Chemical Oxidants for Remediation of BTEX-contaminated Soils at Coking Sites

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1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol 32 No 3 Mar * Fenton Fenton 4 BTEX Fenton Fenton BTEX 83% 73% 4% Fenton Fenton BTEX 80% 71% 65% BTEX 83% 77% BTEX X53 A Chemical Oxidants for Remediation of BTEX-contaminated Soils at Coking Sites ZHAO Dan 1 2 YAN Xiu-lan 1 LIAO Xiao-yong 1 TU Shu-xin 2 SHI Qi-wen 1 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy and SciencesBeijing China 2 College of Resource and EnvironmentHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan China Abstract An enclosed reactor was used to evaluate Fenton reagentmodified Fenton reagentpotassium permanganate and activated persulfate for removal of benzenetolueneethyl benzeneand xylene BTEX from soil at contaminated industrial coking sites The results showed that Fenton reagent and modified Fenton reagent were the optimum oxidants for removing BTEXand these oxidants decreased the concentration of BTEX in soils by 83 % and 73 % respectively The proportion of BTEX volatilized from the soil was < 4% in both casesand the rates of BTEX removal from the whole system were 80% and 71% More than 65% of xylene was removed after treatment with Fenton reagent and modified Fenton reagent In contrastbenzenetoluene were more resistant to oxidationand ethyl benzene was the most resistant of these compounds The concentration of BTEX decreased to some extent when permanganate and activated persulfate were used as oxidants Howeverthe proportions of volatilized BTEX were 83 % and 77 % for permanganate and activated persulfaterespectively This indicates that they could stimulate the desorption and volatilization of BTEX while they were ineffective for removing BTEX from the environment Key words industrial polluted sites BTEX chemical oxidation remediation BTEX mg / kg 6 BTEX BTEX 1 2 BTEX BTEX 5 Fenton Fenton BTEX 9 ~ 14 BTEX BTEX BTEX BTEX 14 ~ 24 mg / kg mg / kg 6 BTEX D ~ zhaodan@ igsnrr ac cn * liaoxy@ igsnrr ac cn

2 BTEX 4 TOC 0 5% mg / kg BTEX 12 4 ph Table 1 1 Concentrations of pollutants in tested soil BTEX / mg kg Table 2 List of treatments / mmol g - 1 Fenton 1 Fenton H 2 O 2 30% 1 FeSO 4 0 5mol / L 0 2 Fenton 1 5 Fenton H 2 O 2 30% 1 5 FeSO mol / L 0 3 Fenton 2 Fenton 1 Fenton Fenton H 2 O 2 30% 2 FeSO mol / L 0 4 H 2 O 2 30% 1 FeSO mol / L H 2 O 2 30% 1 5 Fenton 1 5 Fenton FeSO mol / L 0 3 Fenton 2 Fenton 0 3 H 2 O 2 30% 2 FeSO mol / L mol / L mol / L mol / L 2 1mol / L FeSO mol / L mol / L 3 FeSO mol / L mol / L 4 FeSO mol / L

3 g 250 ml 6 0 mg / kg BTEX 1 5 ~ 2 mmol / g Fenton 100 ml BTEX 1 mmol / g Fenton 3 Fenton BTEX 20 ml BTEX 14 0 mg / kg 250 ml 2 h 22 h ph h 24 h r / min 10 min BTEX BTEX BTEX 5 g 10 ml μl 10 ml 5 ml OI4660 GC2010 EPA min min min 40 ml / min min 10 / min BTEX BTEX 1μL 1 4 SAS 14% 82% 12% 83% BTEX 93% 85% 50% Fenton BTEX 70% 1 BTEX 30 8 mg / kg p < mmol / g Fenton BTEX BTEX 1 BTEX Fig 1 Concentration of BTEX in soils before and after treatment with different oxidants 2 2 BTEX 1 BTEX BTEX 2 5 min 1 ml / min Fenton 5 BTEX / 100% 1 mmol / g 2 mmol / g 33% 19% 14% 77% 72% 42%

4 Fig 2 2 BTEX Rate of BTEX removed from soils using different oxidants 17 9 mg / L 2 ~ 3 mmol / g 1 5 mmol / g 18 0 mg / L 4 mmol / g 80% 10 0 mg / L 45% 41% 3 mmol / g BTEX 2 mmol / g BTEX 1 6 mg / L 1 0 ~ 1 8 mg / L 2 3 BTEX BTEX 3 Fenton Fenton BTEX 1 0 mg / L BTEX 12 1 ~ 23 8 mg / L Fenton Fenton BTEX 0 5 mg / L 1 7 ~ 2 6 mg / L 0 7 ~ 1 mmol / g 9 3 mg / L 1 5 mmol / g 2 mmol / g 2 4 BTEX 19 7 mg / L 3 Fig 3 BTEX Concentration of BTEX in receiving solvents after treatment with different oxidants

5 Fenton BTEX 9% 13% BTEX - - / 100% 18% 80% BTEX 81% 17% BTEX 2% 3 Fenton 1 mmol / g Fenton BTEX 71% BTEX 27% BTEX 2% ~ 4% 1 mmol / g 2 5 ph 40% 17% 1 5 ~ 2 mmol / g 2 mmol / g ph BTEX 5 Fenton 70% 35 BTEX BTEX 2 h Fenton BTEX 28 1 h 3 mmol / g4 mmol / g 20 4 Fig 4 BTEX Rate of BTEX after chemical oxidation Fig 5 5 Changes of temperature during the process of chemical oxidation Fenton ph 3 ph Fenton ph 2 3 ph Fenton Fenton BTEX 2 Fenton 6

6 Fig 6 6 ph Changes of ph during the process of chemical oxidation ph BTEX Fenton Fenton 3 ph BTEX ~ 4 Fenton 2 Fenton Fenton BTEX mmol / g Fenton BTEX 1 ~ 1 5 BTEX 80% mmol / g Fenton 3 mmol / g 71% BTEX BTEX 2 mmol / g 4 mmol / g 20% BTEX ph 3 Fenton 2 5% H 2 O mmol / L Fe 2 + BTEX BTEX BTEX 95% Fenton Fenton mmol / L H 2 O 2 10 mmol / L Fe h BTEX BTEX 97% 16 H 2 O 2 BTEX 13% Fe mol / L BTEX 94% 17 Ahad 18 Fenton 68% ~ 94% Fenton ph ph 2 mmol / g Fenton 1920 ph 3 Fenton BTEX 50% 1421 ph 2 ~ 47 ~ BTEX 13% 8 ph ph 3 mmol / g ph ph BTEX 3 2 BTEX BTEX BTEX 5 BTEX

7 3 855 Fenton Fenton Fenton ph Lou 11 2 Fenton BETX BTEX BTEX BTEX BTEX 0 5 mg / kg BTEX BTEX BTEX J Fenton Fenton Fenton Fenton ph Fenton ph Fenton ph J ph BTEX BTEX 11Lou J CLee S S BTEX BTEX BTEX J 20 autochthonous ironj Fenton Fenton BTEX Fenton 1 J J J J J Margesin RWalder GSchinner F Bioremediation assessment of a BTEX-contaminated soilj Acta Biotechnologica O Niell W LNzengung V A In-situ bioremediation and phytoremediation of contaminated soils and water three case studies J Environmental ResearchEngineering and Management Tiburtius E R LPeralta-Zamora PEmmel A Treatment of gasoline-contaminated waters by advanced oxidation processes Journal of Hazardous Materials Watts R JHaller D RJones A Pet al A foundation for the risk-based treatment of gasoline-contaminated soils using modified Fenton s reactionsj Journal of Hazardous Materials2000 Chemical oxidation of BTX using Fenton s reagentj Hazardous Waste & Hazardous Materials Gabriel JBaldrian PVerma Pet al Degradation of BTEX and PAHs by Co Ⅱ and Cu Ⅱ -based radical-generating systems Applied Catalysis B Environmental Bergendahl JHubbard SGrasso D Pilot-scale Fenton s oxidation of organic contaminants in groundwater using Journal of Hazardous Materials Liang CHuang C FChen Y J Potential for activated persulfate degradation of BTEX contaminationj Water Research Fenton J Kang NHua I Enhanced chemical oxidation of aromatic

8 hydrocarbons in soil systemsj Chemosphere Mater LSperb R MMadureira L A Set al Proposal of a sequential treatment methodology for the safe reuse of oil sludgecontaminated soilj Journal of Hazardous Materials Ahad J M ESlater G F Carbon isotope effects associated with Fenton-like degradation of toluene Potential for differentiation of abiotic and biotic degradation J Science of the Total Environment Materials J Ito SMitarai AHikino Ket al Deactivation reaction in the hydroxylation of benzene with Fenton s reagentj Journal of Organic Chemistry Liang CChen Y JChang K J Evaluation of persulfate oxidative wet scrubber for removing BTEX gasesj Journal of Hazardous Materials Flotron VDelteil CPadellec Yet al Removal of sorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soilsludge and sediment samples using the Fenton s reagent processj Chemosphere Bogan B WTrbovic V Effect of sequestration on PAH degradability with Fenton s reagent roles of total organic carbonhuminand soil porosity J Journal of Hazardous 24 M Sedlak D LAndren A W The effect of sorption on the oxidation of polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs by hydroxyl radicalj Water Research

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