Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR) ISSN:

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1 Available online at Volume 3; Issue - 1; Year 2017; Page: Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR) ISSN: MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ESOPHAGUS IN LOCAL IRAQIAN SHEEP Sameera A. Daaj* College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological, histological and histochemical structure of the esophagus in local Iraqian sheeps. The present study was conducted on 10 local healthy adults sheep of both sexes (male and female) directly after slaughter were obtained and processed routinely to observe the morphology and histochemical structures of the esophagus. The esophagus was muscular mucosal tube connect between pharynx and stomach. It consist of three parts: cervical, thorasic and cardia (abdomen) portion. The mean of morphometrical parameters of diameter of cervical and abdominal part was mm. The mean of length was mm. The mean diameter of mucosa layer to the cervical portion was 2.67 and the mean layer to the thorasic portion. The present study showed that the esophagus was an elastic tube. The esophagus consists of three layer mucosa, mucosa, muscularis and serosa. The mucosal epithelium was keratinized stratified squamous with papillated appearance except last portion separated of lamina propria. The lamina propria consisted of connective tissue. The muscularis mucosa was located between the lamina propria. The lamina propria and submucosa consist of losse irregular connective tissue, tunica muscularis was constituted by an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layers tunica adventitia lined the cervical whereas tunica serosa lined the thoracic and coudal portion of esophagus. Histochemially, esophagus was positive to periodic acid Schiff stained for all structure layer of esophagus. The esophagus moderate stained with weigher hematoxyline method where the stained the elastic fiber of connective tissue. Key words: Local sheep, Esophagus, Morphology and Histology. 1. Introduction The esophagus plays an important role to transferring of ingested bolud from mouth cavity to stomach (Schummer et al., 1979; Sisson and Grossman, 1986; Gupta and Sharma, 1992). This relatively narrow tube begins dorsal to the cricoid cartilage of the larynx and follows the trachea down the neck at first inclinging to the left but regaining a median position above the trachea before or shortly after entering the thorax within the thorax it runs in the media stinum and continuing beyond the tracheal bifurcation, it passes over the heart before penetrating of esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm it then makes its way over the dorsal border of the liver to join the stomach at the cardia. The esophagus consists of cervical thoracic and abdominal the last is very short.the histological structure of esophagus consists of outer coat was a losse connective tissue (adventitia) in the neck, but this was replaced by serosa. *Corresponding author: Baqer Jafer Hassan E.mail: hamideen94@gmail.com Received: ; Revised: ; Accepted: Materials and Methods The present study was conducted on the esophagus of 10 sheep immediately after their slaughter.the esophageal tissue collected from cervi, thoracic and Abdominal (cardia) segments were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin and

2 Sameera A. Daaj/Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR), 3(1): then processed for paraffin technique of light microscopy. The parrafin sections (ribbon) of 5 6 m were stained with routine stain. 3. Results Result of the study indicates the morphology and histology of the esophagus of local sheep. The esophagus connects between pharyngeal cavity and stomach. The first part called cervical esophagous, it medial part was thorasic and third part was called abdominal esophagus (Figure - 1). The of morphometrical parameters of diameter was mm (Table - 1). The mean of length of esophageous was mm (Table - 2). Esophagus was lined by stratified squamous keratinized epithelium in cervical, thoracic and cardia portions (Figure 3). Its superficial surface was uneven and irregular due to folding of mucosa which at places presented papillae like structure (Figure - 4).The structures of all esophagus regions was similar and their walls composed of three layers: tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica adventitia (serosa( )Figure 5). The mucosal epithelium was a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium throughout the length of esophagus.the epithelium was separated of lamina propria by a basal lamina. The lamina propria consisted of connective tissue, scattered lymphocytes and vascular structure.the muscularis mucosa was located between lamina propria and sub-mucosa and it was identifiable only in distal esophagus. It was consisted of a few thin scaterred strands of smooth muscle.the sub-mucosa layer consisted of sub-mucosal glands that observed in each region of the esophagus. Esophagus glands in cross-section throughout observed around the circumference of the wall. The tunica muscularis composed of striated muscle and consisted of two layers, the inner (circular) and the outer (longitudinal) throughout the length of the esophagus and serosa layer showed thin composed from loose Irregular connective tissue contained fine reticular, collagen and a few elastic fibers. The esophagus was strong reaction, mucosa layer and mascularis layer stained with dark pink during periodic acid Schifft (PAS) stain. The esophagus was moderate reaction for weigher hematoxyline method, the elastic fiber stained with dark brown during weigher stain (Figure 6 to Figure 11). Figure - 1: Anatomical measurements diameter of esophagus Figure - 2: Anatomical position of esophagus: a) cervical part, b) thoracic part and c) abdominal part Figure - 3: Esophagus show A and B stratified squamous keratinized epithelium in cervical, thoracic and cardia portions. H & E (10X)

3 Sameera A. Daaj/Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR), 3(1): Table - 1: of the diameter of lumen cervical and abdominal part (Paired Sample Test) Paired Differences T Df Sig. (2- tailed) Pair 1 VAR VAR Deviation Error % Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Table - 2: length of Esophagus (Descriptive statistics) VAR00001 Valid N (listwise) N Minimum Maximum Deviation sfigure - 4: The folding of mucosa which at places presented papillae like structure. H & E 10X Figure - 6: (Mm) The muscularis mucosa was located between lamina propria and submucosa Figure - 5: Tunica mucosa (Tmu), Tunica muscularis (TM) and Tunica adventitia (TA) (serosa). H&E 10X Figure-7: Section though esophagus (cervical part)pas stain 10X

4 Sameera A. Daaj/Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR), 3(1): Figure - 8: Section though esophagus (thoracic part) PAS stain 10X Figure - 9: Section though esophagus (abdominal part) PAS stain 10X Figure - 10: Section though esophagus weigher stain (10X) Figure - 11: Section though esophagus weigher stain 4. Discussion The sheep esophagus is an organ located in right side of neck an situated between the oropharynx and stomach this result agree with Sisson and Grossman (1986). The sheep esophagus was composed of three part cervical thoracic part and cardiac region this study similar with Shummer et al. (1979). The histological structure of camel, cow and pigoat (Gupta and Sharma, 1991) but differ from humans, dog and cat. Esophagus in all ruminant thick heavily keratinized mucosal epithellum. That it helps to prevent injury from ingestion of coarse and dry foods (Dellmann, 1993). The presence of the mucularis mucosa found all esophagus length. But, camel found only in the mosdistal part of esophagus (Bank, 1986). The lamina propria mucosa was constituted by connective tissue cells blood capillaries, collagen reticular and a few elastic fibres as reported in domestic animals and buffalo calves (Dyce et al., 2016). The thick as outer layer of tunica muscularis and was divided into an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of striated skeletal muscle but in pig smooth muscle (Sloss, 1954). 5. References 1) Banks, W. J Applied Veterinary Histology (3 rd edition). Mosby Year Book, Baltimore. 2) Dellmann, H. D Text Book of Veterinary Histology (6 th edition), Lea and Febiger, Philadaelphia.

5 Sameera A. Daaj/Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR), 3(1): ) Dyce, K. F., W. O. Sack and C. J. Wensing Text book of Veterinary Anatomy, 4 th edition, Saunders Company, Philadelphia. USA, ) Dyce, S., K. Sack and W. B. Sounders Co, Philadelphia, London, ) Gupta, S. K and D. N. Sharma Regional histology of the oesophagus of buffalo calves. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 61: ) Pawan Kumar, R., S. H. Mahe and P. Kumar Histological architecture of esophagus of Goat (Caprahi rcus), ) Salimi, E and J. Amiri Some histological and histological study of the esophagus in one Humped camel (Camelus dromedaries) and Gumped camel (Camelus dromedaries), Global Veterinaria, 32: ) Schummer, A., R. Nickel and W. O. Sack The alimentary canal in the viscera of domestic mammals. New York, Springer Verlag, ) Sisson, S and J. D. Grossman Anatomia dos animias domestic, 5 th edition, Rio de Ianeiro, Guanabara, Koogan. 10) Sloss, M. W The microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract of sus scrofa domistica. Amij Veterinary Research, 57: Quick Response Code Website DOI Number Access this Article in Online How to Cite this Article: Sameera A. Daaj Morphological and histological study of the Esophagus in local Iraqian sheep. Indo - Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3 (1):