Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University. Systematic Anatomy. Nervous system Telencephalon. Dr.Hongqi Zhang ( 张红旗 )
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1 Systematic Anatomy Nervous system Telencephalon Dr.Hongqi Zhang ( 张红旗 ) zhanghq58@126.com 1
2 The Telencephalon
3 Gray matter Cortex Basilar nuclei White matter-medulla Lateral ventricles
4 General introduction of the telencephalon From the development of forebrain vesicle, Younger but with important function. Situated at the sup.extremity of the brain Formation of many sulci and gyri because of different growth speed of brain. Sulci and gyri increase the surface area of cortex
5 Frontal lobe Olfactory tract Optic n. Optic chiasma Temporal lobe Ponse Tonsile of cerebellum Pyramid Olive Cerebellum Spinal cord
6 Precentral gyrus Sup.frontal sulcus Central sulcus Inf.frontal sulcus postcentral gyrus Posstcentral sulcus Olfactory tract Insula Fornix Cerebellum
7 Cingulate gyrus Collosal sulcus Corpus collasum Cerebral aqueduct Parietoccipital sulcus Calcarine sulcus Transparent septum Optic n. Third ventricle Transverse Cerebral fissure Midbrain Fourth ventricle Pons Medulla Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department oblongata of Anatomy-Fudan University
8 Superior view Anterior view Lateral view inferior view Posterior view sagittal view
9 Frontal lobe Olfactory tract Optic n. Optic chiasma Temporal lobe Ponse Tonsile of cerebellum Pyramid Olive Cerebellum Spinal cord
10 General Appearance of Cerebrum right & left cerebral hemisphere, separated by cerebral longitudinal fissure(1)- cerebral falx In the depths of the fissure, the corpus callosum(2)connects the hemispheres across the midline 2 1 3
11 General Appearance of Cerebrum The cerebral transverse fissure(1) intervenes between the hemispheres and the cerebellum- cerebellar tentorium Each hemisphere has three surfaces: superolateral,medial and inferior one. 1 1 Cerebellar tentorium 1
12 Key points of the appearance of the telencephalon Three sulci Three surfaces Five lobes Three poles Two ventricles
13 1 Three sulci 3 Lateral view 2 1-Central sulcus 2-Lateral sulcus 3-Parietooccipital sulcus medial view
14 Five lobes of Cerebral Hemisphere Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Insular lobe Insular lobe
15 Three Surfaces of telencephalon 1- Dorsolateral surface 2- Medial surface 3- Inferior surface 1 2 3
16 Three poles of telencephalon 1-Frontal pole 2-Occipital pole 3-Temporal pole 1 4-Preoccipital notch 3 Boundary between temporal lobe and occipital lobe 4 2
17 Main sulci & gyri of dorsolateral surface 1-Central sulcus 2-Lateral sulcus Precentral sulcus 9 4-Postcentral sulcus 5-sup.frontal sulcus 6-Inf.frontal sulcus 6 7- Inf.temporal sulcus 2 8- Sup.temporal sulcus 8 9-Intraparietal sulcus 7
18 Main gyri of dorsolateral surface Sup.frontal g. Mid.frontal g. Inf.frontal g. Sup.temporal g. Mid.temporal g. Inf.temporal g. Precentral g. Sup.parietal lobule Inf. parietal lobule Supramarginal g. Angular g. Postcentral g. Trans.temporal g. g.-gyrus
19 Copy Right- Hongqi Brain ZHANG-Department lateral aspect of Anatomy-Fudan University
20 Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface Precentral gyrus Precentral sulcus Postcentral gyrus Superior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus Sup,mid & inf. frontal gyri Postcentral sulcus Intraparietal sulcus Superior parietal lobule Supramarginal gyrus Angular gyrus Superior temporal gyrus Middle temporal gyrus Inferior temporal gyrus Superior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal sulcus Central sulcus
21 Brain median sagittal plane
22 Medial surface of hemisphere
23 Sulci and Gyri of Medial Surface Callosal sulcus cingulate gyrus Cingulate sulcus Corpus callosum Paracentral lobule Marginal ramus Parietooccipital sulcus Cuneus Calcarine sulcus Lingual gyrus
24 Inferior surface of hemisphere
25 Brain and roots of cranial nerve(basilar aspect)
26 Limbic lobe and limbic system Cingulate.parahippocampal gyri,uncus & the hippocampal formation surrounding the upper brain stem,constitutes the limbic lobe. the limbic system is used to include the limbic lobe as well as associated subcortical structures including amygdaloid body, septal nuclei, mammillary body,ant. nucleus of thalamus,olfactory bulb.
27 The function of limbic system The limbic system is also known as visceral brain, its function is concerned with: Emotional expression and genesis together with visceral response to the emotions. Survival of individual and species. Cognitive processes involved in memory.
28 Functional Location of Cerebral Cortex Brodmann 52 areas
29 Some structures of temporal lobe Fornix Hippocampus Dentate gyrus Hippocampal formation Commissure of fornix
30 The internal structures of telencephalon Gray matter Cortex Basilar ganglion cortex medulla nuclear white matter-medulla Lateral ventricles
31 Key functional principal of the cerebral cortex Very important Somatic motor area Somatic sensory area Visual area Auditory area Motor speech area Writing area Auditory speech area Visual speech area Olfactory area Gustatory area sensory area Visceral activity area The rest area except the functional areas are called association area.
32 Precentral gyrus Somatic motor area location Precentral gyrus ant.part of the paracentral lobule (B4.6) Ant.part of the paracentral lobule
33 Motor cortex The main motor cortical area is located on the anterior wall of the central sulcus and the adjacent portion of the precentral gyrus. Brodmann Area 4 - rich in pyramidal neurons, which provide the anatomical substrates for the motor output function
34 Characters Representative area of the body is inverted,but head is upright Representative area of various part of body in cortex have relations with its function,rather than its size Left and right decussation: one somatic motor center innervate the movement of skeletal m.of contralateral limbs & both trunk skeleton mm.
35 First Somatic Motor Area
36 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan postcentral University gyrus Somatic sensory area Location Postcentral gyrus post.part of the paracentral lobule (B3.1.2) post.part of the paracentral lobule
37 Characteristics First Somatic Motor Area Representative area of the body is inverted,but it is upright Represented area of different part in cortex have relations with its function,rather than its size Left and right decussation: One somatic sensory area receive contralateral sensory impulse
38 Visual area Calcarine sulcus and adjacent portions of the cuneus and the lingual gyrus (B17) Visual cortex of one hemisphere receives impression from temporal part of retina of same side & nasal part of opposite side retina Lesions of visual cortex produce contralateral homonymous visual field defections Visual area
39 Auditory area Transverse temporal gyri (B41). Each auditory area receive auditory information from both ears. Auditory area
40 Language Area It is dominant in left hemisphere in right-handed person Motor speech area Located in post. portion of inferior frontal gyrus Damage: motor aphasia Writing area Located in post. portion of middle frontal gyrus Damage: agraphia Auditory speech area Located in post. portion of superior temporal gyrus Lesion: sensory aphasia Visual speech area Located in angular gyrus Lesion: alexia writing area Motor speech area visual speech area auditory speech area
41 Vestibular,olfactory and taste areas Vestibular area located in the front of superior temporal gyrus Olfactory area area near the uncus Taste area - area at frontal operculum Visceral area - limbic system
42 Basal ganglion (nuclei) 1- Lentiform nucleus 2- Caudate nucleus 3- Claustrum 4- Amygdaloid body 3 T T- dorsal thalamus
43 Basal Nuclei Corpus striatum Lentiform nucleus Caudate nucleus Claustrum Amygdaloid body Caudate nucleus Globus pallidus -paleostriatum Putamen Neostriatum Putamen Globus pallidus Claustrum lentiform nucleus thalamus Amygdaloid body Left view
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45 White matter of the cerebrum Association fiber within one side hemisphere Commissure fiber connect two hemisphere Projection fiber connect other brain & spinal cord, at different level. Association fiber The Copy three Right- fibers Hongqi of cerebral ZHANG-Department meduallary substance(coronary of Anatomy-Fudan of hemisphere) University
46 The association fibers of cerebral hemisphere Run between gyri within the same hemisphere Cerebral arcuate fibers Sup. longitudinal fasciculi Inf.longitudinal fasciculi Uncinate fasciculus
47 The commissural fiber Corpus callosum Anterior commissure Commissure of fornix Corpus callosum Commissure of fornix Anterior Commissure Copy Right- The commissural Hongqi ZHANG-Department fibers in cerebral of medullary Anatomy-Fudan substance University
48 White Matter- projection fiber Projection fibers Connect cortex with lower part of brain & spinal cord and they include both ascending & descending fibers Internal capsule Position: a thick lamina of white matter lying between caudate nucleus, thalamus and lentiform nucleus
49 Internal Capsule Head of Caudate nucleus Ant. Body of Caudate nucleus Internal capsule Lentiform nucleus Post. Tain of Caudate nucleus Dorsal thalamus
50 Internal Capsule Three parts Ant. limb of internal capsule Lies between caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus Containing frontopontine tract and anterior thalamic radiation Genu of internal capsule Is angle at which ant. and post limbs meet Containing corticonuclear tract Post.limb of internal capsule Lies between thalamus & lentiform nucleus Contain corticospinal tract, corticorubral tract, central thalamic radiation, parieto- occipito-temporo-pontine tract, acoustic radiation and optic radiation genu Post.limb Ant.limb
51 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department ofcerebrum Anatomy-Fudan University Longitudinal fissure of Head of caudate nucleus corpus callosum Lateral ventricle Ant.limb Lentiform nucleus Genu insula Post.limb claustrum thalamus Post.angle Of lat.ventricle Cerebral cortex medulla Horizontal section of the cerebrum
52 Longitudinal fissure of cerebrum Head of caudate nucleus Ant.limb of IC Lentiform nucleus Claustrum Post.limb of IC Medulla Corpus callosum Lateral ventricle Genu of IC Insula Thalamus Cerebral cortex Horizontal section of the cerebrum
53 Internal capsule Head of caudate nucleus Ant. thalamic radiation Frontopontine tract Corticonuclear tract Corticospinal tract Dorsal thalamus Central thalamic radiation Lentiform nucleus Corticorubral tract Parieto-occipitotemporo-pontine tract Acoustic radiation Med. geniculate body Lat. geniculate body Optic radiation
54 Fiber tracts pass through internal capsule Ant.limb Frontopontine tract Ant. thalamic radiation Three portion Genu Post.limb Corticonuclear tract Corticospinal tract Corticorubral tract Central thalamic radiation Parieto-occipito-temporo-pontine tract Acoustic radiation Optic radiation
55 Sympotom after Injury of right internal capsule
56 Injury of the whole internal capsule If Infarction,hemorrhage appear in internal capsule,it will block the important sensory and motor conducting tracts.it will occur: Blindness in the opposite visual field of both eye Impairment of general sensation on the opposite side of the body Opposite skeletal muscle paralysis of upper and lower limb
57 Horizental section of the cerebrum
58 Lateral Ventricle Position: located in cerebral hemispheres Four parts 2 1-Central part: lies in parietal lobe 2-Anterior horn: extends into frontal lobe 3-Posterior horn: extend into occipital lobe 4-Inferior horn: extend into temporal lobe 4 1 Mesencephalic aquduct 3rd ventricle 4th ventricle 3
59 Projective diagram of the ventricular system of brain
60 The superior view of lateral ventricle
61 Lateral Ventricle Transverse MRI scan, at the level of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle.
62 Lateral Ventricle Communication lateral ventricle interventricular foramen third ventricle
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66 Transverse (1570/3.9/800) MR images show ROIs (white areas) at which ADC, FA, and RA values were determined in the, A, parietal lobe, B, frontal lobe, C, corpus callosum and pericallosal areas, D, internal capsule, E, occipital lobe, Copy RightHongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University and, F, temporal lobe.
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71 FIGURE This view is one we will use repeatedly as the starting point in describing neural pathways
72 FIGURE This view is a modified version of the one shown above. On the right, four "tan colored" thalamic nuclei have been added and numbered arrows show how fibers radiate laterally from the thalamus, passing "under" the caudate, and entering the internal capsule. On the left, a horizontal cut has been made through the brain, revealing the classic "V" shape of the internal capsule. The "1" on both sides shows the position of fibers traveling in the anterior limb of the capsule; The "2, 3, 4" show the position of fibers traveling in the posterior limb.
73 FIGURE This view simply draws in the DC-ML pathway on our standard dorsal view of the brainstem and thalamus. Note that the pathway retains a somatotopic plan of organization all the way up to the cortex. VP is an abbreviation for ventralis posterior, the name of the thalamic nucleus where the cell bodies of the third order neurons are found. Note that on the left, the letters L and A show the position of the Copy "arm" Rightand "leg" Hongqi fibers ZHANG-Department in the posterior limb of of Anatomy-Fudan the capsule University
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75 answer thalamus 2 - pineal body 3 - parieto-0ccipital sulcus 4 - calcarine sulcus 5 - inferior colliculus 6 - anterior medullary velum 7 - fourth ventricle 8 - basilar pons 9 - oculomotor nerve 10 - mammillary body 11 - optic chiasm 12 - anterior commissure 13 - cingulate gyrus 14 - corpus callosum
76 1 - lateral ventricle, ant horn 2 - septum pellucidum 3 - fornix 4 - massa intermedia 5 - thalamus 6 - pineal body 7 - superior colliculus 8 - inferior colliculus 9 - cerebellar hemisphere 10 - fourth ventricle 11 - cerebellar peduncles 12 - medial geniculate nucleus 13 - caudate nucleus, tail 14 - lateral geniculate nucleus 15 - habenular nucleus 16 - globus pallidus 17 - caudate nucleus, head 18 - corpus callosum
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78 answer cingulate gyrus 2 - corpus callosum 3 - fornix 4 - thalamus 5 - superior &inferior colliculi 6 - superior cerebellar peduncle 7 - fourth ventricle 8 - inferior olive 9 - mammillary body 10 - fornix 11 - lateral ventricle, ant horn
79 answer fornix 2 - septum pellucidum 3 - corpus callosum 4 - caudate nucleus, head 5 - putamen 6 - globus pallidus 7 - olfactory tract 8 - anterior commissure 9 - middle cerebral artery 10 - lateral fissure
80 answer cingulate gyrus 2 - fornix 3 - thalamus 4 - putamen 5 - subthalamic nucleus 6 - hippocampal formation 7 - lateral ventricle, inf horn 8 - caudate nucleus
81 answer optic radiation 2 - lateral ventricle, post horn 3 - superior cerebellar peduncle 4 - corticospinal tract 5 - middle cerebellar peduncle 6 - cerebellum
82 answer insula 2 - internal capsule, ant limb 3 - fornix 4 - lateral ventricle, ant horn 5 - caudate nucleus, head 6 - putamen 7 - globus pallidus 8 - thalamus 9 - caudate nucleus, tail 10 - lateral ventricle, post horn 11 - optic radiation 12 - internal capsule, post limb 13 - internal capsule, genu
83 answer olfactory tract 2 - optic chiasm 3 - amygdala 4 - lateral ventricle, inf horn 5 - cerebral peduncle 6 - red nucleus 7 - substantia nigra 8 - hippocampus
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86 ^_^ 哈哈! 下课了!
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