10. The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the oflight. A) absolute threshold B) brightness C) hue D) difference threshold E) wavelength

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1 ~ame: Date: 1. The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called: A) closure. B) interposition. C) perceptual set D) proximity. E) convergence. 2. Mr. and Mrs. Batson can't wait to begin toilet training their year-old daughter. The Batsons most clearly need to be informed about the importance of: A) imprinting. B) habituation. C) fluid intelligence. D) maturation. E) object permanence. 3. The best evidence that 4-month-old infants possess visual memory capabilities comes from research on: A) imprinting. B) conservation. C) the rooting reflex. D) object permanence. E) habituation. 4. On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she bec{)me aware again ofthe troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by: A) the opponent-process theory. D) the Young-Helmholtz theory. B) Weber's law. E) frequency theory. C) the gate-control theory. 5. Holding two index fingers in front ofthe eyes can create the perception of a floating finger sausage. This best illustrates the effect of: A) convergence. B) relative clarity. C) retinal disparity. D) interposition. E) visual capture. 6. During the months when there is a large amount ofpollen in the air, your hay fever severely affects your sense of smell At the same time your food all seems to taste the same. This illustrates the importance of: A) accommodation. B) sensory interaction. C) kinesthesis. D) serial processing. E) sensory adaptation. 7. Accommodation refers to the: A) diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. B) system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints. C) quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. D) process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages. E) process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina. 8. When most people stare at a red square and then shift their cyes to a white surfuee, the afterimage of the square is: A) yellow. B) red. C) green. D) blue. E) white. 9. The presence and location oftwo curious rabbits influence our perceptions ofthe "magician's cabinet" pictured in the textbook. This provides an illustration of: A) visual capture. B) context effects. C) the Ponzo illusion. D) perceptual adaptation. E) stroboscopic movement. 10. The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the oflight. A) absolute threshold B) brightness C) hue D) difference threshold E) wavelength II. Patients' negative expectations about the outcome ofa surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of: A) transduction. B) accommodation. C) sensory adaptation. D) difference thresholds. E) top-down processing. 12. After hearing rumors about the outbreak of an infectious disease, A1yosha began to perceive his normal aches and pains as diseaserelated symptoms. His reaction best illustrates the impact of: A) bottom-up processing. B) the cocktail party effect C) the Ponzo illusion. D) perceptual set. E) relative clarity. 13. In order to estimate trait heritability, researchers are most likely to make use of: A) doning. B) gender schemas. C) gender-typing. D) twin studies. E) DNA. 14. In foggy weather, automobile drivers are especially likely to be misled by the distance cue known as: A) interposition. B) convergence. C) relative motion. D) relative clarity. E) relative size. 15. People are more likely to perceive a fignre and ground illustration as reversible ifthey are told it is reversible. This best illustrates the importance of: A) visual capture. 8) retinal disparity. C) perceptual adaptation. D) perceptual constancy. E) top-do\\>n processing. 16. Although the mountains were over 30 miles away, the morning sky was so clear that Showana thought they were only half the distance away. This best illustrates the importance of: A) lightness constancy. 8) relative clarity. C) relative height. D) texture gradient. E) relative size. 17. The distorted room illusion involving two girls who rapidly shrink or enlarge can best be explained in terms of: A) shape constancy. D) the principle ofcontinuity. B) retinal disparity. E) selective attention. C) the misperception of distance. 18. The human ability to speedily recognize familiar objects best illustrates the value of: A) accommodation. B) kinesthesis. C) subliminal stimulation. D) sensory interaction. E) parallel processing. Page 1

2 19. I f an adult develops cataracts, his or her: A) absolute threshold for light is likely to increase. D) difference threshold for light is likely to remain unchanged. B) difference threshold for light is likely to decrease. E) absolute threshold fur light is likely to decrease. C) absolute threshold for light is likely to decrease. 20. As she gazed down from a bridge at the mpidly flowing river, Nancy felt as though she were moving. Her experience best illustrates the phenomenon of: A) retinal disparity. B) perceptual adaptation. C) location constancy. D) visual capture. E) the phi phenomenon. 21, If Jared watches a nurse give him an injection, he experiences more pain than ifhe closes his eyes during the procedure and thinks about his favorite food. This illustrates the value of for pain control. A) sensory adaptation B) perceptual adaptation C) subliminal stimulation D) distraction E) blindsight 22, Because Carmella, Jorge, and Gail were all sitting behind the same bowling lane, Ruth perceived that they were all members ofthe same bowling team, This best illustrates the organizational principle of: A) proximity. B) convergence. C) closure. D) continuity, E) connectedness, 23. The study of phenomena such as clairvoyance and telepathy is called: A) pampsychology. B) Gestalt psychology. C) human factcrs psychology, D) psychokinesis, E) ESP. 24, Young children tend to draw human figures in a mther unrealistic way. This reflects their: A) selective attention to monocular cues. D) perceptual schemas. B) selective attention to legs and feet. E) retinal disparity. C) linear perspective. 25, The organization oftwo-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called: A) retinal disparity. B) depth perception. C) perceptual constancy, D) visual capture. E) sensory interaction. 26. Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the: A) vestibular sacs, B) semicircular canals. C) inner ear. D) cochlea E) middle ear. 27. The fact that fear may increase your sensitivity to an almost imperceptible pain stimulus is of most relevance to: A) place theory, D) opponent-process theory, B) frequency theory. E) signal detection theory, C) the Young-Helmholtz theory. 28, When Rick learned that many students had received a failing grade on the midterm exam, he was no longer disappointed by his C grade. His experience best illustrates the importance of: A) perceptual adaptation. 8) bottom-up processing. C) relative clarity. D) context effi:cts. E) interposition. 29, The visually perceived distance between ourselves and an object provides an important cue for our perception of the object's: A) brightness, B) shape. C) color. D) motion. E) size. 30. Schema~ are best described aq: A) concepts that organize sensory input. B) networks ofinterconnected brain cells. C) visual receptor cells loeated in the eye, D) genetic predispositions to perceive objects in a specific fashion. E) monocular cues for depth pereeption. 31, When the soundtrack for a movie is played in the back of a classroom, students tend to perceive the sound as originating from the picture screen in the front of the room. This best illustrates: A) location constancy. B) the phi phenomenon. C) selective attention, D) perceptual adaptation. E) visual capture. 32, An infant's temperament refers most directly to its: A) ability to learn, B) social connectedness. C) emotional excitability, D) physical health. E) language development. 33. Ifwe see a speaker mouthing day while actually hearing someone else saying may, we may perceive a third syllable bay that blends both inputs. This phenomenon is known as: A) prosopagnosia, B) sensory adaptation. C) blindsight. D) accommodation. E) the McGurk effect. 34. The discovery that high-frequency sounds trigger large vibrations near the beginning ofthe basilar membrane supports the thcory. A) gate-control B) frequency C) Young-Helmholtz D) opponent-process E) place 35. It wasn't until Clam heard some of her classmates laughing loudly during history class that she began to perceive the professor's ongoing lecture to be very funny. This provides an illustration of: A) relative clarity. B) the phi phenomenon, C) perceptual adaptation. D) context effects. E) the cocktail party effect. 36. Damage to the temporal lobe region ofthe brain essential for rncial recognition produces a loss of: A) perception. B) signal detection. C) transduction, D) accommodation. E) sensation. Page 2

3 37. Renny knew the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one. This illustrates the importance ofthe distance cue known as: A) relative size. B) interposition. C) proximity. D) relative height. E) linear perspective. 38. The axons of ganglion cells converge to form: A) the basilar membrane. B) bipolar cells. C) the auditory nerve. D) the optic nerve. E) the olfactory epithelium. 39. On a cloudy day, a yellow flower is likely to appear it does on a bright sunny day. A) less colorful than B) less yellow than C) equally as yellow as D) more yellow than E) whiter than 40. Felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks that he failed to perceive any of her less admirable characteristics. This best illustrates the dangers of: A) perceptual adaptation. D) the cocktail party effect. B) figure-ground relationships. E) perceptual constancy. C) selective attention. 41. Numerous pedestrians calmly walked past an elderly gentleman lying on a city sidewalk without showing any concern. As a consequence, other passersby failed to perceive that the man was in need of immediate medical assistance. This best illustrates the importance of: A) perceptual adaptation. B) relative clarity. C) context effects. D) visual capture. E) perceptual constancy. 42. The tendency to see complete letters on a neon sign, even though some of the bulbs are out, illustrates the principle of: A) closure. B) convergence. C) similarity. D) constancy. E) connectedness. 43. Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on: A) night vision. B) peripheral vision. C) visual acuity. D) sensory adaptation. E) kinesthesis. 44. In additive color mixing, the combination of red, green, and blue creates ; in subtractive color mixing, the combination of red, yellow, and blue creates _----:--:--_ A) white; white B) white; black C) yellow; green D) black; white E) black; black 45. The self-reflective observation of one's own sensations and feelings is called: A) clinical psychology. B) introspection. C) spaced practice. D) humanism. E) Gestalt psychology. 46. Although college textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of: A) interposition. B) size constancy. C) linear perspective. D) shape constancy. E) binocular cues. 47. In a class lecture, Professor Hampton emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. The professor's lecture highlighted a perspective on psychological disorders. A) psychodynamic B) behavior genetics C) neuroscience D) social-cultural E) cognitive 48. After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged, Jason experienced a noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only. Jason's hearing loss is best explained by the theory. A) gate-control B) frequency C) Young-Helmholtz D) opponent-process E) place 49. The organizational principles identified by Gestalt psychologists best illustrate the importance of: A) perceptual constancy. B) retinal disparity. C) top-down processing. D) perceptual adaptation. E) visual capture. 50. When you question whether anecdotal evidence can be generalized to all people, you are applying: A) overconfidence. B) the placebo effect. C) the hindsight bias. D) random assignment. E) critical thinking. 51. The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called: A) perceptual set. B) convergence. C) perceptual adaptation. D) the phi phenomenon. E) the cocktail party effect. 52. As people grow older, they are most likely to need glasses because: A) the iris loses its ability to contract the pupil. D) the feature detectors progressively decrease in number. B) the blind spot increases in diameter. E) the cornea loses much of its transparency. C) the lens loses its ability to change shape readily. 53. The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the: A) eustachian tube. B) auditory canal. C) semicircular canal. D) cochlea. E) vestibular apparatus. 54. According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to light are inhibited by exposure to light. A) red; blue B) blue; green C) yellow; green D) red; blue E) yellow; blue 55. John Locke would have suggested that a perceptual set results from: A) visual capture. B) relative clarity. C) natural selection. D) selective attention. E) prior experience. Page 3

4 56. Those who believe in the value of subliminal audiotapes would be wrong to claim that: A) people are capable ofparallel processing. D) sensory transduction can occur without conscious awareness. B) signal detection is influenced by a person's motivational state. E) any of the above are true. C) unconsciously processed information is unusually persuasive. 57. Dilation and constriction ofthe pupil are controlled by the: A) optic nerve. B) lens. C) retina. D) iris. E) cornea. 58. The quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces: A) retinal disparity. B) the Ponzo illusion. C) stroboscopic movement. D) convergence. E) subliminal persuasion. 59. Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Lars was still able to play tennis very effectively. This best illustrates the value of: A) retinal disparity. B) perceptual set. C) shape constancy. D) visual capture. E) perceptual adaptation. 60. The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates: A) subliminal perception. B) kinesthesis. C) accommodation. D) sensory adaptation. E) parallel processing. 61. Lightness constancy is most clearly facilitated by: A) visual capture. B) interposition. C) relative luminance. D) retinal disparity. E) the phi phenomenon. 62. A concept that helps us to interpret ambiguous sensations is called a: A) gestalt. B) schema. C) stereogram. D) perceptual constancy. E) perceptual adaptation. 63. Which ofthe following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance? A) interposition B) convergence C) closure D) linear perspective E) texture gradient 64. A specification ofhow a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n): A) standard deviation. B) control condition. C) replication. D) operational definition. E) observation. 65. Which ofthe following would playa role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home? A) vestibular sacs B) bipolar cells C) olfactory receptors D) feature detectors E) basilar membrane 66. Socrates, Plato, and Descartes believed that: A) the mind is a blank slate at birth. D) mental processes reflect evolutionary change. B) mind and body are distinct and separable. E) body fluids govern both mind and body. C) true knowledge originates in sensory experience. 67. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in order to perceive disconnected parts as a whole object is called: A) interposition. B) constancy. C) closure. D) continuity. E) convergence. 68. Humans experience the longest visible electromagnetic waves as: A) the color blue-violet and the shortest visible waves as red. D) the color red and the shortest visible waves as blue-violet. B) the color red and the shortest visible waves as green. E) the color black and the shortest visible waves as white. C) the color blue and the shortest visible waves as yellow. 69. Certain stroke victims report seeing nothing when shown a series of sticks, yet they are able to correctly report whether the sticks are vertical or horizontal. This best illustrates: A) prosopagnosia. B) serial processing. C) the McGurk effect. D) sensory interaction. E) blindsight. 70. People who demonstrate blindsight have most likely suffered damage to their: A) cornea. B) lens. C) fovea. D) optic nerve. E) visual cortex. 71. According to the opponentprocess theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to: A) green light are inhibited by exposure to blue light. D) red light are inhibited by exposure to blue light. B) yellow light are inhibited by exposure to red light. E) yellow light are inhibited by exposure to green light. C) green light are inhibited by exposure to red light. 72. While a student provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates: A) retinal disparity. B) visual capture. C) stroboscopic movement. D) the Ponzo illusion. E) change blindness. 73. With her eyes closed, Sierra can accurately touch her mouth, nose, and chin with her index finger. Sierra's accuracy illustrates the importance of: A) accommodation. B) kinesthesis. C) sensory interaction. D) sensory adaptation. E) feature detectors. 74. Almost half the birds in the yard were brown cardinals and the rest were bright red cardinals, so Jimmy perceived them as two distinct groups of birds. This best illustrates the principle of: A) proximity. B) closure. C) similarity. D) connectedness. E) relative clarity. Page

5 75. The perception that Bugs Bunny is hopping across a movie screen best illustrates: A) visual capture. B) retinal disparity. C) perceptual adaptation. D) the Ponzo illusion. E) stroboscopic movement. 76. Receptor cells for kinesthesis are located in the: A) fovea. B) inner ear. C) muscles, tendons, and joints. D) olfactory epithelium. E) auditory cortex. 77. The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as: A) interposition. B) closure. C) relative height. D) linear perspective. E) continuity. 78. With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of: A) sensory interaction. B) sensory transduction. C) sensory adaptation. D) accommodation. E) subliminal stimulation. 79. The cocktail party effect provides an example of: A) perceptual constancy. B) perceptual set. C) selective attention. D) stroboscopic movement. E) the phi phenomenon. 80. The Moon illusion can best be explained in terms ofthe relationship between: A) relative clarity and relative height. D) atmospheric air pressure and diffusion oflight waves. B) perceived distance and perceived size. E) selective attention and lightness constancy. C) proximity and closure. 81. Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the tastes ofvarious blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of: A) sensory adaptation. B) subliminal stimulation. C) difference thresholds. D) parallel processing. E) the vestibular sense. 82. As the farmer looked across her field, the parallel rows ofyoung com plants appeared to converge in the distance. This provided her with a distance cue known as: A) proximity. B) linear perspective. C) closure. D) continuity. E) interposition. 83. The impact ofexperience on perception is most clearly illustrated by: A) visual capture. B) retinal disparity. C) the phi phenomenon. D) perceptual adaptation. E) extrasensory perception. 84. Complete sensation in the absence of complete perception is best illustrated by: A) Weber's law. B) prosopagnosia C) conduction deafness. D) color constancy. E) sensory interaction. 85. The 130-decibel sound of a rock band is ::-::-::-- times louder than the 100-decibel sound of a nearby subway train. A) 2 B) 10 C) 30 D) 100 E) Sensation is to as perception is to A) encoding; detection D) organization; accommodation B) detection; interpretation E) threshold; transduction C) interpretation; organization 87. When looking at the hands of a clock showing 8 o'clock, certain brain cells in the visual cortex are more responsive than when the hands show 10 o'clock. This is most indicative of: A) sensory interaction. B) feature detection. C) parallel processing. D) perceptual adaptation. E) accommodation. 88. After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates: A) Weber's law. B) accommodation. C) sensory adaptation. D) the volley principle. E) transduction. 89. Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to result in: A) loss ofmovement. B) accommodation. C) conduction hearing loss. D) loss of the sense ofbalance. E) nerve deafuess. 90. Soothing musical audiotapes accompanied by faint and imperceptible verbal messages designed to increase a desire to lose weight best illustrate: A) synaesthesia. B) sensory interaction. C) subliminal stimulation. D) parallel processing. E) difference thresholds. 91. The principles of continuity and closure best illustrate the importance of: A) binocular cues. B) perceptual adaptation. C) visual capture. D) perceptual constancy. E) top-down processing. 92. Brightness is to light as is to sound. A) pitch B) loudness C) frequency D) amplitude E) wavelength 93. While reading a novel, Raoul isn't easily distracted by the sounds ofthe TV or even by his brothers' loud arguments. This best illustrates: A) interposition. B) the phi phenomenon. C) selective attention. D) perceptual constancy. E) retinal disparity. 94. Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of: A) absolute thresholds. B) difference thresholds. C) sensory adaptation. D) sensory interaction. E) parallel processing. 95. The perception ofthe letter "t" as two intersecting lines rather than as four non intersecting lines illustrates the principle of: A) convergence. B) proximity. C) closure. D) continuity. E) similarity. Page 5

6 96. When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is: A) depression. B) muscular paralysis. C) aggression. D) schizophrenia. E) euphoria. 97. Sir Charles Sherrington observed that impulses took more time to travel a neural pathway than he might have antieipated. His observation provided evidence for the existence of: A) association areas. B) glial cells. C) synaptic gaps. D) intemeurons. E) neural networks. 98. The process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called: A) priming. B) sensory adaptation. C) transdnction. D) parallel processing. E) sensory interaction. 99. The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to: A) hearing. B) kinesthesis. C) the vestibular sense. D) parallel proeessing. E) accommodation After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of: A) perceptual set. B) visual capture. C) perceptual adaptation. D) bottom-up processing. E) stroboscopie movement. Page 6