The Scientific Method
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- Egbert Reeves
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1 The Scientific Method in Experimental Design Earth Science scsd
2 Sometimes scientists just like to explore
3 Scientific Exploration starts with CURIOSITY!!! In fact, it is the most important quality that a scientist can have...well, that and P²... Patience and Perserverance
4 What makes a Question Testable? Only when: it is answered by designing & conducting an experiment it is about changing one thing to see the effect on another thing.
5 Sample Testable Question Does changing the height of the ramp affect the spped of a car going down the ramp?
6 Testable Question Formats Does changing affect? How does changing affect? If I change, will it affect? hmmm can I test this?
7 Testable Questions have two parts: An independent variable A dependent variable
8 What is an Independent Variable? The variable that will be changed by you the scientist. A good experiment only has one i.v.!
9 What is a Dependent Variable? The variable that is being measured in your experiment The response to the change you make using the independent variable.
10 Testable Question Formats Does changing variable affect? variable How does changing variable affect dependent dependent? variable If I change variable will it affect dependent? variable independent independent independent
11 Example: Does changing the height of the ramp affect the speed of the car going down the ramp?
12 What is the Independent Variable? Does changing the height of the ramp affect the speed of the car going down the ramp?
13 Independent Variable Does changing the height of the ramp affect the speed of the car going down the ramp?
14 What is the Dependent Variable? Does changing the height of the ramp affect the speed of the car going down the ramp?
15 Dependent Variable Does changing the height of the ramp affect the speed of the car going down the ramp?
16 Another Testable Question Does changing the amount of light affect the growth rate of plants? Identify the INDEPENDENT Variable Identify the DEPENDENT Variable
17 Another Testable Question Does the temperature of water affect the time it takes a sugar cube to dissolve? Identify the INDEPENDENT variable Identify the DEPENDENT variable
18 Review: Testable Questions Testable Questions need 2 parts: (1) variable (2) variable
19 Review: Testable Questions Testable Questions need 2 parts: (1) Independent variable (2) Dependent variable
20 Is this a Testable Question? What makes plants grow best?
21 How to Turn a General Question into a Testable Question Next, think of a cause and an effect related to your question. What makes plants grow best? In this case, the idea is that you can change something to affect something about how a plant grows.
22 What are examples of things you can change? What makes plants grow best? Examples: -Amount of water -Amount of light -Soil type
23 What specific effects can you look for? What makes plants grow best? Examples: -Height of plant -Speed of growth
24 Finally, plug the cause & effect into the format What is the effect of on? The cause goes in the first blank, & the effect goes in the second. So a testable question looks like this: What is the effect of soil type on plant height?
25 Constants/Controls Controls are all the factors in your experiment that you want to remain constant. What is the effect of soil type on plant height? Controls: type of plant amount of sunlight amount of water type of container
26 Here s another example... Is it Testable? How does a paper airplane fly?
27 Let s Make the Question Testable! Decide what you are going to change (independent variable)
28 Let s Make the Question Testable! Decide what you are going to change (independent variable For example: Size of the plane Style of the plane Type of paper
29 Let s Make the Question Testable! Decide what you are going to measure (dependent variable)
30 Let s Make the Question Testable! Decide what you are going to measure (dependent variable) For example: Distance the plane will fly Length of time the plane stays in the air
31 Make the Question Testable Now select one independent variable and one dependent variable Put them together to create the testable question: How does the type of paper affect the distance a paper airplane flies?
32 What are the controls? How does the type of paper affect the distance a paper airplane flies? Controls: Style of airplane Flying conditions (wind) How you throw the airplane
33 Created by Stacy Myers, St. Charles School District adapted from Sequoia Science Education
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