Michihiro TANAKA,MD.Ph.D. Kameda Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery Service de neuroanatomie et therapeutic neuroangiographie

Transcription

1 Michihiro TANAKA,MD.Ph.D. Kameda Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery Service de neuroanatomie et therapeutic neuroangiographie

2 Buccopharyngeal membrane FGF8 Nodal Lefty2 Neural tube Nodal Node Lefty 1 PITX2 Nodal NKX3.2 Notochord (SHH, T) FGF8 A Cloacal membrane B Node (FGF8) Figure 4.9 Dorsal views of the germ disc showing gene expression patterns respon-

3 Neural crest Dorsal root ganglion A Sympathetic ganglion Developing suprarenal gland Preaortic ganglion Enteric ganglia B C Urogenital ridge

4

5 1 Prosencephalon 2 Mesencephalon 3 Rhombencephalon 4 Optic vesicle 5 Rhombomeres 6 Cephalic flexure 7Cervicalflexure 8 Optic cup 9Cerebralhemisphere 10 Diencephalon 11 Hemispheric sulcus 12 Epiphysis 13 Cerebellum 14 Metencephalon 15 Myelencephalon 16 Pontine flexure 17 Infundibulum II, V etc. Cranial nerves

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13 Figure. Fundamental morphological units in the vertebrate brain. Puelles L et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (2001)

14 lateral surface midsagittal Basic organization of the brain gyri Red lines indicate the constant arrangement of the brain gyri.

15 6W 8W 14W neopallium foramen monro 20 40W

16 gyrus unit Genetics and the making of Homo sapiens Carroll SB. Nature 2003

17 Superior frontal gyrus における superselective angiography cortico-medullary arteryがu-fiberをにより屈曲している様子が分かる sulcus単位では arteryはdescending sulcal segment とascending sulcal segment が gyrus単位ごとに認められるが cortical venous systemでは 隣接する2つのgyrusの ascending sulcal veinが合流し 1本のcortical veinとなる それゆえ sulcal typeのavm では terminal feederは常に2本あるが initial draining veinは1本である Fig.16

18 terminal feeder draining vein arterial phase capillary phase superior temporal sulcal AVM superior temporal sulcus AVM sulcal type AVM terminal feeder 2 drainer sulcus 1 glue draining vein nidus AVM

19 A Diagram of the embryonic formation of the deep vascular pattern in the central region: arteries cross the suici obliquely, the pressure of neighboring developing areas leads to typical secondary deformations: a retrograde obliquity in depth (postcentral gyrus covers part of the precentral) and the formation of the genu inferior within the originally straight central sulcus, continuing the process of lower frontal infolding. Yasarigil MG. Microneurosurgery Vol.IIIA 1987

20 Vascular patters relating to the sulcus on neopallium lateral oblique Inferior frontal sulcus AP

21 lateral AP Posterior intraparietal sulcus lateral oblique Superior temporal sulcus AP

22 lateral AP lateral AP upper precentral sulcus Central sulcus (Rolandica)

23 lateral AP lateral AP Superior frontal sulcus Central sulcus (Rolandic) venous sysem

24 Central sulcal AVM (Rolandic AVM) superselective angiography ACA superior frontal sulcus pars posterior descending sulcal segment precentral sulcus ascending sulcal segment precentral gyrus central sulcs terminal feeder

25 Puelles, Schuurman histogenetic units Economo map

26 1924 Economo

27 XII XIII XIV XV XVI XI X IX VIII VII VI V IV III II I Schuurmans C, et al. Molecular mechanisms underlying cell fate specification in the developing telencephalon. Curr Opin Neurobiol 12, insular cortex lateral pallium Neuronal migration 16 histogenetic units

28 XII XIII XIV XV XVI XI X IX VIII VII VI V IV III II I Histogenetic Units (HU) HU Gli3, Emx1/2, Ngn1/2,Pax6 gene expression GABA, cholinergic neurotransmitter

29 Histogenetic units21 gene marker Jules-Bernard Luys 1865 fiber architectonics neopallium 16