What is PlaqueOff (PO)? A new study in Beagle dogs. Oral effects of

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1 Oral effects of What is? PO is a dry food supplement. Sprinkle it onto your pet s food daily. PO is an algae that has been harvested in the Atlantic ocean in northern Norway and contains nothing else such as added sugars or preservatives. PO can significantly reduce bacterial plaque, tartar build up and malodor. A new study in Beagle dogs. We asked a professional research team in the USA to perform a study on dogs. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of PO on dental plaque, bleeding, oral malodor, saliva ph, urine ph and blood composition. A control group consisted of 15 dogs with dental plaques when the study began. They received a standard dry diet. Another 15 dogs also with plaques received the same diet plus PO. The dose of PO was based on their body weight. No professional cleaning was undertaken. Experienced examiners used well known criteria when they recorded dental plaque. The amount of dental plaque and gingival bleeding was visually measured with colorimetric methods (Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index for plaque (13) and Lobene modified gingival index (14) for gum bleeding). Malodor was measured by means of an instrument the Halimeter. The recordings were made at day and day 88 with the changes in the test perameters at day 1 and day 88. In addition the blood content of 39 factors and the ph of both the saliva and the urine were measured at day and day 56. A parallel study investigated the effects on plaque, malodor in another dogs. These dogs had a professional removal of plaque when the study began. The control dogs showed a significant increase of halitosis, plaque scores and urinary ph, but not the PO-supplemented dogs. The salivary ph values decreased in both groups. The effect on ph in saliva and urine was probably caused by the standard food. No significant differences in serum and blood parameters were observed between control and treated groups. These results suggest that the use of a PO-containing food supplement can control: halitosis plaque urinary ph.

2 Effect on plaque Table 1. Increase in plaque scores from day to day 88 Day 7,57 1,7 6,6 2,2 Day 88 8,4 2,22 8,7 1,34 Increase,65 2,1 The increase in plaque was signifi cant in the control group (z= 3,13 p<,1) but not in the group that received PO (Z = 1,25 n.s). Similar results were recorded in the parallel study Increase of mean plaque scores in beagle mouths over 88 days 2,5 2 1,5 1,5 PO n = 15 CTR n = 15 Effect on oral malodor Table 2. Increase of malodor scores from day to day 88 Day 238 9, ,8 Day , ,3 Increase The increase of malodor was signifi cant in the control group (z= 2,57 p<,1) but not in the group that received PO (Z=,42 n.s). Similar results were recorded in the parallel study. Increase of mean oral malodor over 88 days in beagle dogs PO 218 CTR

3 Effect on saliva ph Table 3. Change of saliva ph from day to day 56 Day 8,51,42 8,55,41 Day 56 8,35,77 8,3,96 ph reduction,16,25 The salivary ph decreased signifi cantly in the PO group (z= 7,27 p<,1) and the control group (z= 9,61 p<,1) indicating that diet rather than PO caused the ph drop. Reduction of saliva ph over 56 days 8,6 8,55 Effect on urinary ph Table 4. Change of urinary ph from day to day 56 8,5 8,45 8,4 8,35 8,3 8,25 8,2 8,15 PO CTR PO CTR Day Day 56 Day 8,39,182 8,3,149 Day 88 8,48,78 8,46,12 ph increase,9,43 The urinary ph increased significantly in the control group (z= 8,16 p<,1) but not in the PO group (z=1,76 ns) indicating that the diet but not PO caused an increase of ph. The lack of increase in the PO group suggests that PO prevents an increases of the urinary ph that a diet might cause. High ph environment increase the risk for struvite stones. Increase of urinary ph over 56 days in beagle dogs,5,4,3,2,1 PO CTR

4 Oral effects of Effect on gum bleeding Table Increase of gum bleeding scores from day to day 88 Mean SD Mean SD Day 1,1,16,9,4 Day 88 1,13,32 1,2,43 Increase,12 The increase of gum bleeding was significant in the control group (z= 1,99 p<,5) but not in the group that received PO (Z= 1,65 n.s). Similar results were recorded in a parallel study.,3 Increase of mean gum scores in beagle mouths over 88 days,35,3,25,2,15,1,5 PO n = 15 CTR n = 15

5 Effect on serum chemistry Blood was sampled at day and day 56 and then 39 parameters were analyzed in all groups. All the results were within the normal range of the parameter. No signifi cant difference was observed between groups with and without PlaqueOff. Blood chemistry in beagle dogs before and after eating PlaqueOff for 56 days Mean values Mean values Thus supplementing the diet with PlaqueOff does not change blood chemistry more than a diet without PlaqueOff. Thus PlaqueOff is not harmful in any way. Ktr 1 PO 1 Ktr 2 PO2 Day 1 Day 56 Day 1 Day 56 Day 1 Day 56 Day 1 Day 56 Alkaline Phosphatase (U/l) Alkaline Phosphatase (U/l) BUN/Creatinin Ratio BUN/Creatinin Ratio Platelets 1^3/mm Platelets 1^3/mm Absolute eos Absolute eos ALT (U/l) ALT (U/l) Urea Nitrogen (mg/dl) Urea Nitrogen (mg/dl) Absolute Polysacc Absolute Polysacc AST (U/l) AST (U/l) Phosphorus (mg/dl) 3,4 3,8 3,8 3,8 Phosphorus (mg/dl) 3,5 3,7 3,2 3,5 Changed 5-1 % Changed 5-1 % Absolute Lymphs Absolute Lymphs Cholesterol (mg/dl) Cholesterol (mg/dl) WBC 1^3/mm3 9,6 8,7 8,2 7,7 WBC 1^3/mm3 8,6 8,9 9,2 9,8 Glucose (mg/dl) Glucose (mg/dl) Magnesium (meq/l) 1,6 1,7 1,6 1,6 Magnesium (meq/l) 1,6 1,6 1,5 1,7 RBC 1^6/mm3 7,27 7,17 7,24 7,2 RBC 1^6/mm3 7,57 7,46 7,59 7,19 Changed less than 5 % Changed less than 5 % Creatinin (mg/dl),7,7,7,7 Creatinin (mg/dl),8,7,8,7 Total Protein (g/dl) 6,7 6,5 6,6 6,4 Total Protein (g/dl) 6,7 6,6 6,4 6,4 Albumin (g/dl) 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 Albumin (g/dl) 3,2 3,2 3 3 Total Bilirubin (mg/dl),2,2,2,2 Total Bilirubin (mg/dl),2,2,2,2 Calcium (mg/dl) 9,9 1 9,9 1 Calcium (mg/dl) 9,8 9,9 9,4 9,7 Sodium (meq/l) Sodium (meq/l) Potassium (meq/l) 4,4 4,5 4,5 4,6 Potassium (meq/l) 4,5 4,4 4,4 4,5 Chloride (meq/l) Chloride (meq/l) A/G Ratio,9,9,9,9 A/G Ratio,9,9,9,9 Globuline (g/dl) 3,6 3,5 3,4 3,3 Globuline (g/dl) 3,6 3,5 3,4 3,4 Hemoglobin (g/dl) 16,2 16,2 16,3 16,5 Hemoglobin (g/dl) 17,1 16, ,3 Hematocrit % 53 53,5 53,4 54,7 Hematocrit % 55,4 54,5 54,5 51,9 MCV um^ MCV um^ MCH (uug) 22,3 22,6 22,6 22,9 MCH (uug) 22,7 22,5 22,5 22,7 The clinical study was conducted by a research team of Summit Ridge Farms (Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, USA). SDC Swedencare AB Björkstigen 9 SE Kiruna Contactperson. Sune Wikner sune.wikner@bredband.net mobile phone: