Index. Index 439. Aequorin, 84, 94 Affinity precipitation, 372, AP-1, 100 Asthma, 170, 305

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1 Index 439 Index A Aequorin, 84, 94 Affinity precipitation, 372, AP-1, 100 Asthma, 170, 305 B Bioassay, 185, comparison with ELISA, 318 GM-CSF bioassay, 351 IL-2 bioassay, , 300 IL-3 IL-6 IL-8 bioassay, 350 IL-15 bioassay, interleukins in synovial fluid, TNF Blister fluids, 313, collection, cytokine concentrations in, 319 passage of molecules into, pathological, 313 suction blister fluids, 315 Bradford assay, 404 Breast cancer, 207 Brefeldin A, 44 Bullous dermatoses, C C/EBP, 100 Celiac disease, 67 Cerebrospinal fluid, 337, 338, assaying interleukins in, Circadian rhythmicity in cytokine levels, , see also Interleukins Chemiluminescence, Chemokines, 125, 129, 138 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 305 Confocal microscopy, CRE, 100 CTLL-2 cells, , effect of cryopreservation, 192 sensitivity over time, 191 Cystic fibrosis, 305 D Depressive illness, 217, cytokine levels, E Electrophoresis, 103, 107 Electroporation, 386, 401 ELISA, 3 15, assaying IL-8, comparison with bioassay, 318 history, 3, mrna ELISAs, 13 overview, 3 5 reagent suppliers, 13 sandwich ELISA, 6 13, substrates, 12 ELISPOT, 17 28, 29 39, dual color analysis, enumeration of interleukin-secreting cells, principals,

2 440 Index stardust assay, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, see ELISA F FACS, see Flow cytometry Flash-type bioluminescence, 83 97, advantages, as an alternative to radioactive methodologies, 94 bioluminescent hybridization assays, principals of, Flow cytometry, 41 48, assaying intracellular interleukins, 41 48, principals, 41 websites, 43 G G-CSF, 129 Gene arrays, see Microarrays Glycoslation analysis, 404 GM-CSF, 164, 346, bioassay, 351 Grave s disease, , assaying interleukins in, Green fluorescent protein, applications in cell signaling, H Hyopthalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, 217 I Interleukins, Interleukin-1 (IL-1), 129, 157, 163, bioassay, 299, membrane bioassay, 299 circadian variation in IL-1, in depression, , in seminal plasma, , 297, 299, 330, 324 single nucleotide polymorphism in IL-1 Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), 129, in seminal plasma, 293, 295 Interleukin-2 (IL-2), 34, 90 92, 163, , 193, assaying by bioassay, , 300 assaying by ELISPOT stardust assay, 34 assaying by flash-type bioluminescence, in depression, 218, 221, 222, 226 signal transduction, Interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, 150, 152, 163, circadian variation, 164 Interleukin-3 (IL-3), 253, Interleukin-4 (IL-4), 20, 157, 164, assaying by ELISPOT stardust assay, 34 Interleukin-5 (IL-5), 20, 164,

3 Index 441 in sputum, 305, 307 use of proteases to improve recovery, 307, 311 Interleukin-6 (IL-6), , , , 163, 164, circadian variation, ELISA, in breast cancer, in depressive illness, 218, 221, 222, 225 in seminal plasma, 293, 295, 297, 299, 329 in tears, 346 mrna detection using Xplore assay, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), 129, assaying IL-8, bioassay, 350 in sputum, 305 in tears, 346, 350, 351 roles, Interleukin-10 (IL-10), 20, 157, 164, in psoriasis, in seminal plasma, Interleukin-12 (IL-12), 129, 157, in seminal plasma, Interleukin-13 (IL-13), 253, activation of phosphoinositide-3- kinase by, 363, 365 Interleukin-15 (IL-15), , assaying by ELISA, 194, assaying by RT-PCR, bioassay, Interleukin-17 (IL-17), 396 Interleukin-18 (IL-18), 157, Immunoaffinity-receptor affinity chromatography, , column construction, 145, 149 fluorochrome labeling of samples, 150 principles, 145 Immunoassays, 263 history of, interleukins in synovial fluid, Immunohistochemistry, embedding, 159 fixation, 160 staining of cells in tissue culture, 160, tissue processing, 159 Interferon-, 67, 163, detection by quantitative RT-PCR in celiac disease, 67 detection by RNAse protection, 129 circadian variation, J J774 cells, 121 L Luminometry, Lyophilization, 405 M MCP-1, 328

4 442 Index M-CSF, 328, assaying in cerebrospinal fluid, Messenger RNA, see mrna Mononuclear cells, 21 23, mucosal mononuclear cells: isolation, separation from PBMCs, 21, Microarrays, , commercially available arrays, comparison of gene array techniques, 422 cdna arrays, , principal of assay, hybridization, overview of cdna array for cytokine detection, 421 quantification, 434 types of DNA arrays, 420 Migraine, 268, assaying interleukins in, recruitment of patients, mrna, 51 52, measurement by nonradioactive Northern blotting, measurement by RNAse protection assay, preparation of digoxigenin-labeled probes, 102, 106 quantitation by flash-type bioluminescence, standards for quantification of cytokines, 65 total RNA extraction, 51, 63 64, 68 69, design of probes, 116 from biopsy material, 63 from cartilage, 102, 105 from cells in culture, 101, 104 from skin, 243, 246 from synovial membranes, 101, mechanism, 113 preparation of standards, 114 Xplore assay, Myocardial infarction, acute, 273 role of interleukins, testing strategy for interleukins, 275 N NFAT, 100 NF- B, 100 NK cells, 170 Northern blotting, , hybridization and detection, 108 nonradioactive detection method, P Peritoneal fluids, , assaying cytokines in, sample collection, 286 Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, 357, assays, classes, Phosphotyrosine analysis, 373 Phosphospecific antibodies, Preanalytical factors in interleukin assays, 276 Psoriasis, 239, assaying interleukins in, cytokine concentration in sera, 319 Q Quantitative RT-PCR, 56, 59 76, standards used, 66 principals, R Ras, affinity precipitation of, Recombinant cytokine protein production, , use of Pichia pastoris, , cytokines produced, 394

5 Index 443 Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, see RT-PCR RNAse protection assay, , advantages of multiprobe method, 125 analysis of results, cdna template sets, 129 detection by chemiluminescence, comparison with direct methods, 126 overview, 127 psoralen-biotin labeling of RNA, RT-PCR, 49 58, advantages, 50 PCR reaction, primer design, principals, 49 quantitative RT-PCR, see Quantitative RT-PCR single cell RT-PCR, S Seminal plasma, , 297 Shaw-Kamen instability sequences, 101 Single nucleotide polymorphisms, 409, detection by allelic discrimination, definition, 409 in IL-1 gene, , probes for analysis, SNPs, see Single nucleotide polymorphisms Sputum, 305, assaying interleukins in, , processing, 305 use of proteases to improve recovery, 307 STATs, affinity precipitation of, 373, Synovial fluid, , assaying interleukins in, bioassays for interleukins, cytokine levels in arthritis, 328 immunoassays for interleukins, 330, 331 Taqman analysis, Tears, 345, assaying interleukins in, collection of, Th1 cells, 164, 166, 285, 288 Th2 cells, 164, 166, 285, 288 Th3 cells, 286 TNF, 47, , 163, assaying intracellularly, 47 assaying mrna using Xplore assay, circadian variation in p75 receptor, 164 in depressive illness, , 228 in seminal plasma, , , 330, 333, 334 Tumor necrosis factor, see TNF TGF-, 20, 163, Transforming growth factor-, see TGF- W Western blotting, Whole blood assay for cytokines, X Xplore assays, , design of probes, 116 mechanism, 113 preparation of standards, 114

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