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1 Nestin CD % of Nestin-EGFP (+) ells 8 6 Nestin-EGFP Marge Nestin-EGFP Marge Expression levels of Expression levels of Tumorigeniity y stemness markers ifferentiation markers limiting ilution assay Line Numer of ells injete CD GFAP TUJ x x 3 x 8 8±. 88±7..±.7.±.3 / () 3/3 () / () 9±6.3 89±6. 3.3±..3±.7 3/3 () 3/3 () 3/3 () pe-nes-8 79±. ±3.9.±.9 6.±. 3/3 () 3/3 () 3/3 () pe-nes- 9±6. 88±7.8.±..±.8 3/3 () 3/3 () 3/3 () Supplementary Figure. Charaterization of stemness an tumorigeni features of GSCs (a) Expression levels of stemness markers (,, Nestin an CD) in GSCs (8,, pe-nes-8 an pe-nes-) an serially transplante-gscs (8 an ). level ompare to that in human ES ell (H) is iniate in Y-axis. Error ars iniate s.. () Frequenies of EGFP-positive (Nestin-positive) ells in - an -positive ells in pe-nes- an pe- Nes-8. an positive ells were ounte in multiple spheres an alulate (left graph). Image of pe-nes--gsc is shown (right panel). Error ars iniate s.. Bar, μm. () Summary of GSC harateristis. Expression level of stemness an ifferentiation markers was assesse y immunostaining. Expression levels of eah marker were evaluate y frequenies (%) of immunopositive ells among GSC neurospheres. A total of ells per line were ounte in tripliate. Tumorigeniity of the GSCs was evaluate y limiting ilution assay (transplante with x, x 3 anx ells) in vivo. The tumorigeni rate (%) is shown in rakets.

2 8 (si-nc) (si-nc) R² =.9 R² =.9 RNA-seq FPKM (log ) RNA-seq FPKM (log ) Miroarray signal intensity (log ) Miroarray signal intensity (log ) Numer of lnrnas ownregulate y si-jag Numer of lnrnas ownregulate y si-noth RNA-seq 3 7 Miroarray RNA-seq 3 8 Miroarray Supplementary Figure. Comparison etween RNA-seq an miroarray analyses in si-jag an si-noth treate GSCs (a) Satterplot omparison of gloal expression profiles of GSCs (8 an ) y using RNA-seq an miroarray tehnology. Relationship etween RNA-seq ata an miroarray ata is estimate y Regression analysis. () Venn iagram epits the numers of ownregulate lnrnas ientifie y RNA-seq an miroarray tehnology. List of lnrnas were summarize in Supplementary Date an.

3 Noth si-nc si-noth JAG si-nc si-jag HES HES HES HES DAPT DAPT HES HES HES HES RO9997 RO9997 e (TUG / GAPDH) f (TUG / GAPDH) 3 g (TUG / GAPDH) 3 RO9997 si-noth si-jag Supplementary Figure 3. Effets of Noth signaling on TUG expression in GSCs (a, ) Expression hanges of iniate genes in GSCs treate with sirna against Noth (a) or JAG (). Values are iniate relative to aunane in si-nc-treate ells., P<., Stuent s t-test. (, ) Expression levels of HES an HES in GSCs treate with ifferent onentrations of DAPT () or RO9997 (). Values are iniate relative to aunane in DMSO-treate ells., P<., Kruskal-Wallis analysis. (e-g) Effet of NICD overexpression on TUG expression. Expression levels of TUG in GSCs treate with either RO9997 (e), sirna against Noth (f) or JAG (g). Empty vetor (pdna3.) an plasmi vetors expressing luiferase (Lu) were use for negative ontrols. Values are iniate relative to aunane in DMSO or si-nc-treate ells., P<., Kruskal-Wallis analysis. For all experiments ata, error ars iniate s.. (n=3).

4 Noth (+) (-) 3 JAG (+) (-) % of positive ells 8 6 Trypan lue (-) Trypan lue (+) (+) (-) Nestin-EGFP (+) Nestin-EGFP (-) Nestin-EGFP Nestin-EGFP Nestin-EGFP Phase ontrast Nestin- EGFP si-nc si-noth si-jag e Relative Nestin-EGFP Intensity Numer of viale ell f MALAT NEAT g Phase ontrast Nestin- EGFP si-nc si-malat si-neat h Relative Nestin-EGFP Intensity Numer of viale ell Supplementary Figure. Phenotypi haraterization of GSC-pE-Nes (a-) Charaterization of EGFP-positive (i.e. Nestin-positive) an EGFP negative (i.e. Nestin-negative) GSCs. (a) Expression levels of Noth an JAG in Nestin-EGFP-positive an -negative ells. level ompare to that in Nestin-EGFP (+) is iniate on the Y-axis., P<., Stuent s t-test. () Numer of viale ells in EGFP-positive an -negative GSCs was assesse y trypan lue staining., P<., Stuent s t-test. () Nestin-EGFP-positive an -negative ells were transplante intraranially to NOD/SCID mie. Representative image ( weeks post-transplantation) of HE staining is shown. Tumor areas are surroune y re otte line. Bars, mm. () Effets of sirna-meiate inhiition against Noth- an JAG. Phase-ontrast an Nestin-EGFP images of GSC-pE-Nes- transfete with the iniate sirnas are shown. Bars, μm. (e) Relative intensity of Nestin-EGFP (left) an numer of viale ell (right) to si-nc ontrol were analyze. Viale ells were assesse y trypan lue staining., P<., Stuent s t- test. (f) Expression levels of stemness markers ( an ) in GSCs after either si-nc, si-malat or si-neat treatment. Y-axis iniates relative expression level ompare to that in si-nc-treate ells., P<., Kruskal-Wallis analysis. (g) Phase-ontrast an Nestin-EGFP images of pe-nes- after treatment with either si-nc, si-malat, or si-neat. Bar, μm. (h) Intensity of Nestin- EGFP (left) an numer of viale ells (right) to si-nc ontrol were quantifie. Viale ells were assesse y trypan lue staining. For all the experimental ata, error ars iniate s.. (n=3).

5 GSC TUG / DAPI Average spot numers per ell Nulei Cytoplasm % input TUG mir- % input TUG mir e. f Relative numer of viale ell % of annexin V an 7-AAD oule positive ells Nestin CD g (mir- / RNU6B) Phase ontrast Nestin- EGFP NC mir- h Relative Nestin-EGFP Intensity Numer of viale ell Supplementary Figure. Interation etween TUG an mir- an its iologial signifiane (a) RNA-FISH analysis of TUG (re) in GSCs. Nulei are staine with DAPI. Bar, μm. () Ratio of suellular loalization of TUG in GSCs. Multiple GSC lines are examine. Error ars iniate s.. () RIP analysis of TUG an mir- using an antioy against AGO or IgG. Enrihment of TUG an mir- are expresse as a perentage of input RNA. () GSCs were transfete with expression vetors enoing either Flag-AGO (WT) or Flag-AGO laking PAZ omain ( PAZ). RIP analysis of TUG an mir- was performe y using an antioy against Flag. Enrihment of TUG an mir- are expresse as a perentage of input RNA. (e) The numer of viale ells (left) an apoptoti ells (right) among GSCs treate with a preursor moleule of mir- (mir-) or negative ontrol mirna preursor (NC). Viale ells were assesse y trypan lue staining. Apoptoti ells were ounte y FACS analysis with 7-AAD an PE Annexin V staining. (f) Effet of mir- on expression of the stemness-assoiate genes (,, Nestin an CD). Y-axis iniates relative expression level ompare to that seen in NC-treate ells. (g, f) Effet of exogenous mir- on Nestin ativity. (g) GSC-pE-Nes- were treate with a preursor moleule of mir- (mir-) or negative ontrol mirna preursor (NC). Expression level of mir- (values are iniate relative to aunane in NC-treate ells, left). Phase-ontrast an Nestin-EGFP images. Bar, μm (right). (h) Intensity of Nestin-EGFP (left) an numer of viale ells (right) ompare to NC ontrol were quantifie. Viale ells were assesse y trypan lue staining. For all the experimental ata, error ars iniate s.. (n=3), P<., Stuent s t-test. EGFP

6 NC mir- 3 3 TUG WT TUG MUT TUG DEL mir- ( nm) mir- ( nm) Supplementary Figure 6. Quantitative interation etween TUG an mir- (a) Expression levels of an in GSCs treate with the iniate oses of mir- or negative ontrol mirna preursor (NC). Values are iniate relative to aunane in non-treate ells ( nm)., P<., Stuent s t-test. () Different onentrations of partial TUG transripts ( to 3 nuleoties), whih ontain the see sequene of mir- (TUG WT), mutate TUG (MUT) or see sequene-elete TUG (DEL) were ae to GSCs treate with mir- (nm). Equivalent ose (nm) of partial TUG transripts quenhe mir- ativities. Expression levels of enogenous an were measure y qpcr. Values are iniate relative to aunane in non-treate ells ( nm)., P<., Kruskal-Wallis analysis. For all experiments ata, error ars iniate s.. (n=3).

7 Relative numer of viale ell % of annexin V an 7-AAD oule positive ells si-noth si-noth Nestin CD si-noth si-noth Relative numer of viale ell e % of annexin V an 7-AAD oule positive ells si-jag si-jag f Nestin CD si-jag si-jag Supplementary Figure 7. Roles of eah TUG exon transript for the stemness features of GSCs (a-f) Effets of TUG overexpression on ell viaility (a, ), apoptosis (, e) an expression of the stemness-assoiate genes (,, Nestin an CD) (, f) in GSCs treate with sirna against Noth (a-) or JAG (-f). Plasmi vetors expressing iniate TUG exons or NICD were ae to GSCs. Empty vetor (pdna3.) an plasmi vetors expressing luiferase (Lu) were use for negative ontrols, while NICD overexpression (NICD) was use for a positive ontrol for these experiments. Viale ells were assesse y trypan lue staining (a, ). The numer of apoptoti ells were ounte y FACS analysis with 7-AAD an PE Annexin V staining (, e). Expression levels of stemness-assoiate genes were analyze y qrt-pcr. Y-axis iniates relative expression level ompare to that seen in si-nc -treate ells (, f). Values are iniate relative to aunane in si-nc-treate ells. For all the experimental ata, error ars iniate s.. (n=3), P<., Kruskal-Wallis analysis.

8 Noth expression (log ) 3 r = TUG expression (log ) expression (log ) r = TUG expression (log ) expression (log ) 6 r = TUG expression (log ) BDNF expression (log ) 6 r = TUG expression (log ) NGF expression (log ). r = TUG expression (log ) NTF3 expression (log ) r = TUG expression (log ).6 Mesenhymal Classial Proneural Neural Normalize expression value.. -. TUG Noth Normalize log value ( ; TCGA GBM, ; GSC-8, ; GSC-) Supplementary Figure 8. Expression analysis of TUG in linial GBM samples (a) Correlation etween TUG, Noth, mir- target genes ( an ), an TUG target gene (BDNF, NGF an NTF3) expression in linial GBM samples. Data were otaine from TCGA ata sets. Eah omparison is performe etween the genes iniate on the X- an Y-axes, respetively. () Hierarhial lustering analysis of gene expression profiles using GBM ata sets from the TCGA an the GSC lines (8- an ) stuie here. Color orrespons to expression level as iniate in the log-transforme sale ar elow the matrix. Re an lue reflet high an low levels, respetively. On the X-axis, a grey ar iniates TCGA GBM samples. Re an lue ars iniate 8- an -GSC, respetively. () Expression levels of TUG an Noth in TCGA GBM samples. Error ars iniate s.e.m.

9 TUG / DAPI () Nake-TUG (n = 3) TUG-DDS (n = 3) Epi-fluoresene High Pre-treatment After injetion ( hours) Low Raiant Effiieny (p/se/m /sr) (μw/m ) Relative fluoresene intensity Nake-TUG TUG-DDS Time after injetion (hours) Supplementary Figure 9. Analysis of TUG expression an TUG-DDS aumulation in the mouse (a) Representative image of HE staining of mouse xenograft after 3 ays of transplantation. Tumor areas are surroune y re otte line. Bar, mm. () RNA-FISH analysis of TUG (re) in tumor ells aroun area (perivasular region) in panel a. Nulei were staine with DAPI. Asterisk iniates loo vessel. Bar, mm. () Mie earing rain tumors were intravenously aministere with nake (without DDS) Alexa67 laele ASO-TUG (Nake-TUG, n=3; left) or Alexa67 laele TUG-DDS (right, n=3). Fluoresene intensity was analyze using an IVIS imaging system. () TUG-DDS was staly aumulate in the tumors at least for hours. Values are iniate relative to intensities at the point of pre-treatment ( hour). Error ars iniate s.e.m.

10 ( ; motif) K : TSS outsie R R R3 3 -outsie TUG exon. 8. % input.8.8 si-nc si-.... ( / GAPDH) (TUG / GAPDH) Supplementary Figure. promotes TUG expression in GSCs (a, ) ChIP analysis of in the upstream region of TUG TSS. (a) Shemati iagram showing motifs aroun the TSS of TUG. Open irles iniate motifs. () Enrihment of in GSCs treate with either si-nc or si-. Regions examine y ChIP analysis are iniate as -outsie, R, R, R3 an 3 -outsie in a. Enrihment of is expresse as a perentage of input DNA., P<., Stuent s t-test. () Expression level of in GSCs treate with sirna against the iniate genes on the X-axis. Relative expression level to the sirna-negative ontrol (si-nc) is iniate on the Y-axis. P<., Kruskal-Wallis analysis. () Expression hanges of TUG in GSCs treate with sirna against. Values are iniate relative to aunane oserve in si-nc-treate ells., P<., Stuent s t-test. For all experiments ata, error ars iniate s.. (n=3).

11 Fig. f -atin Fig. EZH IgG Fig. h BDNF NGF -atin Fig. EZH YY Supplementary Figure. The original immunolot images utilize in this stuy The re setions iniate lot results shown in the iniate figures.

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