GQ: What composes the nervous system?
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1 GQ: What composes the nervous system? Nervous system: Function: 1. monitors changes a. inside body b. outside body } of sensory input via sensory receptors def 2. processes info and decides what to that moment = integration def 3. effecting a response = motor output
2 Majority of work that we know is due to the work done on the giant squid! this is just a small one! tap here
3 Organization: 1. CNSconsists of: -spinal column -brain homonculus? 2. PNS a-consists of: 1-spinal nerves 2-cranial nerves b-subdivisions 1-sensory (afferent) division cause opposite effects 2-motor (efferent) division -2 subdivisionsa. somatic n.s(vol.n.s) -vol. control of skeletal muscle b.autonomic n.s (invol ns) -controls smooth, cardiac & glands 2 DIVISIONS- [ Big Bang Theory? 1. sympathetic 2. parasympathetic
4 Human Anatomy & Physiology Nervous system quiz #1 Name: Date: 1. What are the 2 major divisions of the nervous system? (2pt) 2. What are the subdivisions of the efferent? (2pt) Provide examples of each. (2pt) 3. The process that is all accomplished in the brain where many, many neurons work together to understand the environment is called. (1pt) 4. What is the function of the nervous system? (3pt)
5 The cells: structure and function 1. Neuron- (w/ parts)? move nissl bodies or RER provide the grey color (grey matter)? move nucleolus classif. depends on the # of processes no centrioles! So what does that mean? Classification (structural) of neurons: -multipolar (C) -bipolar (B) -unipolar (A)
6 Classification (functional) of neurons -Sensory neurons Somatic a. external receptors touch, sight, smell and hearing b. proprioceptors- monitor pos. of skeletal muscle/joints c. visceral receptor (internal) monitor: digestion, resp. cardio, urinary, sensations (taste, deep pressure, pain)
7 Classification of neurons (functional) cont... -Motor neurons- convey from CNS to effector -Interneuron- synapse only w/ other neurons, integrate sensory w/ motor output pg 251 Arrangement of neurons: 1. convergent circuit- allows for integration of info from many sources remember integration? cat experiment 2. divergent circuit- transmits info from single source to several parts of brain. 3. reverberating circuit- thought to be used in memory
8 Supporting cells- (neuroglia/glia) -most #'s -repair CNS -secrete blood brain barrier chem. -protect -engulf waste -small # -smallest -line spine and ventricles -make CS fluid purple cell -form myelin sheath CNS -form myelin sheath PNS support cell in PNS
9 February 10, 2013 integration of skeletal with nervous!
10 How does all of this anatomy work together? pg 247 Continuous vs. Propagations Saltatory Dora = Salta! Look at Anatomy of the two!
11 Action potentials (-55mV) all neurons will have the same size "spike" there is no greater or lesser AP ~ "All Or None" -70mV= 70mV < than the outside charge, charge due to neg. protein Breakdown of "Spike" click you need enough of a stimulation to get by the goes w/ propagations on last page vs. resting state hyperpolarization{ overview! (goto Nervous (How it works) INTERACTIVE more neg. due to influx of K
12 Neurotransmitters: overview of some types: -ACh- most common, excit & inhib. pg side bar South Top 40 - "put some ACh into it" -Biogenic amines: ex. dopamine from tyrosine rewards you- aids in pleasure serotonin from tryptophan (gobble gobble) makes you ruffle you feathers to make you the dominant one in the room ex. epinephrine- inc. supply of O 2 & glucose to brain and muscle tissue, inc. heart rate, constricts blood vessels but dilates airways (aids in "fight or flight") Gasses: NO- nitric oxide, blood vessel dilation ex. Heart nitroglycerin broken into NO and reduces angina symptoms Once its done its job! -- STOPPING NEUROTRANSMITTERS (inactivation)- how to 1. diffusion- it leaves the synapse 2. enzyme degradation- shape changing the nt. so the receptor won't recognize ex. ACh into acetic acid and choline 3. Glial cells -astrocyte remove nt from synapse 4. reuptake- presynaptic terminal takes it back in
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