ADDENDUM. Submitted to: CPV Valley, LLC 35 Braintree Hill Office Park Braintree, MA Submitted by:

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1 ADDENDUM ADDITIONAL PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE PROPOSED CPV VALLEY ENERGY CENTER AND TRANSMISSION CORRIDORS TOWN OF WAWAYANDA ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK Submitted to: CPV Valley, LLC 35 Braintree Hill Office Park Braintree, MA Submitted by: TRC, INC Chevrolet Drive Ellicott City, Maryland Timothy R. Sara, Principal Investigator Authored by Timothy R. Sara and Patrick Walters October 2009 ix

2 ADDENDUM SUMMARY At the request of the New York Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (OPRHP), TRC conducted additional Phase I archaeological survey on two archaeological sites ( and ) which were recorded in August 2008 as part of a Phase IB archaeological survey of an approximate 45-acre parcel in the Town of Wawayanda, Orange County, New York. The work was conducted in support of environmental permitting associated with the planned development and construction of the CPV Valley Energy Center which will include a main facility, laydown areas, overhead electrical transmission corridor (two options), and an underground interconnect to connect generated electrical power to existing utilities. The survey was performed in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and in conformance with guidelines set forth by the OPRHP. The additional Phase I fieldwork consisted of systematic excavation of standard shovel tests established on a 10-m grid superimposed over the two previously recorded sites. In total, 44 additional shovel tests were excavated; 19 at site and 25 at site. As a result of additional fieldwork, three positive shovel tests containing three bifacial thinning flakes (two chert and one siltstone) were recovered from site, and four positive shovel tests containing six pieces of possible debitage (shatter), all derived from poor-quality field chert, were recovered from site. All artifacts were recovered from a former plowzone and from no deeper than 24 cm below ground surface. No formal tools or diagnostic artifacts, or concentrations of artifacts were recovered and there was no evidence of cultural material in subplowzone deposits. Both sites consist of small, low-density lithic scatters indicative of use of the area for resource extraction and subsistence activities likely during the Late Archaic period. The lithic material recovered consists predominately of chert debitage associated with expedient stone tool manufacture and maintenance using locally available raw materials. Each site is considered ephemeral in nature, has a relative paucity of material remains, and low probability for recovering additional materials that would change our interpretation of site function and activities, or add to our knowledge of local and regional prehistory. As such, neither site is recommended as eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. No further archaeological study is recommended. i

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ADDENDUM SUMMARY... i I. INTRODUCTION... 2 II. SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS PHASE I WORK... 5 Site (Survey Area 9)... 5 Site (Survey Area 6)... 5 III. ADDITIONAL WORK - FIELD METHODS AND RESULTS... 7 Field Methods... 7 Field Results... 7 Site... 7 Site... 9 IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDICES: A: Artifact Inventory From Additional Phase I Work B: Additional Shovel Test Data from Recorded Sites LIST OF FIGURES 1-1 CPV Valley Energy project location, Orange County, New York minute USGS Middletown Quadrangle showing Phase I survey areas Aerial showing location of sites and Survey Area 6 showing previous Phase I work, site Survey Area 9 showing previous Phase I work, site Site plan showing additional Phase I work Site representative soil profiles from additional work Site plan showing additional Phase I work Site representative soil profiles from additional work ii

4 I. INTRODUCTION This document consists of an Addendum to the previously submitted Phase IA/IB report titled Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Proposed CPV Valley Energy Center, Wawayanda, Orange County, New York. The Phase IA/IB survey was conducted as part of a permit application associated with construction of the proposed CPV Valley Energy Center located in the Town of Wawayanda, Orange County, New York (Figures 1-1 and 1-2). The work was conducted by TRC Environmental, Inc. (TRC), on behalf of CPV Valley, LLC, in order to identify and record all archaeological sites located within the construction impact areas of the proposed project. The project will consist of the construction and operation of a 630MW natural gas combined cycle electric generating facility and associated transmission line that will link to existing nearby utility infrastructure. The original study area consists of approximately 45 acres within a larger, irregularly shaped, 122-acre parcel of former agricultural land and forested areas. Figure 4-1: CPV Valley Energy project location, Orange County, New York. As a result of the result of the original Phase I survey, four newly recorded prehistoric archaeological sites (,, A and A ) and five isolated finds (A , A , A , A , and A ) were identified. The New York Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP) reviewed the Draft Technical Report and provided comments to TRC in a letter dated December 23, The OPRHP indicated in their letter that they did not have sufficient information on two of the sites ( and ) to concur with a recommendation of non-eligibility and no further work. OPRHP recommended that Phase II testing be conducted on both sites. Upon further discussion with the TRC Principal Investigator, the OPRHP agreed that a Phase II study would not be necessary if closer-interval shovel tests were to be excavated within the site areas to ascertain that there were no concentrations of subsurface artifacts undetected in the Phase I survey. The OPRHP indicated that the results of the additional Phase I fieldwork could be submitted to the OPRHP as an Addendum to the Phase I report, which following review, could be incorporated in the Final Phase I Report. The additional Phase I work on sites and was conducted between September 18 and 20, 2009 by TRC Field Director Patrick Walters and TRC Field Technician Ann Wittman, under the overall direction of Timothy Sara, RPA, TRC Principal Investigator. The following report summarizes the previous work on sites and and presents the field methods and results of the additional Phase I fieldwork and provides conclusion and recommendations. Appendix A consists of the complete inventory of artifacts recovered from the additional work. Appendix B contains soil descriptions from additional shovel tests excavated at the two sites. 2

5 Figure 1-2: 7.5-minute USGS Middletown Quadrangle showing Phase I survey areas, shown on USGS 7.5-Minute Series, Middletown, NY Quadrangle map. 3

6 Figure 1-3: Aerial showing location of sites and Note: Photo angles are from original Phase I report. 4

7 II. SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS PHASE I WORK Site (Survey Area 9) Survey Area 9, where site was originally identified, was a 7-acre parcel located in the southeastern corner of the project area bordering Interstate 84 to the south (Figure 2-1). Soils in the survey area are mapped as ninety-eight percent somewhat poorly drained Rhinebeck silt loam and two percent very poorly drained Madalin silt loam. During the Phase I survey, a total of 109 shovel tests were excavated in the survey area; 76 along eleven north-south transects, and 33 site delineation shovel tests. As a result, one prehistoric archaeological site and one isolated find were identified. The site designated (35-x-70 m [116-x-231 ft]) was identified from shovel tests G-5, H-6, and K-1, which yielded chert bifacial thinning flakes. Additional delineation shovels tests at the time of Phase I survey yielded one piece of chert shatter, one decortication flake, and one biface thinning flake. The isolated find consisted of a single chert biface thinning flake recovered from shovel test C- 5. Site (Survey Area 6) Survey Area 6, where site was originally identified, corresponded to a former agricultural field supporting tall grasses in the southwestern portion of the project area (Figure 2-2). Soils in the survey area are mapped as eightyseven percent somewhat excessively drained Hoosic gravely sandy loam and thirteen percent poorly drained Raynham silt loam. During the Phase I survey, the area was surveyed with sixteen north-south transects. In total, 72 shovel tests were excavated, five of which were positive, yielding six prehistoric artifacts. One prehistoric archaeological site () measuring 35-x-85 m (116- x-280 ft) was identified based on the recovery of five chert biface thinning flakes and one piece of chert shatter. Figure 2-1: Survey Area 9 showing previous Phase I work, site. 5

8 Figure 2-2: Survey Area 6 showing previous Phase I work, site. 6

9 III. ADDITIONAL WORK - FIELD METHODS AND RESULTS Field Methods In September 2009, TRC conducted additional Phase I fieldwork at two previously identified sites ( and ) within the project area. The sites were subjected to closer interval subsurface testing in order to augment the findings of the initial Phase I survey. Field methods consisted of the excavation of shovel tests at 10-m intervals (or less) within and adjacent to the established site boundaries. In order to maximize the coverage of the field survey, the original Phase I grid was re-established during the additional work. Shovel tests were excavated both within the site boundaries and on the exterior of the boundaries in order to more completely delineate each site and examine for possible concentrations of artifacts. All shovel tests received individual northing and easting coordinates, in correlation with the established Phase I grid. Shovel tests measured 40 cm in diameter and were excavated by natural or cultural horizons until sterile soils (Pleistocene-age deposits) were reached. Soils were screened through ¼ inch hardware cloth, and profiles were described using Munsell color charts and USDA texture classification schemes. All soil profiles were recorded on standardized field forms. In total, 19 shovel tests were excavated at site, and 25 shovel tests were excavated at site. Recovered artifacts were bagged according to shovel test stratum. Field crew recorded the results of individual shovel tests on standardized field forms. The Field Director recorded daily notes describing the progress of the survey in terms of the number of shovel tests excavated, area surveyed, and pertinent environmental information. Recovered artifacts were assigned a unique catalog number used for laboratory tracking. Field Results Site The original Phase I survey documented site as a small prehistoric lithic scatter identified in Survey Area 9 in an open meadow on gently sloping topography approximately 250 ft north Interstate 84 at an elevation of 476 ft amsl. The original site dimensions were recorded as 35-x-70 m (116-x-231 ft). In total, seven lithic artifacts, consisting of two pieces of chert shatter, four chert bifacial thinning flakes, and one chert decortication flake were recovered from five original Phase I positive shovel tests excavated at the site. All artifacts recovered were from the plowzone to a maximum depth of 26 cm below ground surface. At the time of the additional work, the site area was a low-lying fallow agricultural field with moderate growth ground vegetation. A small wetland was noted approximately 25 m west of the western boundary of the site. This small wetland appeared to be a water collection area within the open field. Once the original Phase I shovel test grid was reestablished, additional shovel testing at site consisted of the excavation of 19 additional shovel tests at 10 m intervals or less (Figure 3-1). In addition to the seven artifacts recovered from the Phase I survey, three additional positive shovel tests yielded a total of three artifacts, consisting of pieces of debitage, including two chert biface thinning flake and one siltstone biface thinning flake. All artifacts were recovered from the Ao plow zone horizon to a maximum depth of 25 cm below ground surface. Soils within site are mapped as somewhat poorly drained Rhinebeck silt loam (Ra). Shovel test N995 E1015, excavated approximately 5 m southeast of positive Phase I shovel test N1000 E1010, revealed a yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty loam Ao horizon to a depth of 20 cm, underlain by a brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty clay weathered B horizon (Figure 3-2). A small reduction flake was recovered within the Ao horizon of shovel test N995 E1015. The recorded soil profile is typical of the remainder of shovel tests excavated throughout the eastern half of the site. Shovel test E995 revealed a dark yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty loam Ao horizon to a depth of 25 cm, underlain by a brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty clay mottled with a gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay. Shovel tests located along the western boundary of the site exhibited the same characteristics as shovel test E995. 7

10 The original site boundaries were confirmed as a result of additional testing. No diagnostic artifacts or concentrations of artifacts were recovered and no evidence of subplow zone cultural material was identified. Representative soil profiles are shown in Figure 3-2, and shovel test summaries from the site are provided in Appendix B. Site is interpreted as a short-term, single component camp or special purpose area used for tool maintenance and processing of subsistence resources during the Late Archaic period. Figure 3-1: Survey Area 9 showing previous Phase I work, site. 8

11 Site Figure Site representative soil profiles from additional work Figure 3-2. Site representative soil profile from additional work Site Site was originally recorded as a low-density prehistoric lithic scatter identified in Survey Area 6 in the west-central portion of the project area in an open grassy field. The site had maximum dimensions of 35-x-85 m (116- x-280 ft) and was located approximately 205 m south of Carpenter Creek at an elevation of elevation of 475 ft amsl. A total of six lithic artifacts were recovered from five original Phase I positive shovel tests excavated at the site. The artifacts consisted of one piece of chert shatter and five chert biface thinning flakes. All artifacts were recovered from the plowzone to a maximum depth of 30 cm below ground surface. At the time of the additional fieldwork the site area was a fallow, grassy agricultural field with low ground vegetation. A small ephemeral stream bed was noted inside the tree line approximately 20 m north of the site. Once the original Phase I shovel test grid was re-established, additional Phase I shovel testing at site consisted of the excavation of 25 additional shovel tests at 10-m intervals or less (Figure 3-3). Shovel tests excavated in the site area exhibited increasing amounts of unsorted gravel content within the weathered B horizon (subsoil) approaching the western side of the site. This area corresponded to a slight landform rise (1 1 ½ ft.) on the slightly sloping landscape. Soils in this area were more compact, yet better drained than the low-lying area approaching the ephemeral stream to the north. In addition to the six artifacts recovered from the Phase I survey, five additional positive shovel tests yielded a total of six lithic artifacts, all identified as possible shatter of poor quality chert fieldstone. The recovered artifacts are similar in size and composition to the artifacts recovered during the original Phase I survey. All artifacts were recovered from the Ao plowzone horizon to a maximum depth of 24 cm below ground surface. 9

12 Soils within site are mapped as poorly drained Hoosic gravely sandy loam (HoA). Shovel test E990, excavated 10 m south of positive Phase I shovel test N1000 E990, revealed a dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/3) sandy silty loam Ao horizon to a depth of 21 cm underlain by a yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay weathered B horizon which included large comprising approximately 50 percent of the overall soil matrix. A single piece of possible chert shatter was recovered within the Ao horizon within shovel test E990. The recorded soil profile was typical of the remainder of the site area. The original site boundaries were confirmed as a result of additional testing. No diagnostic artifacts or concentrations of artifacts were recovered and there was no evidence of sub-plow zone cultural material. Representative soil profiles are Figure 3-3: Survey Area 6 showing previous Phase I work, site. shown in Figure 3-4 and shovel test summaries from the site are provided in Appendix B. Site is interpreted as a short-term, single component camp or resource use area utilized for tool maintenance and processing of food resources likely during the Late Archaic period. Figure Site representative soil profiles from additional work. Figure 3-4. Site representative soil profile from additional work 10

13 IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Site A Site A consists of a 35-x-70 m (116-x-231-ft) prehistoric lithic scatter located in an open meadow on gently sloping terrain. During the original Phase I survey, seven lithic artifacts, consisting of two pieces of chert shatter, four chert bifacial thinning flakes, and one chert decortication flake were recovered from five positive shovel tests excavated at the site. During the additional work, 19 shovel tests excavated in the site area yielded three pieces of debitage, consisting of two bifacial thinning flakes and one biface reduction flake. No clusters or concentrations of artifacts indicative of a focused activity area were identified. All artifacts were recovered from the plowzone to a maximum depth of 26 cm below ground surface. No diagnostic artifacts were recovered and no evidence of subplowzone cultural deposits was identified. The additional Phase I work at site did not change the original interpretation of the site. It likely represents a short-term, single component camp or special purpose area used for tool maintenance and processing of subsistence resources likely during the Late Archaic period. The site is considered ephemeral in nature, has a relative paucity of material remains, and low probability for recovery of additional materials that would change our interpretation of site function or add to our knowledge of local or regional prehistory. The site is recommended as ineligible for inclusion in the National Register under Criterion D, and no further work is recommended. Site A Site A consists of a 35-x-85 m (116-x-280 ft) prehistoric lithic scatter located in an open grassy agricultural field on gently sloping terrain. The original Phase I survey recovered six lithic artifacts from five positive shovel tests excavated at the site. The artifacts consisted of one piece of chert shatter and five chert biface thinning flakes. All artifacts were recovered from the plow zone to a maximum depth of 30 cm below ground surface. During the secondary Phase I work, 25 shovel tests excavated in the site area yielded five lithic artifacts, consisting of five pieces of possible shatter of poor quality field chert. No clusters or concentrations of artifacts indicative of a focused activity area were identified. All artifacts were recovered from the plowzone to a maximum depth of 24 cm below ground surface. No diagnostic artifacts were recovered and no evidence of subplowzone cultural deposits was identified. The additional Phase I work at site did not change the current interpretation of the site. It likely represents a short-term, single component camp or special purpose area used for tool maintenance and processing of subsistence resources during the Late Archaic period. The site is considered ephemeral in nature, has a relative paucity of material remains, and low probability for recovery of additional materials that would change our interpretation the site function or our knowledge of local or regional prehistory. The site is recommended as ineligible for inclusion in the National Register under Criterion D, and no further work is recommended. 11

14 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT INVENTORY FROM ADDITIONAL PHASE I WORK CPV VALLEY ENERGY CENTER 12

15 Phase Site Number Site Name New Area designation Add. I CPV-1 9 Add. I CPV-1 9 Add. I CPV-1 9 Add. I CPV-2 6 Add. I CPV-2 6 Add. I CPV-2 6 Add. I CPV-2 6 Exc. Unit # N995 E1015 N1010 E1020 N1010 E1030 E1010 N1010 E1010 E990 E1025 Strat/ level Additional Prov. Info (Depth) Artifact Class Artifact type I 0-20 cm Prehistoric Lithic Chert 1 I 0-23 cm Prehistoric Lithic Chert 1 I 0-22 cm Prehistoric Lithic Chert 1 I 0-22 cm Prehistoric Lithic Chert 1 I 0-24 cm Prehistoric Lithic Chert 1 I 0-21 cm Prehistoric Lithic Chert 2 I 0-22 cm Prehistoric Lithic Chert 2 Material Count Comments Biface thinning flake Biface Reduction flake Cortical Reduction flake Possible shatter Possible shatter Possible shatter Possible shatter 13

16 APPENDIX B ADDITIONAL SHOVEL TEST DATA FROM RECORDED SITES 14

17 Site # STP# N980 E995 N1020 E980 E995 N1030 E995 Total Depth (cm) 38 cm 28 cm 35 cm Soil Description by Strata 0-28 Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y m/w Gr, Si Cl 0-18 Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y m/w Gr, Si Cl 0-25 Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y m/w Gr, Si Cl 0-22 Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y, Si Cl Artifact Summary N1030 E cm 0-23 Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y, Si Cl N995 E cm 0-25 Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y, Si Cl One Chert Biface Thinning Flake N1010 E Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y, Si Cl N980 E cm 0-23 Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y, Si Cl E Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y, Si Cl N1015 E Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y, Si Cl N1000 E cm 0-23 Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y, Si Cl N1010 E1030 N1030 E1030 N1000 E1030 N1020 E1040 N1015 E1040 N1020 E1045 N1015 E cm 33 cm 30 cm 36 cm 34 cm 0-20 Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y, Si Cl 0-5 Br, Si Lo 5-22 Br Y, Si Br Y, Si Cl 0-23 Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y, Si Cl 0-4 Br, Si Lo 4-20 Br Y, Si Br Y, Si Cl 0-7 Br, Si Lo 7-26 Br Y, Si Br Y, Si Cl 0-5 Br, Si Lo 5-22 Br Y, Si Br Y, Si Cl 0-5 Br, Si Lo 5-24 Br Y, Si Br Y, Si Cl One Siltstone Biface Thinning Flake One Chert Biface Thinning Flake 15

18 Site # STP# Total Depth (cm) Soil Description by Strata Artifact Summary E1040 N970 E960 E960 N1015 E970 N970 E980 E980 N1000 E980 N1015 E985 N970 E990 N980 E990 E990 N970 E1010 N980 E1010 E1010 N1010 E cm 34 cm 36 cm 34 cm 36 cm 30 cm 35 cm 30 cm 31 cm 34 cm 0-23 Dk. Y Br, Si Lo Br Y, Si Cl 0-24 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 50% 0-26 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 50% 0-24 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 50% 0-26 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 50% 0-22 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 50% 0-22 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 50% 0-20 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 50% 0-25 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 30% 0-27 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 30% ; halted at rock impass 0-22 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 30% 0-20 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 30% 0-21 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ 10% 0-22 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl w/ small gravels 0-24 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl Two Possible Chert Shatter One Possible Chert Shatter One Possible Chert Shatter N1000 E cm 0-24 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl N1010 E cm 0-23 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl 16

19 Site # STP# Total Depth (cm) Soil Description by Strata Artifact Summary N970 E cm 0-20 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl N980 E cm 0-23 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl E cm 0-21 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl Two Possible Chert Shatter N1000 E cm 0-23 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl N1010 E cm 0-23 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl N1020 E cm 0-24 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl N980 E cm 0-20 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl N995 E cm 0-20 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl N1025 E cm 0-26 Dk. Y Br, Sa Si Lo Y Br, Si Cl 17