Human Skeletal System Glossary

Transcription

1 Acromegaly Apatite Acromegaly - is a condition which involves excessive growth of the jaw, hands, and feet. It results from overproduction of somatotropin in adults (after fusion of the ossification centres in ). Apatite - is a mineral which is a form of calcium phosphate. It is found in the matrix of bone. Appendicular skeleton Articular cartilage Articulation Appendicular skeleton - consists of the of the upper and lower limbs. Articular cartilage - is a hyaline type cartilage located at the ends of where the contact each other at joints. Articulation - is another word for joint, which is where two meet. Atlas vertebra Axial skeleton Axis vertebra Atlas vertebra - is the topmost vertebra of the vertebral column. It forms the joint which connects the skull to the spine. Axial skeleton - is the central supporting framework of the body. Its major components are the vertebral column (spine), the thoracic (rib) cage, and the skull. Axis vertebra - is the vertebra second from the top of the vertebral column. Ball and socket joint Biaxial joint Cancellous bone tissue Carpal Ball and socket joint - is a joint which has one bone with a rounded head, a ball. The other bone has a corresponding cavity, the socket. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint. Biaxial joint - has two degrees of freedom, that is, motion can take place around two different axes. Cancellous bone tissue - is the spongy bone tissue found inside the bone. It consists of a network of bone strands called trabeculae. Carpal - eight of the wrist found between the forearm and metacarpals. Cervical Clavicle Cervical - are the top 7 in the vertebral column. Clavicle - is the collar bone, it connects the upper arm to the body. Coccyx Coccyx - a small triangular bone at the base of the human vertebral column. Cortex Cortex - is the hard outer layer of a long bone. Costal cartilage Cranium Costal cartilage - is the cartilage joining the first rib to the sternum. Cranium - is the part of the skull which encases the brain. Page 1 of 5

2 Diaphysis Diaphysis - is another name for the shaft of a long bone. Epiphyseal line Epiphysis Epiphyseal line - is the line between the diaphysis and the epiphysis of a long bone. It is still visible in the X-rays of young adults. Epiphysis - is the end of a long bone. FCT FCT - Fibrous Connective Tissue Femur Femur - is the leg bone located between the pelvis and the knee. Fibula Fibula - is the outer bone of the lower leg. Gigantism Hematopoiesis Gigantism - is excessive growth. Overproduction of the growth hormone somatotropin in a young person (before fusion of the ossification centres) results in gigantism. Haematopoiesis - is the production of blood cells. Hinge joint Hinge joint - is a joint which allows motion in one plane for example the knee joint. Humerus Humerus - is the bone of the upper arm between the shoulder and elbow. Ilium Ilium - is the uppermost and widest bone on each of the two halves of the pelvic girdle. Intervertebral discs Ischium Intervertebral discs - are the discs found between the. They function as shock absorbers and enable flexibility in the spinal column. Ischium - is the lowest of the in each half of the pelvic girdle. Joint Joint - where two or more meet. Joint capsule Joint capsule - is a dense fibrous connective tissue capsule that encloses the joint area. Ligaments Lumbar Mandible Ligaments - are very dense fibrous connective tissue structures that keep the together at joints. Lumbar - are 5 in the lower part of the vertebral column between the thoracic and sacral. Mandible - is the lower jaw bone. Matrix Matrix - is the substance surrounding cells or tissues. Page 2 of 5

3 Medullary cavity Metacarpal Metatarsal Multiaxial joint NAVL Medullary cavity - is the inner core of bone where the bone marrow is located. Metacarpal - are the of the hand located between the carpals and the phalanges. Metatarsal - are the of the foot located between the tarsals and the phalanges. Multiaxial joint - is a joint with three degrees of freedom, that is, motion can take place around the three axes in all three planes. NAVL - is nerves, arteries, veins and lymphatics. Ossification Ossification - is bone formation. Osteoblasts Osteoblasts - are bone cells involved in building up bone. Osteoclasts Osteoclasts - are bone cells involved in tearing down bone. Osteocytes Osteocytes - are bone cells. Osteogenic Osteogenic - is originating from bone forming tissue. Patella Patella - is the flat bone at front of knee joint - kneecap. Pectoral girdles Pectoral girdles Pelvic girdles Pectoral girdles - are the girdles attached to and supporting the upper limbs. Pectoral girdles - are the girdles attached to and supporting the upper limbs. Pelvic girdles - are the girdles by which the lower limbs are attached to the axial skeleton. Periosteum Periosteum - is a dense fibrous envelope surrounding the surface of. Phalanges Phalanges - are the of the fingers and toes. Piezoelectric effect Pubis Piezoelectric effect - is a local electric current which arises when crystals are compressed. Pubis is the bone at the top of the pelvic arch, at the lower part of the pelvis Radius Radius - is the bone of the forearm located at the lateral side of the ulna. Page 3 of 5

4 Rib Rib - is one of twelve which join the vertebral column to the sternum. Sacrum Sacrum - consists of the lower 5 of the, these are fused together by adulthood. Scapula Scapula - is the flat bone at the shoulder, also called the shoulder blade. Sesamoid Skeleton Sesamoid - are the small which develop in tendons, for example the Patella. Skeleton - is the framework of the body, made up of and joints. Skull Skull - is the of the head. Somatotropin Somatotropin - is the hormone responsible for bone growth. Sternum Sternum - is the bone in the chest to which ribs are attached. Sutures Sutures - is the line where two meet in immobile joints, for example in the cranium. Synchondrosis Synchondrosis - is a joint where the are held together by cartilage tissue. Syndesmosis Syndesmosis - is a joint where the are held together by Fibrous Connective Tissue. Synosteosis Synosteosis - is a joint where the are fused together by bony tissue. Synovial joint Synovial membrane, fluid, cavity Tarsal Thoracic Tibia Synovial joint (articulation) - is a joint which is structured to facilitate freedom of motion in one or more of the three planes around the three axes of any given articulation between. Synovial membrane, fluid, cavity - relate to the joint capsule of a synovial joint. The synovial joint is surrounded by a fibrous capsule which is lined with a synovial membrane. The synovial membrane secretes a synovial fluid into the synovial cavity, or joint space. The synovial fluid is a very good lubricant. Thus, it minimizes the frictional forces between the moving. Tarsal - are the of the foot located between the metatarsals and the of the leg. Thoracic - are 12 located in the middle of the vertebral column between the cervical and lumbar. Tibia - is a bone of the lower leg, it is located on the inner side of the fibula. Trabeculae Trabeculae - are the thin strands of bone found in a lattice like network in spongy (cancellous) bone. Page 4 of 5

5 Ulna Ulna - is the bone of the forearm, located on the inner side of the radius. Uniaxial joint Visceral skull Uniaxial joint - is a joint which has one degree of freedom, that is, motion can take place in a single plane around one axis only. For example a hinge joint. Visceral skull - of the face. Page 5 of 5