29a Reunião Anual do CBNA

Transcription

1 29a Reunião Anual do CBNA The importance of feed, feed intake and management in relation to the use of antibiotics Ben Oelbrandt, De Heus, Holland

2 Introduction : International product manager piglets Ben Oelbrandt Veterinarian Since 1996 premix, additives and piglet feed Nuscience (10), Nutreco (7), De Heus (Feb. 2013) Function : Development and alignment of piglet portfolios around de world Sharing the knowledge of working without antibiotics (even when AB can be used)

3 Agenda 1. Use of antibiotics in the Netherlands and challenges to coop with 2. Importance of feed intake before and after weaning 3. Strategy to assure a healthy growth after weaning 4. Final Conclusions Agenda

4 The use of antibiotics in the Netherlands :

5 Reduction of antibiotics : challenges Streptococcal infections Intestinal problems Complicating factors : GI tract is not fully developed at weaning Piglets are immunologically immature

6 Atividade enzymática (unidade: peso vivo) Gastro-intestinal tract is not fully developed : 11 days after weaning Pluske, presented at DPP (2015) 21 days after birth Idade em semanas Feuchter, F. R. (2003)

7 Immunologically immature : Muirhead et al (2013)

8 Reduction of antibiotics : challenges Streptococcal infections Intestinal problems Complicating factors : GI tract is not fully developed at weaning Piglets are immunologically immature Feed intake is irregular

9 Too low or too high feed intake? Both are a problem!! Atrofy of the intestinal villi Reduced enzymatic activity Decreased absorption of nutrients Increased intestinal permeability Feed is not completely digested Fermentation of starch and protein in colon Formation of biogenic amines Diarrhea

10 How do we meet the challenges? Focus: prevention!! Reduction of stress

11 Reduction of stress before weaning : Stress factor Diarrhea Norm Maximum 5 % of the litters Hoofdstuk

12 Consumo (gr/leitão) Management in farrowing pen : Prevention of diarrhea leitões sadios Consumo de ração leitões com diarréia Danos na mucosa Integrity of intestines is reduced : Villus height : - 64% Fonte: De Heus TJ-P-143 Feed intake : - 45%

13 Reduction of stress before weaning : Stress factor Diarrhea Inflamed joints Coughing Cold / laying behaviour Vaccinations Norm Maximum 5 % of the litters < 3% of the piglets Absent Next to each other > 5 days after birth, < 5 d before weaning Hoofdstuk

14 Reduction of stress after weaning stressfactor Diarrhea < 2d after weaning 3-5 d after weaning >5 d after weaning Inflamed joints Coughing Laying behaviour Norm absent History out of farrowing pens,contaminated water Feeding management Weaning feed not adapted to intake of the piglets May not increase Absent Next to each other Hoofdstuk

15 How do we meet the challenges? Focus: prevention!! Reduction of stress Sanitary management all-in/all-out, vaccinations Working with guidelines to optimise the quality of all piglets

16 Guidelines to improve quality of all piglets : Checklist 24hs Weight + 80 à 100 gr 7 days 1,8-2x initial body weight 21 days 5,5 6 kg 28 days 7,5 8 kg Growth min. 220 g/day

17 The importance of colostrum intake Devillers (2004) Special attention to small piglets!!

18 Guidelines to improve quality of all piglets : Checklist 24hs Weight + 80 à 100 gr 7 days 1,8-2x initial body weight 21 days 5,5 6 kg 28 days 7,5 8 kg Growth min. 220 g/day

19 How do we meet the challenges? Focus: prevention!! Reduction of stress Sanitary management all-in, all-out, vacinations Working with guidelines to optimise the quality of all piglets Focus on intake before and after weaning

20 Hoofdstuk PERFORMANCE = INTAKE x FEED COMPOSITION

21 Hoofdstuk INTESTINAL HEALTH = INTAKE x FEED COMPOSITION

22 FEED INTAKE BEFORE WEANING Weaning 21 days Weaning 28 days Days Minimum Optimum Days Minimum Optimum Farrowing House FEED INTAKE AFTER WEANING Weaning 21 days Weaning 28 days Days Minimum Optimum Days Minimum Optimum First days First week WATER INTAKE 8 10 % of body weight daily intake, from weaning until 25 kg

23 Hoofdstuk Intake before weaning : Why is intake before weaning so important?

24 5 reasons to feed piglets under the sow : 1. Survival day 2-7 liquid, milk-like products Energy, lactose 2. Extra growth day 5- weaning Focus in intake Energy and protein 3. Learn to digest day 14 - weaning Soya, cereals, 4. Learn to eat day 10 weaning Trough, nipple,. Structure of feed after weaning 5. Learn to drink day 10- weaning Enzyme productie Age in weeks Hoofdstuk

25 neofobia alimentar (% leitões) Relation between intake before and after weaning primeiro consumo após desmame (horas) Bruininx et. al (2001)

26 Feed intake after weaning: individual feed intake of group housed piglets : Average feed intake (g/p) Day post weaning Average

27 Importance of feed intake after weaning : Feed consumption vs performance y = x R 2 = A D G day 0-34, g/d The performance the first week after weaning is responsible for 40% of the results in nursery!! A D F I d a y 0-8, g /d Bruinix, (2002)

28 Hoofdstuk Intake before weaning : How can we reach the right intake?

29 The transition from milk to solid feed is a process which can be stimulated/supported Management Characteristics of the ratio

30 Weaning proces B. Puppe and A. Tuchscherer (2000)

31 Test Farm : Experimental farm : 100 farrowing pens to run tests Intake : composition, feeding strategies, Management : feeders, placement of the feeders,

32 Consumo (gr/leitão) Management in the farrowing house : Milk of milk-lik products from day 2 till day 10 after birth : 600 control controle milk leite Fonte: De Heus TJ-P-144 & TJ-P-146 Feed intake : % weaning weight : 0.5 kg

33 DM intake Management in farrowing house : Supply of milk or milk-like by products : 3-12 days after birth milk creep feed performance, control vs milk replacer Fonte: De Heus TJ-P-144 & TJ-P-146

34 Management in farrowing house : 1 rectangular vs 1 round feeder rectangular round Fonte: De Heus TJ-P-133 Feed intake : %

35 Consumo (gr/leitão) Management in farrowing house : Placement of the feeder frente atrás Feed intake : + 26% Fonte: De Heus TJ-P-133

36 g/piglet Management in farrowing house : Water supply Extra water supply next to creep feed 42% higher feed intake Source: Enckevort, 2001

37 Consumo (gr/leitão) Management in farrowing pen : Prevention of diarrhea leitões sadios leitões com diarréia Consumo de ração Danos na mucosa Fonte: De Heus TJ-P-143

38 Characteritics of the feed : Palatability (Roura, 2006), Solà-Oriol et al. (vários artigos) - A piglet has a preference for sweet-acid - Pigs : taste buttons (humans: 6.974) Influencing factors of palatability of the feed : Raw materials Freshness and quality of raw materials Inclusion rate of raw materials (%) Processing

39 Raw materials : cereals Preference (%) relative to barley 160 Inclusion (52%) % 44% 48% farelo de trigo milho extrusado farelo de arroz % 11% farelo de trigo cevada extrusada % aveia extrusada Fonte: De Heus TJ-P-150 & TJ-P-151

40 Raw materials : oils and fats Preference (%) relative to refined oil Inclusion rate (7%) 100 azeite de dendê 95-2% -5% -3% -4% gordura animal óleo de soja ref + óleo de coco % -12% -17% óleo de coco óleo de amêndoa de palma gordura de porco Nobacithina (lecitina min. 50%) óleo de soja bruto 75-23% óleo de girassol 70-26% Fonte: De Heus TJ-P-149, TJ-P-152 & TJ-P-153

41 Charateristics of the feed : intake/piglet Inclusion of plasma (3%) Difference in farrowing house: +17% Stimulate 2 Stimulate 2 IGP Source : De Heus TJ-P-131

42 consumo (gr/leitão) Processing : Pellet vs meal : Fonte: De Heus TJ-P-133

43 Hoofdstuk Intake after weaning : Attention points

44 FEED INTAKE AFTER WEANING Weaning 21 days Weaning 28 days Days Minimum Optimum Days Minimum Optimum First days First week WATER INTAKE 8 10 % of body weight daily intake, from weaning until 25 kg IMPORTANT : WITHOUT DIARRHEA and WITHOUT MEDICINES!!

45 Intake too low : 1) Feeding management Number of feeding places Choice of feeder Hoofdstuk

46 Intake too low : 1) Feeding management 2) Processing : meal vs pellet Hoofdstuk

47 consumo (gr/leitão) Processing Pellet vs meal +23% Source : De Heus TJ-P-133

48 Intake too low : 1) Feeding management 2) Processing : meal vs pellet 3) Choice of feed Hoofdstuk

49 Charateristics of the feed : b a Inclusion of plasma (3%) Difference in farrowing house: +6% Intake after weaning :(2 days): +28% Source : De Heus TJ-P-131

50 Intake too low : 1) Feeding management 2) Processing : meal vs pellet 3) Choice of feed 4) Extra water supply : 2x/day 150 ml of water in a trough (300 ml/piglet/day) Hoofdstuk

51 Intake too high : 1) Feed adaptations - Barley - Acids 2) Feeding management - Feed restriction Hoofdstuk

52 Final conclusions : If we want to use less antibiotics : Feed, feeding management and management in general become more important Stress factors have to be reduced as much as possible Measurement and stearing the feed intake before and after weaning are very important tools to improve the results of our piglets and to reduce the use of antibiotics.

53 Obrigado por sua atenção