Tiny structures that carry out cellular functions (cell parts) Ex: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

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2 ALL living things are Building from smallest to LARGEST: Organelles- Cells- Tiny structures that carry out cellular functions (cell parts) Ex: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes The basic unit of structure and function in living things (basic unit of life) Ex: red blood cell, bone cell, nerve cell Tissue- A group of cells working together to carry out the SAME function Ex: Blood, muscles, bones,

3 Organ- A group of tissues working together to carry out the SAME function Ex: stomach, liver, heart, lungs Organ System: A group of organs working together to carry out the SAME function Ex: Respiratory System, Digestive System Circulatory System, Nervous System Organism- A living thing ORGANISM ORGAN SYSTEM ORGAN TISSUE CELLS ORGANELLE

4 The study Of how Organisms use food

5 They NEED food

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7 How do cells obtain food? Autotrophic Nutrition 2 Ways and Heterotrophic Nutrition Autotrophic Nutrition- make own food ( By Process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS) Ex: Plants Heterotrophic Nutrition- obtain food From an outside source ( by process of INGESTION) Ex: Humans

8 The process by which an organism obtains changes and changes them into a form it can use

9 How do organisms, such as humans, their cells? Ingestion- the process of taking food in Digestion- the process in which an organism breaks food down into a form that can be used by cells

10 Mechanical Digestion- The physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces. Accomplished by teeth and stomach Chemical Digestion-The chemical breakdown of large food molecules into smaller molecules cells can use.

11 What happens is digested? food Excretion- The process In which metabolic (cellular) Wastes are removed Excess salts, water, urine, CO2 Egestion- The process in Which undigested materials Are removed or eliminated Solid waste (NOT EXCRETION)

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13 Which of these nutrients are organic and MUST be digested before they can be absorbed and used? *****Remember Contain BOTH Organic Compounds

14 Which of these nutrients are inorganic and can be absorbed without being digested? Measure of the amount of energy contained in food

15 Main source of energy/fuel (glucose into blood for immediate use by muscles) (Excess glucose converted to glycogen by liver for stored energy) 1 gram= 4 calories

16 Sugars: Fructose (fruits), sucrose (table sugar) Candy, Soda, juice, jelly Starches: Vegetables, pasta, bread, noodles, rice, & cereals Roughage (Fiber): The part of plants that cannot be broken down by our digestive system (cellulose-plant cell walls) If roughage can t be digested, why do we it in out diets?????? Keeps things moving!

17 Since digestive muscles MUST work harder, food keeps moving through Helps fight some digestive diseases Is NOT digested, it is EGESTED! A condition that occurs When food moves too SLOWLY through the digestive system. (Diarrhea is the opposite Food moves too QUICKLY and water is NOT reabsorbed.)

18 Sugars: Use Benedict s Solution (indicator) food turns from Blue Red-Orange Starches: Use Lugol s Iodine Solution (indicator) food turns Purple or Blue-Black Provides the amino acids the body needs to synthesize own proteins Ex: Muscles, skin, body organs, cell membranes, Enzymes, hormones, antibodies

19 Meats, poultry, fish, cheeses, nuts, beans, eggs Humans only make 13 out of the 21 Essential Amino acids the body needs. The other 8 Essential MUST come from

20 Use Biuret Solution (indicator) Protein turns solution Purple Storage-energy reserves Insulation stored under skin and around organs Used in the plasma/cell membrane

21 Margarine, butter, bacon, ice cream, salad dressings, Candy, oils Bad Fat. Heavy, Raises cholesterol. Associated with Cardiovascular Disease. Good fat. Lighter and better

22 Produces a clear, translucent spot when rubbed on paper. Transport all nutrients and waste products in and out of cells for all digestive, absorption, circulatory, and excretory functions The maintenance of proper body temperature

23 Drinking water, other beverages, & most foods Steam is given off when heated Needed for normal metabolismgrowth and repair Help our bodies use the energy from foods- (Work as coenzymes) (Each vitamin has a specific job- so one vitamin Cannot replace another)

24 Variety of foods: vegetables, Meats, fruits, eggs, milk Ex: A, B1, B6, B12, C, & D Deficiency causing diseases: Night blindness, scurvy, and rickets

25 Building body tissue Involved in nerve & muscle action Meats, milk, cheese, vegetables, Fruits, yogurt Heart attack, broken bones, Poor muscle and nerve coordination

26 Makes up bones and teeth. Needed for normal muscle activity & blood clotting. (Sources: milk, cheese) Allows oxygen to bind and be transported (Found in blood hemoglobin) (liver, red meat, eggs, Green leafy vegetables) Aids in maintaining normal metabolism and Helps thyroid gland function (Sources: seafood, iodized table salt)

27 Needed for proper functioning of cells (Sources: Table Salt) Needed for functioning of heart muscle, Nervous system, and kidneys (Sources: all vegetables,oranges, bananas) water protein fat carbohy drate The body is about: 60% water 20% Protein 20% Fat 2% Carbohydrate 0 body

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32 What do you need carbs for? What do you need Lipids for? What do you need proteins for?