Organelles in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. Pages 4 5: cell membrane, cytoplasm/cytosol, cytoskeleton, nucleus, chromatin/chromosomes, and centrioles
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1 Organelles in EUKARYOTIC CELLS Pages 4 5: cell membrane, cytoplasm/cytosol, cytoskeleton, nucleus, chromatin/chromosomes, and centrioles
2 Use the info on the following slides to complete pages 4 5 in your notes. You do not have to draw pictures. We will do that in class. For location, you may circle plant, animal, or both. If there is other info for location, be sure to write it in the box.
3 Cell membrane aka plasma membrane or phospholipid bilayer Location Outer layer of the cell Both plant and animal cells Function Controls what moves in/out of cell (thus helps maintain homeostasis)
4 Structure Composition: 1. Phospholipid bilayer Made of 2 layers of phospholipids Main component (largest part) 2. Steroids Cholesterol Give cells some strength
5 3. Carbohydrates Help cells stick together Serve as recognition sites 4. Proteins (2 types) A. Integral = embedded within membrane; used to TRANSPORT things in and out of cell B. Peripheral = attached only to inner/outer surface; used in RECOGNITION
6 What does fluid mosaic mean? Phospholipid bilayer behaves more like a fluid than a solid Lipids/proteins move freely If we break down the words Fluid = parts not stationary Mosaic = made up of lots of pieces put together
7 Cell membrane is selectively permeable! It will only allow certain things to pass in or out
8 Cell membrane
9 Cell membrane
10 Cytoplasm vs. cytosol Cytoplasm area in cell between nucleus and cell membrane contains all of the cells organelles Cytosol gel-like aqueous fluid inside cell
11
12 Cytoskeleton Function Maintain cell shape Makes cells strong and resistant to damage Aids in moving organelles and molecules around the cell in a process called cytoplasmic streaming Location Spans the cytoplasm Both plant and animal cells
13 Structure (in your book on pg. 84) What are the parts of the cytoskeleton? It s made of three types of protein fibers. Microtubules thick protein cords (tubulin) used in cell movement make up cilia and flagella used in chromosome movement make up centrioles and spindle fibers maintain cell shape; hold organelles in place
14 Intermediate filaments protein fibers in between thickness, coiled into cables used to maintain shape and support cell anchor nucleus and other organelles, maintain shape of nucleus Microfilaments thin protein strands (actin) used in cytoplasmic streaming, cell movement, cell shape, and muscle contractions
15
16 Cytoskeleton
17 Nucleus Function Where DNA is housed/protected (control center) Where RNA is transcribed Remember DNA RNA proteins it s the DNA that tells the cell what proteins to make, when to make them, how much to make, where they should go, etc. DNA never leaves the nucleus it s too risky! So the nucleus is also the site of DNA s info being copied into RNA a process called transcription
18 Location: Usually centrally located Both plant and animal cells (largest organelle in animal cells)
19 Structure 4 parts: 1. Nuclear matrix = protein skeleton that helps nucleus to maintain its shape 2. Nuclear envelope = surrounds the nucleus; it s actually a double lipid bilayer 3. Nuclear pores = small holes in nuclear envelope where RNA passes from nucleus to cytosol 4. Nucleolus = inside nucleus; site where ribosomes assembled before they move to cytosol
20 Pictures
21 So DNA is in the nucleus? YES! But we actually call it different things depending on what it looks like! Chromatin Chromosomes Long, thin, stringy DNA State of DNA in a nondividing cell Stretched out for genetic code to be interpreted by proteins Coiled up and condensed DNA State of DNA in dividing cell Packaged to be easily moved to opposite ends of the cell for cell division
22 Centrioles Location Animal cells only! Cytoplasm near nuclear envelope (in centrosome) Structure Cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle Occur in pairs and are perpendicular to each other Function Organize microtubules of cytoskeleton during cell division Organize microtubules to form cilia and flagella
23 Centriole
24 Centriole
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