (pushing) force
33 Two possibilities for how chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate PULL Pulling force proportional to length of kinetochore MTs PUSH Astral exclusion force decreases with distance from pole ANIMATION: MT behavior during prometaphase
34 The two processes that separate sister chromatids at anaphase
35 Separation of chromatids at anaphase A
36 Movement of chromosomes during anaphase A
37 Movement of chromosomes during anaphase A is mediated by shortening of MTs at (+) ends
38 Involvement of kinetochores in chromosome movement during anaphase A
39 The two processes that separate sister chromatids at anaphase
40 How microtubule motor proteins act in anaphase B ONWARD PUSH ON SPINDLE POLES cell cortex ONWARD PULL ON SPINDLE POLES
41 Sliding of overlap microtubules at anaphase
42 Anaphase checkpoint important tool ensuring a healthy cell cycle Mitosis in animal cells video
43 How do two blind people equally split 46 pairs of socks?
44 Cell ensures bipolar attachment of each chromosome Incorrect MT capture Correct MT capture Monopolar attachment Unipolar attachment Bipolar attachment Kinetochores occupied Tension not established Kinetochores unoccupied Tension not established Kinetochores occupied Tension established Cell 109: 9-12 (2002)
45 Cohesins and anaphase Cohesin dimer Sister chromatid cohesion by cohesin
46 Cohesins and anaphase nm Gruber et al. (2006). Evidence that loading of cohesin onto chromosomes involves opening of its SMC hinge. Cell 127: SMC: Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes
47 Anaphase-promoting complex (APC) Ub APC Mad2 cohesin Mad2 Ub ubiquitin Pds1 (securin; inhibitor of separase) separase Nature 434: (2005); Cell 120: (2005) Sun, Y.,Kucej Martin et al. (2009). Separase Is Recruited to Mitotic Chromosomes to Dissolve Sister Chromatid Cohesion in a DNA-Dependent Manner. Cell 137,
48 Meiosis: even more challenging type of cell division Meiosis Mitosis Metaphase I Metaphase Anaphase I Anaphase Metaphase II Anaphase II Journal of Cell Science 117, (2004)
49 Meiosis: even more challenging type of cell division Juraj Gregáň : Gregan, J., et al (2007). Current Biology, 17(14): Petronczki, M., Matos, J., Mori, S., Gregan, J. et al. (2006). Cell, 126(6): Riedel, C.G., Katis, V.L., Katou, Y., Mori, S., Itoh, T., Helmhart, W., Galova, M., Petronczki, M., Gregan, J. et al. (2006). Nature, 441(7089): Gregan, J. et al. (2005). Current Biology, 15(18):
50 Novel role(s) of cohesin S. cerevisiae: SMC1 & SMC3 are required to prevent spreading of heterochromatin from silenced HMR locus H. sapiens: Mutations in Scc and SMC cause Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (autosomal dominant; 1-10,000-1:30,000) (some cases (SMC1A exhibit X-linked inheritance) NO DEFECTS IN SISTER CHROMATID COHESION Peric-Hupkes & van Steensel (2008). Linking Cohesin to Gene Regulation. Cell 132,
51 Novel role(s) of cohesin Read-through transcription in G1 leads to RNAi-dependent formation of heterochromatin and recruitment of cohesin Nonrandom distribution of cohesin throughout the chromosomes (acummulation of cohesin between convergent genes in G2 phase) Gullerová Monika & Proudfoot, N.J. (2008). Cohesin Complex Promotes Transcriptional Termination between Convergent Genes in S. pombe. Cell 132, Peric-Hupkes & van Steensel (2008). Linking Cohesin to Gene Regulation. Cell 132,
52 So similar Santino (Furuwik ZOO) yet so different Osvald. M. (2009). Spontaneous planning for future stone throwing by a male chimpanzee Curr. Biol. 19: R190 Sci. Amer. May 2009 issue
53 How to identify loci in human genome, which are under positive selection?
54 Examples of human loci under apparent positive selection HAR1, brain, possible affects size of cerebral cortex FOXP2, transcription factor, speech production AMY1, digestion of starch, exploration of novel food (?) wt ASPM, control of brain size (mutated in microcephalic patients) aspm LCT, digestion of lactose provided by domesticated animals har1 HAR2, development of wrist and thumb
55 Spindle rotation during development
56 Neuroeipithelial (NE) cells: primary neural progenitors BP NE RG N Lineage relationships between neuroepithelial cells (NE), radial-glial cells (RG), basal progenitors (BP) and neurons (N). Huttner & Kosodo (2005). Curr. Opinion Cell Biol. 17:
57 Types of division: Symmetric proliferative: NE NEUROGENIC: Asymmetric self-renewing: NE Asymmetric bi-differentiative: NE radial glial cell + neuron NE + NE NE + neuron
58 Ventricular germinal zone: A layer of intensive division of neuroepithelial cells Marginal zone Intermediate zone Ventricular germinal zone neural tube Purves et al. (2001). Neuroscience, 2 nd Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc.
59 Symmetric versus asymmetric division of neuroepithelial and radial-glial cells with vertical cleavage plane orientation apical plasma membrane Aspm symmetric asymmetric Huttner & Kosodo (2005). Curr. Opinion Cell Biol. 17: Fish a kol. (2007). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:
The Cell Cycle CHAPTER 12
The Cell Cycle CHAPTER 12 The Key Roles of Cell Division cell division = reproduction of cells All cells come from pre-exisiting cells Omnis cellula e cellula Unicellular organisms division of 1 cell reproduces
More information(a) Reproduction. (b) Growth and development. (c) Tissue renewal
100 µm 200 µm 20 µm (a) Reproduction (b) Growth and development (c) Tissue renewal 1 20 µm 2 0.5 µm Chromosomes DNA molecules Chromosome arm Centromere Chromosome duplication (including DNA synthesis)
More informationOrigin of replication. Septum
Bacterial cell Bacterial chromosome: Double-stranded DNA Origin of replication Septum 1 2 3 Chromosome Rosettes of Chromatin Loops Chromatin Loop Solenoid Scaffold protein Scaffold protein Chromatin loop
More informationBacterial cell. Origin of replication. Septum
Bacterial cell Bacterial chromosome: Double-stranded DNA Origin of replication Septum 1 2 3 Chromosome Rosettes of Chromatin Loops Scaffold protein Chromatin Loop Solenoid Scaffold protein Chromatin loop
More informationThe Cell Cycle. Packet #9. Thursday, August 20, 2015
1 The Cell Cycle Packet #9 2 Introduction Cell Cycle An ordered sequence of events in the life of a dividing eukaryotic cell and is a cellular asexual reproduction. The contents of the parent s cell nucleus
More informationUnduplicated. Chromosomes. Telophase
10-2 Cell Division The Cell Cycle Interphase Mitosis Prophase Cytokinesis G 1 S G 2 Chromatin in Parent Nucleus & Daughter Cells Chromatin Daughter Nuclei Telophase Mitotic Anaphase Metaphase Use what
More informationCell Cycle, Mitosis, and Microtubules. LS1A Final Exam Review Friday 1/12/07. Processes occurring during cell cycle
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Microtubules LS1A Final Exam Review Friday 1/12/07 Processes occurring during cell cycle Replicate chromosomes Segregate chromosomes Cell divides Cell grows Cell Growth 1 The standard
More information8.4 The cell cycle multiplies cells. 8.4 The cell cycle multiplies cells
8.4 The cell cycle multiplies cells! Cell division is a highly orchestrated process! The cell cycle is an ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a cell is first formed from a dividing parent
More informationBIOLOGY. The Cell Cycle CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 12 The Cell Cycle Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick The Key Roles of Cell Division The ability
More informationChapter 2. Mitosis and Meiosis
Chapter 2. Mitosis and Meiosis Chromosome Theory of Heredity What structures within cells correspond to genes? The development of genetics took a major step forward by accepting the notion that the genes
More informationMitosis vs. microtubule
Mitosis vs. microtubule Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) Duplicated centrosomes align and begin separating in prophase Relation of centrosome duplication to the cell cycle. Parent centrioles
More informationThe Cell Cycle. Chapter 12. Biology. Edited by Shawn Lester. Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Edited by Shawn Lester PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationBiology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division. AP Biology
Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division Chapter 12. The Cell Cycle: Cell Growth, Cell Division Where it all began You started as a cell smaller than a period at
More informationMITOSIS IN ONION ROOTLET CELLS
Lesson 6: CELL CYCLE, MITOSIS Name: Group: MITOSIS IN ONION ROOTLET CELLS Permanent slide: onion rootlet stained with acetorcein The particular mitotic phases are visible in the onion rootlet cells. Chromosomes
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.12 - CELL DIVISION.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: CELL DIVISION Cell division is the process by which one cell splits into two or more daughter cells. Cell division generally requires that cells produce enough materials,
More information2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
2 The Cell Cycle CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson The Key Roles of Cell Division The ability of organisms to produce more of their own kind best distinguishes living
More informationMolecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 22: The Mechanics of Cell Division
Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 22: The Mechanics of Cell Division Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following statements about mitosis is correct? Question #1 (A) Mitosis involves the dividing
More informationHow Cells Divide. Chapter 10
How Cells Divide Chapter 10 Bacterial Cell Division Bacteria divide by binary fission. -the single, circular bacterial chromosome is replicated -replication begins at the origin of replication and proceeds
More informationMITOSIS AND THE CELL CYCLE PowerPoint Notes
1 Name: Date: MITOSIS AND THE CELL CYCLE PowerPoint Notes THE FUNCTIONS OF CELL DIVISION 1. Cell division is vital for all. living organisms This is the only process that can create. new cells 2. Cell
More informationThe Cell Cycle and How Cells Divide
The Cell Cycle and How Cells Divide 1 Phases of the Cell Cycle The cell cycle consists of Interphase normal cell activity The mitotic phase cell divsion INTERPHASE Growth G 1 (DNA synthesis) Growth G 2
More informationMitosis and the Cell Cycle
Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle: Cell Growth & Cell Division Where it all began You started as a cell smaller than a period at the end of a sentence Getting from there to here Cell
More informationMitosis. AND Cell DiVISION
Mitosis AND Cell DiVISION Cell Division Characteristic of living things: ability to reproduce their own kind. Cell division purpose: When unicellular organisms such as amoeba divide to form offspring reproduction
More informationBiology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division
Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division 2007-2008 The Cell Cycle: Cell Growth, Cell Division 2007-2008 Where it all began You started as a cell smaller than a
More informationCell Cycle - Introduction
Cell Cycle - Introduction Key Concepts Cell division results in two identical cells During cell division the ability to organize DNA in time and space (location in the cell) is critical! The mitotic phase
More informationBiology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division
Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division 2007-2008 The Cell Cycle: Cell Growth, Cell Division 2007-2008 Where it all began You started as a cell smaller than a
More informationAPGRU4L1 Chap 12 Extra Reading Cell Cycle and Mitosis
APGRU4L1 Chap 12 Extra Reading Cell Cycle and Mitosis Dr. Ramesh Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division 2007-2008 The Cell Cycle: Cell Growth, Cell Division 2007-2008
More informationThe Cell Cycle. Chapter 12. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp 1
More informationChapter 12 The Cell Cycle: Cell Growth, Cell Division
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle: Cell Growth, Cell Division 2007-2008 Where it all began You started as a cell smaller than a period at the end of a sentence And now look at you How did you get from there to
More informationBiology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division
Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division The Cell Cycle: Cell Growth, Cell Division 2007-2008 2007-2008 Getting from there to here Going from egg to baby. the original
More informationThe Cell Cycle CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS SECOND EDITION URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 9 The Cell Cycle Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION Overview: The Key
More informationRegulators of Cell Cycle Progression
Regulators of Cell Cycle Progression Studies of Cdk s and cyclins in genetically modified mice reveal a high level of plasticity, allowing different cyclins and Cdk s to compensate for the loss of one
More informationPloidy and Human Cell Types. Cell Cycle and Mitosis. DNA and Chromosomes. Where It All Began 11/19/2014. Chapter 12 Pg
Ploidy and Human Cell Types Cell Cycle and Mitosis Chapter 12 Pg. 228 245 Cell Types Somatic cells (body cells) have 46 chromosomes, which is the diploid chromosome number. A diploid cell is a cell with
More informationBIOLOGY 4/6/2015. Cell Cycle - Mitosis. Outline. Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division. identical daughter cells. I. Overview II.
2 Cell Cycle - Mitosis CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Outline I. Overview II. Mitotic Phase I. Prophase II. III. Telophase IV. Cytokinesis III. Binary fission
More informationThe Cell Cycle. Chapter 12. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright
More informationGenetics and Cellular Function
Genetics and Cellular Function DNA replication and the cell cycle Mitosis Mitosis Mitosis: division of cells that results in daughter cells with the same the genetic information that the original cell
More informationCellular Reproduction, Part 1: Mitosis Lecture 10 Fall 2008
Cell Theory 1 Cellular Reproduction, Part 1: Mitosis Lecture 10 Fall 2008 Cell theory: All organisms are made of cells All cells arise from preexisting cells How do new cells arise? Cell division the reproduction
More informationThe Cell Cycle. Chapter 12. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:
More informationGeneral Biology. Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division The continuity of life is based upon the reproduction of cells, or cell division
General Biology Course No: BNG2003" Credits: 3.00 " " " 8. The Cell Cycle Prof. Dr. Klaus Heese Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division The continuity of life is based upon the reproduction of cells,
More informationBiology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division
Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division 2007-2008 The Cell Cycle: Cell Growth, Cell Division 2007-2008 Getting from there to here Going from egg to baby. the original
More informationCH 9: The Cell Cycle Overview. Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material. Distribution of Chromosomes During Eukaryotic Cell Division
CH 9: The Cell Cycle Overview The ability of organisms to produce more of their own kind best distinguishes living things from nonliving matter The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells,
More informationChapter 12. The Cell Cycle
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle The Key Roles of Cell Division The ability of organisms to produce more of their own kind is the one characteristic that best distinguishes living things from nonliving things.
More informationMitosis/Meiosis Simulation Activities
Mitosis/Meiosis Simulation Activities In this simulation, you will demonstrate an understanding of mitosis, meiosis, segregation, independent assortment, and crossing over, all processes involved with
More informationMitosis THE CELL CYCLE. In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the entire organism Multicellular organisms use cell division for..
Mitosis THE CELL CYCLE In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the entire organism Multicellular organisms use cell division for.. Development from a fertilized cell Growth Repair Cell
More informationBiology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division
Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division 2007-2008 The Cell Cycle: Cell Growth, Cell Division Ch. 10 Where it all began You started as a cell smaller than a period
More informationGeneral Biology. Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division. Unicellular organisms
General Biology Course No: BNG2003 Credits: 3.00 8. The Cell Cycle Prof. Dr. Klaus Heese Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division The continuity of life is based upon the reproduction of cells, or cell
More informationThe questions below refer to the following terms. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
The questions below refer to the following terms. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a) telophase b) anaphase c) prometaphase d) metaphase e) prophase 1) DNA begins to coil and
More informationThe Cell Cycle. Dr. SARRAY Sameh, Ph.D
The Cell Cycle Dr. SARRAY Sameh, Ph.D Overview When an organism requires additional cells (either for growth or replacement of lost cells), new cells are produced by cell division (mitosis) Somatic cells
More informationCell Division and Mitosis
Chromatin-Uncoiled DNA during interphase Cell Division and Mitosis Chromosomes-Tightly coiled DNA Chromatid-One half of a duplicated chromosome. Each is identical and called sister chromatids Centromere-The
More informationEssential Questions. Why are cells relatively small? What are the primary stages of the cell cycle? What are the stages of interphase?
Essential Questions Why are cells relatively small? What are the primary stages of the cell cycle? What are the stages of interphase? Cellular Growth Vocabulary Review selective permeability New cell cycle
More informationCampbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter 9 The Cell Cycle. 9.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter 9 The Cell Cycle 9.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how
More informationBIOLOGY. Cell Cycle - Mitosis. Outline. Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division. identical daughter cells. I. Overview II.
2 Cell Cycle - Mitosis CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Outline I. Overview II. Mitotic Phase I. Prophase II. III. Telophase IV. Cytokinesis III. Binary fission
More informationCell Division. During interphase, a cell s DNA is in a loose form called. It condenses into tightly coiled structures called chromosomes during.
Cell Division The is a cell s total DNA. Prokaryotes DNA is found mostly in a single called the and also in small circles called. Eukaryotes have several DNA double helices packaged into. During interphase,
More informationWhy do cells divide? Cells divide in order to make more cells they multiply in order to create a larger surface to volume ratio!!!
Why do cells divide? Cells divide in order to make more cells they multiply in order to create a larger surface to volume ratio!!! Chromosomes Are made of chromatin: a mass of genetic material composed
More informationChapter 8 The Cell Cycle
What molecule stores your genetic information or determines everything about you? DNA a nucleic acid How are DNA molecules arranged in the nucleus? As you can see DNA is: Chapter 8 The Cell Cycle 1. Arranged
More information10-2 Cell Division. Chromosomes
Cell Division In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two major stages. The first stage, division of the cell nucleus, is called mitosis. The second stage, division of the cell cytoplasm, is called cytokinesis.
More informationMitosis: cell division that forms identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (duplicate and divide)
Mitosis: cell division that forms identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (duplicate and divide) Meiosis: cell division that forms daughter cells with half the number
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Lectures by Erin
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Lectures by Erin
More informationmeiosis asexual reproduction CHAPTER 9 & 10 The Cell Cycle, Meiosis & Sexual Life Cycles Sexual reproduction mitosis
meiosis asexual reproduction CHAPTER 9 & 10 The Cell Cycle, Meiosis & Sexual Sexual reproduction Life Cycles mitosis Chromosomes Consists of a long DNA molecule (represents thousands of genes) Also consists
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Lectures by Erin
More informationMitosis Notes AP Biology Mrs. Laux
I. Cell Cycle-includes interphase and mitosis (IPPMAT) A. Interphase 1. accounts for 90% of the cycle 2. cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division 3. produces proteins and
More informationCELL CYCLE INTRODUCTION PART I ANIMAL CELL CYCLE INTERPHASE
CELL CYCLE INTRODUCTION The nuclei in cells of eukaryotic organisms contain chromosomes with clusters of genes, discrete units of hereditary information consisting of double-stranded DNA. Structural proteins
More informationOmnis cellula e cellula
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Omnis cellula e cellula 1855- Rudolf Virchow German scientist all cells arise from a previous cell Every cell from a cell In order for this to be true, cells must have the ability
More information10-2 Cell Division mitosis. cytokinesis. Chromosomes chromosomes Slide 1 of 38
In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two major stages. The first stage, division of the cell nucleus, is called mitosis. The second stage, division of the cell cytoplasm, is called cytokinesis. Chromosomes
More information-The cell s hereditary endowment of DNA -Usually packaged into chromosomes for manageability
Binary Fission-Bacterial Cell Division -Asexual reproduction of prokaryotes -No mitosis -Circular DNA and organelles replicate, the copies migrate to opposite sides of the elongating cell, and the cell
More informationCELL GROWTH & DIVISION
CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. DNA OVERLOAD As cell grows bigger demand on DNA genetic library becomes too great Ex: Small town library has 1000 books. As town grows and more people
More informationHistones- protein molecules that are used to fold and package DNA into chromosomes.
Chromosome- a portion of the DNA in a cell, a chromosome is created when the DNA segment coils around histones then twists further to create a long twisted mass. Histones- protein molecules that are used
More informationCellular Reproduction
Section 1: Cellular Growth Section 2: Mitosis and Cytokinesis Section 3: Cell Cycle Regulation Click on a lesson name to select. Section 1 Cellular Growth Ratio of Surface Area to Volume Section 1 Cellular
More information10-2 Cell Division. Slide 1 of 38. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
1 of 38 Cell Division In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two major stages. The first stage, division of the cell nucleus, is called mitosis. The second stage, division of the cell cytoplasm, is called
More informationThe Cell Cycle. Chapter 12. Key Concepts in Chapter 12. Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division. Video: Sea Urchin Embryonic Development (time-lapse)
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Dr. Wendy era Houston Community College Biology 1406 Key Concepts in Chapter 12 1. Most cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells. 2. The mitotic phase alternates
More informationCell Cycle and Mitosis
Cell Cycle and Mitosis Name Period A# THE CELL CYCLE The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a eukaryotic cell between its formation and the moment it replicates
More informationChapter 10. Cell Cycle - Mitosis
Chapter 10 Cell Cycle - Mitosis WHAT CELL REPRODUCTION ACCOMPLISHES Cell division plays important roles in the lives of organisms. Cell division replaces damaged or lost cells permits growth allows for
More informationPrentice Hall Biology Slide 1 of 38
Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 38 2 of 38 In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two major stages. The first stage, division of the cell nucleus, is called mitosis. The second stage, division of the cell cytoplasm,
More informationCell division functions in 1. reproduction, 2. growth, and 3. repair
Cell division functions in 1. reproduction, 2. growth, and 3. repair What do you think you are looking at here??? Can something like you or I do this??? Fig. 12.1 How did you start out? How did you grow?
More informationGenetics. Instructor: Dr. Jihad Abdallah Lecture 2 The cell cycle and Cell Division
Genetics Instructor: Dr. Jihad Abdallah Lecture 2 The cell cycle and Cell Division 1 The cell cycle Living cells go through a series of stages known as the cell cycle. They undergo a continuous alternation
More informationBiology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division
The Cell Cycle Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division Why do cells divide? For reproduction asexual reproduction For growth one-celled organisms from fertilized
More informationThe Cell Cycle 4/10/12. Chapter 12. Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Lectures by Erin
More informationChromosomes & Cell Division
Chromosomes & Cell Division Cell Division The growth and splitting of cells into two new, identical cells called daughter cells. Mitosis Meiosis DNA replicates Parent cell Chromosomes separate Cell division
More informationCell Division. The Process of Cell Division Section Section 10.2: The Process of Cell Division 12/8/2010
The Process of Cell Division Section 10.2 Biology B Section 10.2: The Process of Cell Division The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Key concepts
More informationMonday, October 6 Put these items into the appropriate category:
Monday, October 6 Put these items into the appropriate category: Active Transport Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis Simple Diffusion The smell of rotten eggs spreading through the room Requires ATP expenditure
More informationOutline Interphase Mitotic Stage Cell Cycle Control Apoptosis Mitosis Mitosis in Animal Cells Cytokinesis Cancer Prokaryotic Cell Division
The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 Outline Interphase Mitotic Stage Cell Cycle Control Apoptosis Mitosis Mitosis in Animal Cells Cytokinesis Cancer Prokaryotic Cell Division 1 2 Interphase
More informationCellular Reproduction, Part 2: Meiosis Lecture 10 Fall 2008
Mitosis & 1 Cellular Reproduction, Part 2: Lecture 10 Fall 2008 Mitosis Form of cell division that leads to identical daughter cells with the full complement of DNA Occurs in somatic cells Cells of body
More informationMitosis: Cell Division
Do Now: What process do you think this cartoon is describing? Mitosis: Cell Division Key Points On Cell Division Species must reproduce in order to survive from generation to generation. All living things
More informationBreaking Up is Hard to Do (At Least in Eukaryotes) Mitosis
Breaking Up is Hard to Do (At Least in Eukaryotes) Mitosis Chromosomes Chromosomes were first observed by the German embryologist Walther Fleming in 1882. Chromosome number varies among organisms most
More informationCell Division (Mitosis)
Cell Division (Mitosis) Chromosomes The essential part of a chromosome is a single very long strand of DNA. This DNA contains all the genetic information for creating and running the organism. Each chromosome
More informationCreating Identical Body Cells
Creating Identical Body Cells 5.A Students will describe the stages of the cell cycle, including DNA replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms 5.D Students
More informationMITOSIS AND THE CELL CYCLE PowerPoint Notes
1 Name: Date: MITOSIS AND THE CELL CYCLE PowerPoint Notes THE FUNCTIONS OF CELL DIVISION 1. Cell division is vital for all. This is the process that can create. 2. Cell Division always involves main processes:
More informationBreaking Up is Hard to Do (At Least in Eukaryotes) Mitosis
Breaking Up is Hard to Do (At Least in Eukaryotes) Mitosis Prokaryotes Have a Simpler Cell Cycle Cell division in prokaryotes takes place in two stages, which together make up a simple cell cycle 1. Copy
More informationChapter 8. The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance. Lecture by Mary C. Colavito
Chapter 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Copyright 2009 Pearson Education,
More informationThe Cell Cycle. Biology
The Cell Cycle Biology Standards you are responsible for mastering. SB1a: Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis
More informationMitosis and Cytokinesis
B-2.6 Summarize the characteristics of the cell cycle: interphase (called G1, S, G2); the phases of mitosis (called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase); and plant and animal cytokinesis. The
More informationU3.2.3: Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear DNA molecules associated with histone proteins. (Oxford Biology Course Companion page 151).
Cell Division Study Guide U3.2.3: Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear DNA molecules associated with histone proteins. (Oxford Biology Course Companion page 151). 1. Describe the structure of eukaryotic DNA
More informationMultiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Biology Mo Test: Q3 Mr. Rellinger Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which event occurs during interphase? The cell carries
More informationCELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2
Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.jpg CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2 Image by Riedell 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. DNA OVERLOAD As cell grows bigger demand on DNA
More informationWhy do cells reproduce?
Outline Cell Reproduction 1. Overview of Cell Reproduction 2. Cell Reproduction in Prokaryotes 3. Cell Reproduction in Eukaryotes 1. Chromosomes 2. Cell Cycle 3. Mitosis and Cytokinesis Examples of Cell
More informationChapter 8: Cellular Reproduction
Chapter 8: Cellular Reproduction 1. The Cell Cycle 2. Mitosis 3. Meiosis 2 Types of Cell Division 2n 1n Mitosis: occurs in somatic cells (almost all cells of the body) generates cells identical to original
More information3/19/17. Chromosomes. Chromosome Structure. Chromosome Structure. Chromosome Structure. Chapter 10: Cell Growth & Division
Chapter 10: Cell Growth & Division Section 2: The Process of Cell Division Chromosomes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) a molecule that stores genetic information, which controls the development and functioning
More informationCELL CYCLE INTRODUCTION PART I ANIMAL CELL CYCLE INTERPHASE EVOLUTION/HEREDITY UNIT. Activity #3
AP BIOLOGY EVOLUTION/HEREDITY UNIT Unit 1 Part 3 Chapter 12 Activity #3 INTRODUCTION CELL CYCLE NAME DATE PERIOD The nuclei in cells of eukaryotic organisms contain chromosomes with clusters of genes,
More informationCell Cycle. Cell Cycle the cell s life cycle that extends from one division to the next G1 phase, the first gap phase. S phase, synthesis phase
Cell Cycle the cell s life cycle that extends from one division to the next G1 phase, the first gap phase Cell Cycle interval between cell division and DNA replication accumulates materials needed to replicate
More information