Testbank Chapter 1. An Introduction to the Human Body
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1 Testbank Chapter 1. An Introduction to the Human Body Multiple Choice 1. This is the study of the functions of body structures. a. Anatomy b. Physiology c. Dissection d. Histology e. Immunology Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: This is defined as a group of cells with similar structure and function. a. Tissue b. Organ c. Molecules d. Compounds e. Organism Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: Using your fingers to find your pulse on your wrist is an example of a. Auscultation b. Palpation c. Responsiveness d. Gross anatomy e. Physiologist Ans: B Feedback: 1.2
2 4. Percussion techniques can be used to determine a. Heart beats b. Pulse rate c. Amplify sounds d. Fluid in the lungs e. Enlarged organs Ans: D Feedback: This is the sum of all cellular processes that occur in the body. a. Metabolism b. Anabolism c. Catabolism d. Auscultation e. Palpation Ans: A Difficulty: hard Feedback: List the basic processes of life. Ans: The basic processes of life include metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation and reproduction. Feedback: This is the regulation of body conditions within normal limits. a. Palpation b. Percussion c. Homeostasis d. Autopsy e. Histology Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 1.4
3 8. The systems that provide homeostasis are: a. Cardiovascular and Integumentary b. Nervous system and Endocrine c. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems d. Respiratory and muscular systems e. Urinary and integumentary systems Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: This body fluid directly affects the proper functioning of cells. a. Lymph b. Blood c. Interstitial fluid d. Aqueous humor e. Vitreous body Ans: C Feedback: Name the differences between a positive and a negative feedback system. Ans: A positive feedback system will strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body s controlled conditions while a negative feedback system will reverse a change in a controlled condition. Feedback: This is the structure of a feedback system that receives output from the control center. a. Receptor b. Body fluids c. Brain d. Effector e. Afferent
4 Ans: D Feedback: This is the structure of a feedback system that provides input to the control center. a. Receptor b. Muscle c. Brain d. Effector e. Efferent Ans: A Feedback: A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be: a. Childbirth b. Body temperature c. Blood pressure d. Heart rate e. Blood sugar Ans: A Feedback: This is a change in body function that can be measured objectively. a. Symptom b. Disorder c. Disturbance d. Disease e. Sign Ans: E Feedback: 1.4
5 Essay 15. Describe the anatomical position. Ans: In the anatomical position the subject stands erect facing the observer with the head level and the eyes facing forward. The feet are flat on the floor and directed forward and the arms are at the sides with the palms turned forward. Multiple Choice 16. In which cavity is the brain located? a. Cranial cavity b. Vertebral cavity c. Abdominal cavity d. Pericardial cavity e. Pleural cavity Ans: A Difficulty: Easy 17. In which cavity are the lungs located? a. Cranial cavity b. Vertebral cavity c. Abdominal cavity d. Pericardial cavity e. Pleural cavity Ans: E Difficulty: Easy 18. In which cavity is the stomach located? a. Cranial cavity
6 b. Vertebral cavity c. Abdominal cavity d. Pericardial cavity e. Pleural cavity Ans: C Difficulty: Easy 19. This cavity is inferior to the abdominopelvic cavity. a. Vertebral canal b. Cranial cavity c. Abdominal cavity d. Pericardial cavity e. Pelvic cavity Ans: E 20. Which cavity would include the heart? a. Cranial cavity b. Vertebral cavity c. Abdominal cavity d. Pericardial cavity e. Pleural cavity Ans: D Difficulty: Easy 21. The function of the secretions of the serous membrane is to: a. Separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities b. Protect the central nervous system c. Prevent infection d. Reduce friction between organs e. Carry nervous impulses Ans: D Difficulty: Medium
7 22. This plane divides the body into right and left halves. a. Frontal b. Sagittal c. Transverse d. Oblique e. Coronal Ans: B 23. This plane divides the body into anterior and posterior halves. a. Frontal b. Sagittal c. Transverse d. Oblique e. Midsagittal Ans: A 24. A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into a. Anterior and posterior b. Left and right c. Superior and inferior d. At an angle e. Unequal left and right sides Ans: C 25. This directional term means farthest from the midline. a. Medial b. Anterior
8 c. Proximal d. Deep e. Lateral Ans: E 26. This directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure. a. Deep b. Contralateral c. Lateral d. Cephalic e. Distal Ans: E 27. This directional term is the opposite of deep. a. Superficial b. Superior c. Inferior d. Distal e. Proximal Ans: A Feedback: Choose the directional term that would make the sentence correct. The heart is to the liver. a. Inferior b. Anterior c. Contralateral d. Superior e. Superficial Ans: D
9 29. Choose the directional term that would make the sentence correct: The sternum is to the heart. a. Posterior b. Anterior c. Inferior d. Superior e. Lateral Ans: B 30. Which of the following organs is not found in the abdominal cavity? a. Stomach b. Spleen c. Liver d. Gallbladder e. Diaphragm Ans: E 31. This covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen. a. Pericardium b. Pleura c. Mediastinum d. Diaphragm e. Serous membrane Ans: E
10 32. Where on the diagram is the femoral area? a. D b. E c. F d. J e. K Ans: A 33.
11 Where on the diagram is the sacral area? a. C b. D c. E d. I e. J Ans: D 34.
12 Where on the diagram is the cervical area? a. C b. E c. J d. K e. A Ans: E 35.
13 Where on the diagram is the brachial area? a. C b. E c. I d. K e. D Ans: C 36.
14 Where on the diagram is the popliteal area? a. H b. I c. J d. D e. E Ans: C 37.
15 The liver is to the sternum. a. Lateral b. Medial c. Proximal d. Distal e. Superior Ans: A 38.
16 The stomach is to the bladder. a. Lateral b. Medial c. Distal d. Inferior e. Superior Ans: E 39.
17 The humerus is to the scapula. a. Proximal b. Distal c. Medial d. Superior e. Anterior Ans: B 40.
18 Which plane is parasagittal? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E Ans: B 41.
19 Which plane is frontal? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E Ans: E 42.
20 Which plane is transverse? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E Ans: C 43.
21 Which plane is oblique? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E Ans: D Essay 44. Name the cavities of the trunk and the serous membranes that line them.
22 Ans: The four cavities are the pericardial, pleural, abdominal and pelvic. The pericardial membrane is lined by the pericardium. The pleura lines the pleural cavity. The abdominal and pelvic cavities are lined by the peritoneum. 45. List the eleven systems of the human body. Ans: The eleven system of the human body include the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, digestive, urinary, respiratory, immune and lymphatic, cardiovascular, endocrine, and reproductive systems. Feedback: Name the structural levels of the body and describe each level. Ans: The chemical level consists of atoms and molecules which are formed from the atoms. The cell level consists of cells which are the smallests form of life. The tissue level consists of groups of cells that work to provide a single function. The organ level consists of organs, constructed of different types of tissue, that can provide several different specific functions. The systems consist of one to many organs that are interlinked in general functions. The organism is made up of all of the systems which work to provide homeostasis. Difficulty: Hard Feedback: List and briefly describe the six basic life processes. Ans: The six basic life processes include metabolism, which is the sum of all chemical processes in the body. Responsiveness is the body s ability to detect and respond to internal and external stimuli. Movement includes motion of an individual cell to the entire body. Growth means an increase in body size or an increase in the number of cells. Differentiation is the process from taking a cell from unspecialized to specialized. Reproduction refers to formation of new cells for growth and repair or production of a new individual. Difficulty: hard Feedback: 1.3
23 48. Describe a feedback system and list the components. Ans: A feedback loop is a cycle of events in which the status of the body condition is monitored, evaluated and changed to maintain homeostasis. A feedback system will include a receptor that detects the stimuli, a control central that receives the input from the receptor and generates an output and an effector that that produces a response. Feedback: 1.4
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