Acknowledgments Figure Credits List of Clinical Blue Boxes Introduction to Clinically Oriented Anatomy Approaches to Studying Anatomy p.

Transcription

1 Preface p. ix Acknowledgments p. xi Figure Credits p. xv List of Clinical Blue Boxes p. xix Introduction to Clinically Oriented Anatomy Approaches to Studying Anatomy p. 2 Regional Anatomy p. 2 Systemic Anatomy p. 3 Clinical Anatomy p. 3 Anatomicomedical Terminology p. 4 Anatomical Position p. 4 Anatomical Planes p. 4 Terms of Relationship and Comparison p. 6 Terms of Laterality p. 6 Terms of Movement p. 6 Structure of Terms p. 10 Abbreviations of Terms p. 10 Anatomical Variations p. 12 Skin and Fascia p. 12 Skeletal System p. 14 Bones p. 15 Joints p. 21 Muscular System p. 26 Skeletal Muscle p. 26 Cardiac Muscle p. 32 Smooth Muscle p. 32 Cardiovascular System p. 32 Arteries p. 32 Veins p. 35 Capillaries p. 36 Lymphatic System p. 36 Nervous System p. 38 Central Nervous System p. 38 Peripheral Nervous System p. 41 Somatic Nervous System p. 45 Autonomic Nervous System p. 45 Medical Imaging Techniques p. 52 Radiography p. 52 Computed Tomography p. 55 Ultrasonography p. 56 Magnetic Resonance Imaging p. 57

2 Nuclear Medicine Imaging p. 58 Thorax Thoracic Wall p. 62 Fascia of the Thoracic Wall p. 62 Skeleton of the Thoracic Wall p. 62 Joints of the Thoracic Wall p. 68 Movements of the Thoracic Wall p. 72 Breasts p. 72 Thoracic Apertures p. 79 Muscles of the Thoracic Wall p. 80 Nerves of the Thoracic Wall p. 85 Vasculature of the Thoracic Wall p. 88 Surface Anatomy of the Thoracic Wall p. 91 Thoracic Cavity and Viscera p. 94 Pleurae and Lungs p. 94 Surface Anatomy of the Pleurae and Lungs p. 113 Mediastinum p. 114 Surface Anatomy of the Heart p. 141 Medical Imaging of the Thorax p. 158 Radiography p. 158 Echocardiography p. 162 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging p. 162 Case Studies p. 164 Discussion of Cases p. 168 Abdomen Abdominal Cavity p. 175 Anterolateral Abdominal Wall p. 178 Fascia of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall p. 178 Muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall p. 180 Nerves of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall p. 186 Vessels of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall p. 188 Internal Surface of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall p. 191 Inguinal Region p. 193 Surface Anatomy of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall p. 207 Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity p. 209 Embryology of the Peritoneal Cavity p. 210 Descriptive Terms for Parts of the Peritoneum p. 212 Subdivisions of the Peritoneal Cavity p. 217 Abdominal Viscera p. 218 Esophagus p. 221 Stomach p. 226

3 Surface Anatomy of the Stomach p. 232 Small Intestine p. 237 Large Intestine p. 249 Spleen p. 256 Pancreas p. 257 Surface Anatomy of the Spleen and Pancreas p. 262 Liver p. 263 Surface Anatomy of the Liver p. 272 Biliary Ducts and Gallbladder p. 272 Portal Vein and Portal-Systemic Anastomoses p. 277 Kidneys, Ureters, and Suprarenal Glands p. 279 Surface Anatomy of the Kidneys and Ureters p. 281 Thoracic Diaphragm p. 289 Vessels and Nerves of the Diaphragm p. 292 Diaphragmatic Apertures p. 294 Actions of the Diaphragm p. 295 Posterior Abdominal Wall p. 297 Fascia of the Posterior Abdominal Wall p. 297 Muscles of the Posterior Abdominal Wall p. 299 Nerves of the Posterior Abdominal Wall p. 300 Arteries of the Posterior Abdominal Wall p. 302 Surface Anatomy of the Abdominal Aorta p. 304 Veins of the Posterior Abdominal Wall p. 306 Lymphatics of the Posterior Abdominal Wall p. 307 Medical Imaging of the Abdomen p. 308 Case Studies p. 320 Discussion of Cases p. 325 Pelvis and Perineum Pelvis p. 332 Bony Pelvis p. 333 Orientation of the Pelvis p. 337 Pelvic Joints and Ligaments p. 339 Pelvic Walls and Floor p. 341 Pelvic Nerves p. 347 Pelvic Arteries p. 350 Pelvic Veins p. 355 Pelvic Cavity and Viscera p. 357 Urinary Organs p. 357 Male Internal Genital Organs p. 367 Female Internal Genital Organs p. 371 Pelvic Fascia p. 378

4 Perineum p. 389 Perineal Fascia p. 393 Superficial Perineal Pouch p. 394 Deep Perineal Pouch p. 394 Pelvic Diaphragm p. 395 Male Perineum p. 403 Female Perineum p. 411 Medical Imaging of the Pelvis and Perineum p. 418 Radiography p. 418 Ultrasonography p. 419 Computed Tomography p. 420 Magnetic Resonance Imaging p. 421 Case Studies p. 424 Discussion of Cases p. 427 Back Vertebral Column p. 432 Curvatures of the Vertebral Column p. 434 Structure and Function of Vertebrae p. 435 Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae p. 437 Ossification of Vertebrae p. 448 Joints of the Vertebral Column p. 450 Surface Anatomy of the Vertebral Column p. 463 Vasculature of the Vertebral Column p. 467 Muscles of the Back p. 467 Superficial or Extrinsic Back Muscles p. 467 Deep or Intrinsic Back Muscles p. 467 Surface Anatomy of the Back p. 474 Suboccipital and Deep Neck Muscles p. 475 Spinal Cord and Meninges p. 477 Structure of Spinal Nerves p. 477 Spinal Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid p. 479 Vasculature of the Spinal Cord p. 486 Medical Imaging of the Back p. 489 Radiography p. 489 Myelography p. 491 Computed Tomography p. 491 Magnetic Resonance Imaging p. 492 Case Studies p. 495 Discussion of Cases p. 499 Lower Limb Bones of the Lower Limb p. 504

5 Arrangement of Lower Limb Bones p. 504 Hip Bone p. 506 Femur p. 509 Tibia and Fibula p. 512 Bones of the Foot p. 515 Surface Anatomy of the Lower Limb Bones p. 517 Fascia, Vessels, and Nerves of the Lower Limb p. 522 Venous Drainage of the Lower Limb p. 524 Lymphatic Drainage of the Lower Limb p. 527 Cutaneous Innervation of the Lower Limb p. 529 Organization of Thigh Muscles p. 531 Anterior Thigh Muscles p. 531 Medial Thigh Muscles p. 537 Gluteal Region p. 549 Gluteal Ligaments p. 550 Gluteal Muscles p. 550 Gluteal Nerves p. 556 Gluteal Arteries p. 560 Gluteal Veins p. 562 Posterior Thigh Muscles p. 564 Semitendinosus p. 565 Semimembranosus p. 565 Biceps Femoris p. 565 Surface Anatomy of the Gluteal Region and Thigh p. 565 Popliteal Fossa p. 571 Fascia of the Popliteal Fossa p. 571 Blood Vessels in the Popliteal Fossa p. 571 Nerves in the Popliteal Fossa p. 572 Lymph Nodes in the Popliteal Fossa p. 575 Leg p. 575 Anterior Compartment of the Leg p. 579 Lateral Compartment of the Leg p. 584 Posterior Compartment of the Leg p. 586 Surface Anatomy of the Leg p. 592 Foot p. 593 Skin of the Foot p. 594 Deep Fascia of the Foot p. 594 Muscles of the Foot p. 596 Nerves of the Foot p. 601 Arteries of the Foot p. 603 Venous Drainage of the Foot p. 604

6 Lymphatic Drainage of the Foot p. 604 Joints of the Lower Limb p. 607 Hip Joint p. 607 Knee Joint p. 617 Tibiofibular Joints p. 630 Ankle Joint p. 632 Foot Joints p. 637 Arches of the Foot p. 637 Surface Anatomy of the Ankle and Foot p. 643 Posture and Gait p. 645 Medical Imaging of the Lower Limb p. 646 Radiography p. 646 Arteriography p. 650 Computed Tomography p. 650 Magnetic Resonance Imaging p. 650 Case Studies p. 654 Discussion of Case Studies p. 658 Upper Limb Bones of the Upper Limb p. 665 Clavicle p. 665 Scapula p. 668 Humerus p. 669 Ulna p. 671 Radius p. 672 Bones of the hand p. 672 Surface Anatomy of the Upper Limb Bones p. 676 Superficial Structures of the Upper Limb p. 679 Fascia of the Upper Limb p. 679 Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb p. 682 Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb p. 684 Lymphatic Drainage of the Upper Limb p. 684 Anterior Thoracoappendicular Muscles of the Upper Limb p. 685 Posterior Thoracoappendicular and Scapulohumeral Muscles p. 691 Superficial Posterior Thoracoappendicular (Extrinsic Shoulder) Muscles p. 692 Deep Thoracoappendicular (Extrinsic Shoulder) Muscles p. 694 Scapulohumeral (Intrinsic Shoulder) Muscles p. 695 Axilla p. 699 Axillary Artery p. 699 Axillary Vein p. 705 Axillary Lymph Nodes p. 706 Brachial Plexus p. 708

7 Surface Anatomy of the Pectoral Region and Back p. 717 Arm p. 720 Muscles of the Arm p. 720 Brachial Artery p. 725 Veins of the Arm p. 729 Nerves of the Arm p. 730 Cubital Fossa p. 731 Surface Anatomy of the Arm and Cubital Fossa p. 732 Forearm p. 734 Compartments of the Forearm p. 734 Muscles of the Forearm p. 734 Arteries of the Forearm p. 751 Veins of the Forearm p. 756 Nerves of the Forearm p. 756 Surface Anatomy of the Forearm p. 762 Hand p. 763 Fascia of the Palm p. 764 Muscles of the Hand p. 766 Flexor Tendons of Extrinsic Hand Muscles p. 771 Arteries of the Hand p. 773 Veins of the Hand p. 774 Nerves of the Hand p. 774 Surface Anatomy of the Hand p. 779 Joints of the Upper Limb p. 781 Sternoclavicular Joint p. 781 Acromioclavicular Joint p. 784 Glenohumeral (Shoulder) Joint p. 788 Elbow Joint p. 795 Proximal Radioulnar Joint p. 800 Distal Radioulnar Joint p. 803 Wrist Joint p. 803 Intercarpal Joints p. 807 Carpometacarpal and Intermetacarpal Joints p. 809 Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints p. 809 Medical Imaging of the Upper Limb p. 810 Radiography p. 810 Ultrasonography p. 815 Arteriography p. 815 Computed Tomography p. 816 Magnetic Resonance Imaging p. 816 Case Studies p. 819

8 Discussion of Cases p. 824 Head Skull p. 832 Anterior Aspect of the Skull p. 834 Lateral Aspect of the Skull p. 838 Posterior Aspect of the Skull p. 839 Superior Aspect of the Skull p. 839 External Aspect of the Cranial Base p. 839 Internal Aspect of the Cranial Base p. 842 Walls of the Cranial Cavity p. 847 Face p. 850 Muscles of the Face p. 850 Nerves of the Face p. 857 Vasculature of the Face p. 865 Parotid Gland p. 870 Scalp p. 872 Layers of the Scalp p. 872 Nerves of the Scalp p. 872 Vasculature of the Scalp p. 874 Cranial Meninges p. 875 Dura Mater p. 875 Pia-Arachnoid p. 885 Meningeal Spaces p. 886 Brain p. 887 Parts of the Brain p. 887 Ventricular System of the Brain p. 889 Blood Supply of the Brain p. 893 Venous Drainage of the Brain p. 898 Orbit p. 899 Eyelids and Lacrimal Apparatus p. 901 Orbital Contents p. 905 Muscles of the Orbit p. 909 Innervation of the Orbit p. 911 Vasculature of the Orbit p. 912 Surface Anatomy of the Eyeball, Eyelids, and Lacrimal Apparatus p. 915 Temporal Region p. 916 Temporal Fossa p. 916 Infratemporal Fossa p. 917 Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) p. 923 Oral Region p. 927 Oral Cavity p. 927

9 Lips, Cheeks, and Gingivae p. 927 Teeth p. 930 Palate p. 934 Tongue p. 940 Salivary Glands p. 948 Pterygopalatine Fossa p. 950 Contents of the Pterygopalatine Fossa p. 950 Nose p. 951 External Nose p. 953 Nasal Cavities p. 954 Paranasal Sinuses p. 957 Ear p. 962 External Ear p. 962 Middle Ear p. 967 Internal Ear p. 971 Medical Imaging of the Head p. 977 Radiography p. 977 Computed Tomography p. 981 Magnetic Resonance Imaging p. 981 Ultrasonography p. 981 Case Studies p. 984 Discussion of Cases p. 988 Neck Bones of the Neck p. 996 Cervical Vertebrae p. 996 Hyoid Bone p. 997 Fascia of the Neck p. 998 Superficial Cervical Fascia p. 998 Deep Cervical Fascia p. 998 Superficial and Lateral Muscles of the Neck p Platysma p Sternocleidomastoid p Trapezius p Triangles of the Neck p Posterior Cervical Triangle p Anterior Cervical Triangle p Surface Anatomy of the Triangles of the Neck p Deep Structures of the Neck p Prevertebral Muscles p Root of the Neck p Viscera of the Neck p. 1030

10 Endocrine Layer of the Cervical Viscera p Respiratory Layer of the Cervical Viscera p Alimentary Layer of the Cervical Viscera p Lymphatics in the Neck p Surface Anatomy of the Neck p Medical Imaging of the Neck p Radiography p Computed Tomography p Magnetic Resonance Imaging p Ultrasonography p Case Studies p Discussion of Cases p Summary of Cranial Nerves Overview of Cranial Nerves p Olfactory Nerve (CN I) p Optic Nerve (CN II) p Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) p Trochlear Nerve (CN IV) p Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) p Abducent Nerve (CN VI) p Facial Nerve (CN VII) p Branchial Motor p General Sensory p Taste (Special Sensory) p Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII) p Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) p Sensory (General Visceral) p Taste (Special Sensory) p Branchial Motor p Vagus Nerve (CN X) p Accessory Nerve (CN XI) p Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) p Index p Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.