Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Anemia(s), categories in morphologic approach to, macrocytic, microcytic, normocytic, categorizing, 412 clinical findings in, 414 defined, 414 fatigue in, 414 hemolytic. See Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). history in, 414 iron deficiency. See Iron deficiency anemia. kinetic approach to, 413 decreased production of RBCs, 412 destruction of RBCs, 412 loss of RBCs, 412 laboratory evaluation in, 414 RBC production and, 412 sickle cell. See Sickle cell anemia (SCA). vitamin B 12. See Vitamin B 12 anemia. Anticoagulation, direct thrombin inhibitors for. See Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs). heparin for. See Heparin. in atrial fibrillation, indications for, 471 low-molecular-weight heparins for. See Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). management of, monitoring of, activated partial thromboplastin time in, antifactor Xa levels in, oral, in atrial fibrillation, See also Atrial fibrillation. Apixaban, Argatroban, dosing of, Atrial fibrillation, anticoagulants for, apixaban, dabigatran, 483 decision to, 482 rivaroxaban, selection of, target-specific agents, warfarin, 482 CHADS2 score in stroke-risk stratification for, 482 incidence of, 482 target-specific agents for, benefits of, 486 Crit Care Nurs Clin N Am 25 (2013) ccnursing.theclinics.com /13/$ see front matter ª 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 490 Index Atrial (continued) comparison of, 486 indications and dosage considerations in, 486 older patients and, 485 surgery and, transition from warfarin and, 485 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), causes of, 420 classifications of, 419 clinical presentation of, 419 diagnosis of, epidemiology of, 420 hemolysis in, mechanisms of, 420 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, 419 laboratory tests for, 421 pathophysiology of, prevalence of, 419 risk factors for, 419 treatment of, considerations in, 421 B Bivalirudin, dosing of, 477, 479 Burkitt s lymphoma, associated critical illness in, acute kidney injury in, 449 disease-related, 449 treatment-related toxicities in, 449 tumor lysis syndrome in, characterization of, 448 immunodeficiency-related, infectious disease in, 449 latent EBV in, 449 infectious disease in, 449, 451 laboratory data in, 451 symptoms of, 448, 449 treatment of, HAART therapy for, 451 raburicase for, 450 variants of, C Chronic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic. See Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). chronic myeloid. See Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Chronic liver diseases, acute liver failure in, management of, 441 bleeding events in, management of, blood tests in, activated partial thromboplastin in, 440 international normalized ratio, partial prothrombin time, thromboelastograms, chronic liver failure in, causes of, 441 hemostasis in, cirrhosis, 442 DIC in, 442 coagulopathy in, 436 blood tests in,

3 evidence-based care of, blood transfusions in, medication review for drug-induced case, platelet transfusions in, 443 fibrinolysis in, 439 hemostasis and, primary, protein C and protein S in, 437 hypercoagulopathy, portal vein thrombosis in, 442 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, normal clotting cascade and, , initiation of, 437 primary hemostasis and, tissue factor in, 437 orthotropic liver transplant, for acute liver failure, 441 platelets in, thrombocytopenia and, prevalence of, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), clinical diagnosis of, 463 complications of, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, opportunistic infections, 466 definition of, 462 diagnosis of, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in, 463 cytogenetic abnormalities in, lymphocytes in, peripheral blood analysis in, 463 diseases masquerading as, 463 incidence of, 462 prognostic indicators, IgVH in, 465 thymidine kinase, 465 prognostic indicators in, ß2-microglobulin, 465 zeta alpha protein-70 in, staging of, Binet, RAI, 464 treatment of, allogenic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for, chemotherapy options in, 466 fludarabine for, immunomodulatory medications for, 467 indications for, 466 monoclonal antibodies for, 467 response to, 468 Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), bone marrow examination with cytogenetic analysis in, 460 clinical presentation of, 460 description of, phases of, 450 survival of, in chronic phase, 450 treatment of, hydroxyurea for, 461 imatinib for, 461 laboratory testing follow-up of, 462 nilotinib for, 461 penatinib for, 462 response definition and monitoring guidelines for, 462 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for, 461 Index 491

4 492 Index D Dabigatran, for attrial fibrillation, 483, 486 Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), action of, 477 agents available, dosing of, monitoring of, for argatroban, for bivalirudin, Dirrect thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), monitoring of, reversal of, deamino-d-arginine vasopressin in, 479 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), in cirrhosis of liver, 124 in pregnancy, 433 H HELLP syndrome, in pregnancy, complications of, 433 treatment of, Hemolytic anemia. See Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Hemostasis, coagulation abnormalities, and liver disease, Heparin, adverse effects of, 475 for anticoagulation, disadvantages of, dosing of, for acute coronary syndrome/atrial fibfillation, 474 for venous thromboembolism, 474 weight-based, 472, 474 mechanism of action in, monitoring of, activated clotting time in, activated partial thromboplastin time in, antifactor Xa levels in, protamine reversal of, 475 Heparin-based thrombocytopenia, argatroban for, 473, High-grade lymphoma, See also Burkitt lymphoma; Transformed follicular lymphoma (TFL). I Iron deficiency anemia, causes of, diagnosis of, bone marrow biopsy in, 415 laboratory findings in, patient history in, 416 serum ferritin level in, iron and, iron metabolism and storage and, 415 prevalence of, 415 symptoms of, 415 treatment of, intravenous therapy for, 416 oral iron supplements for, 416 L Low-molecular-weight heparin(s), adverse effects of, 477 comparison with heparin,

5 Index 493 dosing of, monitoring of, anti-xa levels in, protamine reversal of, 477 Lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma. See Burkitt lymphoma. incidence of, transformation of indolent to aggressive form. See Transformed follicular lymphoma (TLF). WHO classification of, 447 P Pernicious anemia (autoimmune atropic gastritis), R Rivaroxaban, , 486 S Sickle cell anemia (SCA), acute chest syndrome in, 422 autosomal recessive genetic pattern in, 423 causes and risk factors for, 422 definition of, 421 folic acid supplements for, 424 genetics in, hemoglobin S in, hydroxyurea for, 422, 424 incidence and prevalence of, 422 pain in, 422 management of, 424 splenic sequestration in, 422 T Thrombocytopenia, definition of, 428 drug-induced, from chemotherapeutic agents, 431 from heparin therapy, 432 evaluation of, history in, 428 laboratory data in, physical examination in, 428 in disseminated coagulopathy, 431 in pregnancy, DIC in, 433 gestational, 432 HELLP syndrome in, in uremia, 432 platelets and, 427 platelets in, autoimmune syndromes and, bacterial, viral, and rickettsial infections and, 429 bone marrow suppression and, 429 decreased production of,

6 494 Index Thrombocytopenia (continued) increased destruction of, 429 in liver disease and chronic alcohol abuse, 430 malignancies and, 429 pulmonary emboli and, 431 radiotherapy effect on, 430 splenic sequestration of, 430 viral infections and, 429 pseudothrombocytopenia and, 429 Transformed follicular lymphoma (TFL), autologous stem cell treatment for, 454 classification of, 452 diagnosis on excisional or core needle biopsy, 453 evaluation of, 454 international prognostic index for, 453 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, prevalence of, 453 symptoms of, 453 genetic testing in, PET scan in, 454 U Uremia, thrombocytopenia in, 432 V Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) deficiency, causes of, malabsorption, 417 malnutrition, 417 clinical presentation of, megaloblastic anemia, 417 neuropsychiatric deficits in, 417 diagnosis of, homocysteine increase in, 418 laboratory findings in, 418 methylmalonic acid in, 418 patient history in, 418 in elderly persons, 417 neuropsychiatric deficits in, 417 treatment and, 418 treatment of, parenteral therapy for, 418