Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal tumors, in children, Alkalinization, in tumor lysis syndrome, 516 Allopurinol, in tumor lysis syndrome, 515 Anaphylaxis, drug hypersensitivity and, 564, 565 Anemia, acute blood loss in, 617 causes of, , 616 classification of, clinical presentation of, definition of, diagnostic studies in, differential diagnosis of, disposition in, epidemiology of, 615 erythropoiesis in, 614 hemoglobin and, 614 history taking in, in children, 625 in children with cancer, in patients with cancer, , 566 macrocytic, management plan in, microcytic, 620 normocytic, production abnormalities in, 614 signs and symptoms of, 617 Anticoagulants, reversal of, fresh frozen plasma in, 720 novel agents in, protamine sulfate in, 722 prothrombin complex concentrate in, recombinant Factor VII in, vitamin K in, Antihyperuricemic agents, in children, in tumor lysis syndrome, Antiplatelet reversal, 723 Antithrombotic medications, common, 718 Antithrombotic reversal agents, indications for, 715, 716 to prevent undesirable thrombosis, 717 Aplastic crisis, in sickle cell disease, 641 Emerg Med Clin N Am 32 (2014) /14/$ see front matter ª 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. emed.theclinics.com

2 740 B Bleeding, in hematologic malignancies, causes of, 586 principles of treatment of, Bleeding disorders, acquired, clinical assessment of, diagnostic testing in, 693 history and physical examination in, platelet inhibitor use and, congenital, coagulation cascade and, 675, 678 coagulation pathway and, 679, 680 diagnosis of, 679 disposition in, 686 emergency room presentation of, epidemiology of, 679 evaluation and management of, laboratory abnormalities in, 680 physiology and pathophysiology of, platelets and, , 677, 680 treatment options in, vasculature and, 674 Blood product transfusions, and reactions, adverse, allergic, incidence of, 730 cultural and religious considerations for, febrile nonhemolytic reactions to, 730 hemolytic reactions to, history of, 727 massive, in special situations, 736 Blood product(s), cryoprecipitate, 729 fresh frozen plasma, packed red blood cells, 728 platelets, 728 typing of, and antibodies, 729 Bone tumors, primary, in children, 531 Bowel perforation, in children with cancer, 536 Brain metastasis, C Cancer, in children. See Child(ren), with cancer. Cardiac death, sudden, chemotherapy agents associated with, 570 Cardiotoxicity, acute, chemotherapy agents associated with, 570 chemotherapy-induced, Cerebral herniation, in children with cancer, 535 Cerebrovascular accidents, in children with cancer, 544 in sickle cell disease, Chemotherapeutic agents, physiologic effects of, Chemotherapeutic medications, and their emergent complications, Chest syndrome, acute, in sickle cell disease,

3 741 Child(ren), abdominal tumors in, anemia in, 625 evaluation for malignancy in, immune thrombocytopenia purpura in, intracranial tumors in, leukemia in, 584, 585 treatment of, 591 oncologic disease in, delivery of diagnosis of, history and physical examination in, 528 oncologic emergencies in, primary bone tumors in, 531 with cancer, airway obstruction in, gastrointestinal emergencies in, hematologic emergencies in, infectious emergencies in, mechanical emergencies in, metabolic emergencies in, neurologic emergencies in, optimizing management of, tumor lysis syndrome in, types of, 529 Circulatory overload, transfusion-associated, 732, 733, 734 Clotting cascade, 693 Coagulation cascade, , 718 congenital bleeding disorders and, 675, 678 Coagulation cascade disorders, general principles of, in severe liver disease, 700 oral direct thrombin inhibitors and, oral factor Xa inhibitors and, parenteral factor Xa inhibitors and, vitamin K antagonists and, Coagulation factor inhibitors, acquired, 698 Coagulopathic complications, chemotherapy-related, of acute leukemia, Coagulopathy, acute traumatic, 699 disseminated intravascular, Coronary syndrome, acute, in sickle cell disease, 639 Cryoprecipitate, 729 D Dermatologic injury, after chemotherapy, 568 Disseminated intravascular coagulation, 665 coagulopathic complications in, in children with cancer, 539 Drug(s), extravasation of, 569 hypersensitivity, and anaphylaxis, 564, 565

4 742 E Electrolyte abnormalities, in tumor lysis syndrome, 516 Erythromelalgia, from polycythemia vera, 600, 601 Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma, features of, 532 F Factor Xa inhibitors, oral, coagulation cascade disorders and, parenteral, coagulation cascade disorders and, Febrile neutropenia, in children with cancer, Fever, and infection, in sickle cell disease, 637 neutropenic. See Neutropenic fever. Fresh frozen plasma, in anticoagulant reversal, 720 G Gastrointestial emergencies, in children with cancer, Graft-versus-host disease, transfusion-associated, 735 H Hematologic malignancies, bleeding in, causes of, 586 principles of treatment of, Hematopoiesis, 599 chemotherapy-induced disorders of, normal, 580 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low blood count, syndrome of, clinical presentation of, consultation and disposition in, diagnostic studies in, 662, 663 differential diagnosis of, etiology of, 661 management in, prognosis and complications of, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and, , Hemostasis, normal, 677 pathophysiology of, 691, Hemphilia, bleeding in, management of, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, , 697 Hypercalcemia of malignancy, clinical manifestations of, management of, pathophysiology of, pharmacologic therapies in, 521 Hyperleukocytosis, in children with cancer, Hyperviscosity/hyperleukocytosis, in acute leukemia, 588 Hyperviscosity syndrome, ,

5 743 I Immune thrombocytopenia, Immune thrombocytopenia purpura, clinical presentation of, 657 diagnostic studies in, 658 disposition in, 660 etiology of, 657 in children, management of, prognosis in, 660 Infection, gastrointestinal, in children with cancer, in children with cancer, 542 Intracranial tumors, in children, Intussusception, in children with cancer, 536 L Leukemia, acute, classification of, 581 coagulopathic complications of, complications of, emergency management of, diagnosis of, epidemiology of, 581 hyperviscosity/hyperleukocytosis in, 588 life-threating presentations of, pathophysiology of, prognosis in, 581 stem cell transplantation in, 591 treatment of, acute myelogenous, 579, initial presentation of, 583 treatment of, acute promyelocytic, initial presentation of, 584 treatment of, 590 acute promyelocytic differentiation syndrome, 592 chronic myelogenous, 602 physical examination in, 603, treatment and prognosis in, 608 in children, 584, 585 treatment of, 591 initial presentation of, lymphoblastic, 579, 582 initial presentation of, 584 treatment of, promyelocytic, 582 Liver disease, severe, coagulation cascade disorders and, Lung injury, acute, transfusion-related, , 734 M Mechanical emergencies, oncologic, Metabolic emergencies, oncologic,

6 744 Microangiopathies, thrombotic (TTP, HUS, HELLP), 571, Myelofibrosis, primary, 602 physical examination in, 603, treatment and prognosis in, 603, Myeloproliferative disorders, definitions of, 598 emergent complications and treatment of, 609 imaging in, 603 overlapping, genetic disturbances leading to, 600 physical examination in, problem of, N Nephropathy, in sickle cell disease, Neuroblastoma, 529, 530 Neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced, 570, 571 Neurotoxicity, chemotherapy agents causing, Neutropenic fever, antibiotic treatment in, causes of, , 557 definitions of, diagnostic testing in, disposition in, history and physical examination in, mortality associated with, 553 patients at risk for, 549 risk stratification in, 558, 559 syndromes of, 553 O Oncologic emergencies, pediatric, Osteonecrosis, in sickle cell disease, 640 Osteosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma, features of, 532 P Pain, in sickle cell disease, , 641 Pediatric oncologic emergencies, Pericardial tamponade, Platelet disorders, 693 Platelet inhibitors, Platelets, as blood products, 728 Polycythemia vera, erythromelalgia from, 600, 601 physical examination in, 602, treatment and prognosis in, Priapism, in sickle cell disease, 640 Protamine sulfate, in anticoagulant reversal, 720 Prothrombin complex concentrate, in anticoagulant reversal, Pulmonary embolism, in sickle cell disease, 639

7 745 Pulmonary hypertension, in sickle cell disease, 637, 638 Pulsus paradoxus, how to check, 497 R Rasuricase, in tumor lysis syndrome, Recombinant Factor VII, in anticoagulant reversal, Renal disease, bleeding tendency in, 693 Renal failure, acute, and dialysis, in tumor lysis syndrome, Retinoblastoma, 529 Retinopathy, proliferative, in sickle cell disease, 640 S Seizures, in children with cancer, Sepsis, transfusion-associated, and infection transmission, Sickle cell disease, clinical presentation of, epidemiology of, genotypes and phenotypes of, 632 history of, 630 in emergency department, pathophysiology of, 630, 631 treatment of, Spinal cord compression, malignant, in children with cancer, Splenic sequestration, in sickle cell disease, 640 Stem cell transplantation, in acute anemia, 591 Stool patterns, altered, in children with cancer, 536 Superior vena cava syndrome, in children with cancer, 534 Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, in children with cancer, 542, 543 T Thrombin inhibitors, oral direct, coagulation cascade disorders and, Thrombocytopenia, chemotherapy-induced, definition of, 650 differential diagnosis of, essential, physical examination in, 602, 604 heparin-induced, 697 in children with cancer, platelet transfusion in, Thrombolytic reversal, Thrombosis, in children with cancer, 539 Thrombotic microangiopathies (TTP, HUS, HELLP), 571, Thrombotic thrombocytopenia, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome, , clinical presentation of, complications of,

8 746 Thrombotic (continued ) diagnostic studies in, disposition in, 656 etiology of, 652, 653 in pregnancy, 654 laboratory values in, 654 management plan in, prognosis of, 655 Tumor lysis syndrome, , acute renal failure and dyalysis in, 516, 517 Cairo-Bishop classification of, , 512 clinical manifestations of, definition of, 510 hyperkalemia in, 511, 516 hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcemia in, 513, 516 hyperuricemia in, 513 in children, antihyperuricemia agents in, in children with cancer, management of, 514 hydration of, 515 pathogenesis of, 511 risk factors for development of, U Urate oxidase, recombinant, in tumor lysis syndrome, V Vaso-occlusive crisis, in sickle cell disease, Vitamin K, in anticoagulant reversal, Vitamin K antagonists, coagulation cascade disorders and, von Willebrand disease, , 678 emergency roon presentation of, 682 inhibitors of, 685 management of, W Warfarin, drug-drug and drug-diet interactions, 701 over-anticoagulation, treatment of, 719 reversal of, guidelines for, 702 Wilms tumor, 530