ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS MODEL FOR HIGHWAY CORRIDOR PLANNING

Transcription

1 ISAHP 25, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 8-1, 25 ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS MODEL FOR HIGHWAY CORRIDOR PLANNING Mongkut Piantanakulchai, Ph.D. 1 Sirindhorn Intrnational Institut of Tchnology Thammasat Univrsity, Rangsit Campus Patumthani 12121, Thailand mongkutp@gmail.com Kywords: Analytic Ntwork Procss (ANP), highway corridor planning Summary: Th planning of highway alignmnt is a complx dcision making that involvs many objctivs and stakholdrs. Prvious studis applid th Analytic Hirarchy Procss (AHP) to prioritiz th altrnativs of highway alignmnts. Standard AHP modl could not accommodat th varity of intractions, dpndncis, and fdback. Th Analytic Ntwork Procss (ANP) is hlpful to dal with intrdpndnt rlationship within th multi-objctivs and multi-stakholdrs nvironmnt. This papr dmonstrats how to mpirically prioritiz a st of altrnativs by using ANP modl. Th papr first rviws th planning issus rlatd to th highway corridor planning. Thn rlatd charactristics wr usd to structur th ANP modl and scors wr computd for prioritizing th potntial highway alignmnts. Enginring practitionrs may adopt th wightd critria for alignmnt slction or apply th ANP mthod to prioritiz thir own st of slction critria. 1. Introduction 1.1 Gnral Highway construction is an important dcision mad by a govrnmnt. It plays an ssntial rol in a rgional conomy, and has long-trm ffcts on th community. Slcting th optimal rout is a multidisciplinary dcision problm. Various objctivs to b satisfid may b in conflict with on othr by diffrnt viws of rlatd stakholdrs. Th problm bcoms mor complx bcaus th numbr of altrnativ routs involvd th gological and constructional uncrtaintis. Cost/Bnfit Analysis (CBA) is normally conductd to vrify th conomic fasibility of possibl altrnativs. Howvr, th inadquacy of CBA in daling with intangibl factors and stratgic concrns is its main waknss (Shang t al. 24). Morovr, many cost-bnfit studis tnd to undrstimat th importanc of th local socity whr th impact of th projct is flt most strongly (Azis, 199). In practic, th bst altrnativ is chosn by considring multipl critria such as conomic, nginring, nvironmntal, and social impact, tc. Highway corridor planning problm is dfind by th slction of th optimum corridor alignmnt basd on multipl critria, for xampl, minimization of construction problms, maximization of th oprational functionality of th projct, minimization of th nvironmntal impact, and maximization of th rsults of th conomic invstmnt (Kalamaras t al., 2). 1 Dr. Mongkut Piantanakulchai is currntly a full tim faculty at th Civil Enginring Program, Sirindhorn Intrnational Institut of Tchnology, Thammasat Univrsity, Rangsit Campus, Thailand. His rsarch ara involvs th application of multicritria mthods to transportation and nginring planning.

2 Application of multicritria mthods to th highway corridor planning could b found in litraturs. For xampl, Kal t al. (24 ) analyzd th land suitability map for xprssway corridor from Mumbai and Pun citis in India. Baily (23) applid multicritria mthod with th Gographic Information Systm (GIS) to corridor slction for a proposd intrstat highway connctor in th southastrn U.S. Azis (199) applid multicritria mthod to rationally masuring th intangibl and complx impacts of th Trans-Sumatra highway built in th lat 197's. Chowdhury t al. (22) proposd th optimization approach basd on th Surrogat Worth Tradoff (SWT) mthod for continuous problms, and multiattribut utility and minimum tolranc mthod for discrt problms. Four cas studis wr illustratd basd on actual projct data. Howvr, th limitation of thir work is th inability to factor in th prfrncs of multipl dcision makrs. Othr rlatd application includd th planning of corridor for powr transmission lin (Baily t al., 25). Svral multicritria mthodologis hav bn proposd and practicd in highway corridor planning. For xampl, AHP (Azis 199, Kalamaras t al., 2; Baily, 23; Piantanakulchai, 25), outranking systm (Rogrs and Brun, 2), surrogat worth tradoff, multi-attribut utility, and minimum tolranc mthod (Chowdhury t al., 22) Many prvious studis applid th Analytic Hirarchy Procss (AHP) in slcting th bst alignmnt. Howvr, on of th dficincis of AHP is that it could not includ intrrlationship and fdback within th lmnts in th modl. This may rsult in mislading in th dcision making, for xampl, th famous bridg slction problm (Forman and Slly, 21). Gnrally, th critrion of strngth is st highr than asthtics in bridg slction. Howvr, whn all bridgs ar satisfid with th strngth rquirmnt, th asthtic critrion bcoms mor important no mattr how strongr anothr bridg is. This is an xampl of a situation whn th critrion dpnds on an altrnativ. Th convntional top-down dcision modl lik AHP dos not handl this situation dirctly and may com out with th dcision to slct th xtrmly strong but ugly bridg instad of sufficintly strong and bautiful bridg. Th Analytic Ntwork Procss (ANP) could handl this sort of dcision making problm ffctivly. This study proposs th Analytic Ntwork Procss (ANP) modl to handl th multicritria highway corridor slction problm. 2. Elmnts of a Standard ANP Modl Th fundamntals of th Analytic Ntwork Procss (ANP) could b found in Saaty (1999). In brif, ANP modl consists of th control hirarchis, clustrs, lmnts, intrrlationship btwn lmnts, and intrrlationship btwn clustrs. Control hirarchis consist of th top lvl critria that involvs in dcision making. Control hirarchy provids ovrriding critria for comparing ach typ of intraction in th ntwork. Saaty (1999) proposd four basic control hirarchis, Bnfits, Opportunitis, Costs, and Risks which ar subsquntly calld BOCR modls, for xampl, Shang t al. (24). It is not rquird to includ all four control hirarchis if som critria ar irrlvant, for xampl, hamburgr modl illustratd by Saaty (1999) and BCR modl prsntd in Poonikom t al. (24). Th dtrmination of rlativ wights in ANP is basd on th pairwis comparison as in th standard AHP, s Saaty (198). With rspct to any critria pairwis comparisons ar prformd in two lvls, th lmnt lvl comparison and th clustr lvl comparison. Elmnts ar th ntitis in th systm that intract with ach othr. Thy could b a unit of dcision makrs, stakholdrs, critria or sub critria (if xists), possibl outcoms, and altrnativs tc. In complx systm which contains a grat numbr of lmnts it would b vry tim consuming to masur rlativ importanc of ach lmnt with vry singl lmnt in th systm. Instad, lmnts which shar similar charactristics ar usually groupd into clustr. Th dtrmination of rlativ wights mntiond abov is basd on pairwis comparison as in th standard AHP. Th wights ar thn put into th suprmatrix that rprsnts th intrrlationships of lmnts in th systm. Th gnral form of th suprmatrix can b dscribd in Fig. 1. Whr C N dnots th N th clustr, Nn dnots th n th lmnt in th N th clustr, and W ij block matrix consists of th collction of th priority wight vctors (w) of th influnc of th lmnts in th i th

3 clustr with rspct to th j th clustr. If th i th clustr has no influnc to th j th clustr thn W ij =. Th matrix obtaind in this stp is calld th initial suprmatrix C n 1 21 W 11 C 2 C N 22 2n 2... N1 N2 C n 1 21 W W N1 C n 2 N1 W W N2 Nn N W 1N W 2N W N2... W NN Nn N C N Figur 1. Th Gnral Structur of th Suprmatrix As statd arlir, th pairwis comparison is prformd in two lvls. Th ignvctor obtaind from clustr lvl comparison with rspct to th control critrion is applid as th clustr wights. This rsults in a matrix which ach of its columns sums to unity. If any block in th suprmatrix contains a column that vry lmnt is zro, that column of th suprmatrix must b normalizd aftr wighting by th clustr's wights to nsur th column sum to b unity. Th concpt is similar to Markov Chain that th sum of th probabilitis of all stats qual to on. This matrix is calld th stochastic matrix or wightd suprmatrix. Th wightd suprmatrix is raisd to limiting powr such as Eq. (1) to gt th global priority vctors. lim W k k (1) If th suprmatrix has th ffct of cyclicity, thr may b two or mor N limiting suprmatrics. In this cas, th Csaro sum is calculatd as in Eq. (2) to gt th avrag priority wights. 1 lim N k N i= 1 W k i (2) 3. ANP Modl for Highway Corridor Planning Th framwork for multicritria valuation of transport projcts by ANP was proposd by Shang t al. (24). Th ovrall dcision problm was disaggrgatd into four control subnts, bnfit, cost, opportunity, and risk. In thir study, th dcision makrs and othr stakholdrs intract to ach othr in th ntwork calld influnc ntwork. With rspct to a spcific critrion, th prfrnc wight by ach altrnativ is obtaind from th limit supr matrix of th influnc ntwork. On th othr sid, th wight

4 of ach sub critrion is obtaind by th limit supr matrix of th ovrall dcision problm. Th prfrnc wight of ach altrnativ is thn multiplid with th importanc wight of ach sub critrion to th total systm. Summation of wightd scor givs th priority of an altrnativ. It could b sn that thir formulation rquirs th dcision makrs to compar th altrnativs basd critria at th most uppr lvl critria (mor abstract). Thrfor, thir modl is most usful to compar fairly diffrnt projcts. In thir study, intractions among dcision makrs and stakholdrs wr modld by including all fdbacks within th influnc ntwork. Whil strong mphasis was put on th influnc ntwork, howvr, th intractions among lmnts in th supr matrix of th ovrall dcision problm wr lss spcifid. This could b illustratd by many zro lmnts in thir supr matrix, for xampl, th bnfit control matrix (s Shang t al. (24), Tabl III). It should b notd that how th supr matrix is formulatd dpnds on th scal and natur of th dcision making problm bing considrd. For th highway corridor slction problm, th altrnativs may not b much diffrnt whn considrd at uppr lvl critria. This would mak th dcision mor difficult. Th judgmnt would b asir at lowr lvl critria or at indicator lvl. In this study, in ordr to captur th intractions in lowr lvl critria th supr matrix is dsignd to includ th clustrs of stakholdrs, main objctivs, sub objctivs, indicators, and altrnativs rspctivly. Th dcomposition of th dcision making problm into lowr lvls would bnfit in two folds. Firstly, th judgmnt is don asir at th lowr lvl than at th uppr lvl. Scondly, xprts in various filds, stakholdrs, and dcision makrs could participat in th dcision making procss in a wll structurd nvironmnt. For xampl, xprts in ach fild would mak th lowr lvl judgmnt about th importanc of subcritria in thir fild whil th diffrnt stakholdrs may b abl to put thir prfrnc on th critria diffrntly in th uppr lvl. Goal Bnfits Opportunitis Risks Costs Cost Control Clustr Stakholdrs Dcision makrs Cntral Local Govrnmnt Govrnmnt Traffic and Transportation Srvicabiliy Spd Road usrs Transport Admin Local communitis Comfort Dlays Trad and industry Gnral public Traffic volum Accssibility Safty Othr clustrs Environmnt Economic Critria Subcritria Indicators Figur 2. An Exampl of th Structur of ANP for Highway Corridor Planning Diffrnt corridor has a diffrnt impact to th conomy and socity. Th impact is a rsult of th intraction among various componnts of th systm, for xampl, nginring, conomic, and social

5 impacts, tc. In fact, thr is no optimum alignmnt bcaus diffrnt stakholdrs ar intrstd in diffrnt objctivs. For instanc, th govrnmnt may b intrstd in rgional conomic dvlopmnt whil th nvironmntalists may prfr to prsrv th natur. In addition, som objctivs ar positivly rlatd, but othrs may b ngativly rlatd. As a rsult, basd on spcific indicator slctd, th valuation of altrnativs will b diffrnt. Which objctiv should b considrd and th importanc of ach objctiv ar ssntial in th analysis. Basd on ANP mthod, xprts from diffrnt filds should b intrviwd to dcid th major critria and sub critria in thir fild for valuating diffrnt alignmnts. Th stakholdr lvl composd of svral partis xrting influnc into th dcision procss. Ths partis could b, for xampl, th transportation administrators, municipal govrnmnt, and th local communitis. Ths partis play diffrnt rols in viwing th projct critria. For xampl, th local community may b mor intrstd in th nvironmntal and social ffcts. Th transportation administrs may hav objctivs to incras th mobility of popl and goods within th study ara whil th municipal govrnmnt may hav to considr most of th projct critria. Th dcision of a stakholdr may b influncd by th dcision of othr groups. This dcision procss could b includd in th analysis undr th framwork of ANP by introducing th intrdpndnc or fdback. Th objctivs of ach stakholdr could b dcomposd into major critria catgoris, for instanc, nginring, conomic, nvironmntal, and social critria. It is notd that th stakholdrs may hav diffrnt xpctations on ths critria catgoris. Hnc, ANP facilitats intgration of thir xpctation to form th composit objctiv wights aftr taking into account thir various intrst and intractions. Fig. 2 shows an xampl of ANP framwork for highway corridor planning. To xmplify th slctd cost control hirarchy is illustratd in dtail. Th structur of th suprmatrix applid in this study is shown in Fig. 3. Goal: Bst Corridor Stakholdrs (G) Critria (C ) G 1 Gq C 1 C r Stakholdrs Critria Subcritria Indicators Altrnativs G 1 Gq C 1 C r S 1 S m I 1 I n A 1 A k W GG W GC W GS W CG W CC W CS Subcritria (S) S 1 S m W SG W SC W SS W SI Indicators (I) I 1 W IS W II W IA I n Altrnativs (A) A 1 A k W AI Forward dpndnc Innr dpndnc (diagonal blocks) Fdback dpndnc Rquird xprts in multi-disciplinary filds Rquird xprts in spcific fild Figur 3. Th Basic Structur of th Suprmatrix for Highway Corridor Planning From Fig. 3 it should b notd that all fdback dpndncs rquir th xprt in multi-disciplinary filds that could judg th rlativ importanc of uppr lvl critria with rspct to a singl lowr critrion or indicator. For xampl, ach stakholdr may spcify thir prfrnc of critria. Th dcision is thrfor basd on thir own prfrncs and prssur from othr stakholdrs (innr

6 dpndnc). Othr blocks without shading ar possibl submatrics that could b includd to nhanc th modl s information, for xampl, W SI. Th fdback dpndnc block, W IA, indicats th rlativ importanc of ach indicator basd on ach altrnativ. For xampl, corridors bing considrd may crat significant impact in diffrnt impact catgoris. Thrfor, th rlativ importanc of ach impact cratd by diffrnt corridor may b diffrnt. Tabl 2 shows typical ANP lmnts considrd in highway corridor planning. Tabl 2. Typical ANP Elmnts Considrd In Highway Corridor Planning. Stakholdrs -A Govrnmnt and public administrators -B Road usrs -C Trad and industry -D Local Community -E Gnral public Critria Subcritria Indicators 1. Economic 1-A Initial invstmnt 1 Invstmnt costs 1-B Oprating and maintnanc costs 1 O&M costs 1-C Economic rturns 1B/C 2 Rturn priod 1-D Tourism dvlopmnt 1 Qualitativ 1-E Trad and industial dvlopmnt 1 Qualitativ 2. Enginring and construction 2-A Physical suitability of land 1 Qualitativ 2-B Gomtric of road 2-C Eas or difficultis in construction 1 Horizontal curvs (No. of curvs and curv radius) 2 Vrtical curvs (% grad changs) 1 Tunnl lngth 2 Bridgs (No. of bridgs and span lngth) 3 Cut&fill volum 2-D Futur xpansion and improvmnt 1 Qualitativ 3. Traffic and Transportation 3-A Traffic volum 3-B Srvicability 2 Traffic volum 1Avrag spd 2 Avrag dlay 3 Comfort (qualitativ) 3-C Accssibility 1 No. of accssibl communitis 3-D Safty 3-E Efficincy of ntwork 1 Horizontal curvs (No. of curvs and curv radius) 2 Vrtical curvs (% grad changs) 1PCU-km 2PCU-hr 3Avrag spd 4V/C 3-F Connction to othr mods 1 Qualitativ 4. Environmnt 4-A Chang in land topography 1 Cut&fill volum 4-B Soil rosion 4-C Air 4-D Nois 1 Affctd ara by soil typ 1 Numbr of rcptors (communitis) 2 Numbr of rcptors (schools) 3 Numbr of rcptors (tmpls, mosqus) 1 Numbr of rcptors (communitis) 2 Numbr of rcptors (schools) 3 Numbr of rcptors (tmpls, mosqus) 4 Tunnl's lngth (during construction only) 4-F Vibration Sam indicators as air and nois impact 4-G Watr 1 Tunnl's lngth (undrground watr) 2 Numbr of crossd strams and typ of structur 4-H Enrgy 1 Enrgy usd/savd 4-I Watrshd aras 1 Ara affctd by typ of watrshd ara 4-J Forrst 1 Ara affctd by typ of forst 4-K Wildlif 1 Ara affctd by typ of rsrvd land for wildlif 5. Land us 5-A Land dvlopmnt or land us chang 1 Qualitativ 5-B Harmony of land us and road usag 1 Qualitativ 5-C Consistncy with city dvlopmnt plan 1 Qualitativ 5-D Sustainability dvlopmnt of city 1 Qualitativ 6. Social 6-A Rlocation of rsidncs 1 No. of rlocatd rsidncs 6-B Education 1 Qualitativ 6-C Public halth 1 Qualitativ 6-D Community acitivitis (cultural, rligion) 1 Qualitativ (rlatd with nois impact) 6-E Asthtics and visual impact 1 Qualitativ

7 4. A Numrical Exampl: A Cas Study of Highway Corridor Planning: in th South of Thailand Figur 4. Th Study Ara Th goal of th projct is to construct a two lan highway conncting Hatyai and Satoon provinc locatd in th southrn part of Thailand. Th proposd highway xtnds about 9 km. lngth conncting th provincs in th South of Thailand. Th main bnfits of th projct includ savings of travl tim and distanc btwn southrn provincs on th sid of th Andaman Sa and th Gulf of Thailand. Othr bnfits includ stimulating th trad in th southrn part of th country, complmnt with th stratgic policy rgarding th national scurity in th southrn part of th country, nhancing th potntial for tourism dvlopmnt within th ara. Th projct is rsponsibl by th Dpartmnt of Highway. Th study ara covrs, mountains (in North- South dirction), national rsrvd forst, watrshd aras, and agricultural land, s Fig.4. Thr ar four altrnativs considrd in this study. Tabl 3 provids som dtail of th altrnativ highway corridors. Th wights in th initial suprmatrix wr adaptd from th fasibility study of th projct (with agrd wights from xprts). All clustr s innr dpndncs ar st to.2. For dmonstration, th initial suprmatrix, wightd suprmatrix, wightd suprmatrix, and th limiting suprmatrix for th bnfit control critrion ar illustratd in Tabl 4-6 rspctivly. Th convrgd valus of th lmnts in ach row rprsnt th global priority wights to th systm. For xampl, from Tabl 6 th global prioritis for ach altrnativ with rspct to bnfit control hirarchy ar (.86,.88,.83,.8). Th global wights may b normalizd to gt th rlativ wight of ach altrnativ sum to on,.g. (.257,.261,.247,.236). For instanc, with rspct to bnfit control hirarchy th corridor B is th bst altrnativ with priority wight.261. Th priority of ach indicator to th ovrall systm could b obtaind similarly by rading th stabilizd column valus. As statd arlir, th altrnativs may b valuatd basd on control hirarchis of bnfits, opportunitis, costs, and risks. Th valuation of altrnativs with rspct to othr control hirarchis could b conductd in th sam way as illustratd hr. Finally, if ach control hirarchy is wightd qually th ovrall valuation of ach altrnativ is synthsizd by using Eq. (6), (Saaty, 1999). ( Bnfits) ( Opportunitis) ( Costs) ( Risks) Multiplicativ Scor = (6) Tabl 7 shows an xampl of synthsizd scors using th abov xprssion. Th rsult obtaind by ANP could b compard to th rsult of th fasibility study obtaind from ral xprts. 5. Conclusion This study proposd ANP as a novl approach to tackl th multicritria highway corridor slction problm. Th gnral structur of ANP and ssntial rols of stakholdrs and xprts wr discussd in th papr. A simpl numrical xampl was shown to illustrat th application of th modl prsntd. It is gnrally blivd that fding mor information to th modl (or xprts) would lad to bttr dcision. Th author suggsts furthr study to intrprt and invstigat th ffct of including mor possibl fdback blocks as addd information to th proposd ANP modl.

8 Tabl 3. Dtail of Altrnativ Highway Corridors Itm Indicators Sub catgory Altrnativs Corridor A Corridor B Corridor C Corridor D Land Compnsation and Rlocation Costs ($) Costs ($) 557,21 557,21 1,616,26 2,696,314 Construction Costs ($) Costs ($) 55,4, 33,85, 14,49, 12,747,5 Industiral and Tourism Dvlopmnt Qualitativ Good Good Fair Fair Intgratd Road Ntwork Stratgy Qualitativ Good Good Fair Fair Ovrall Lngth (km) Lngth (km) Horizontal Curvs R <1 1 Numbr of Curvs 1 <R< (Classifid by Curv Radius, 3<R< m) R> G<4% Vrtical Curvs Numbr of Grad Changs 4%< G<8% ( G, %) 8%< G<12% G>12% 1 Tunnling (km) Difficultis in Construction Bridgs (total lngth, m) 1,35 1, Cut&Fill (million cu.m) Potntial for Futur Tunnling Ys No Ys No Improvmnt and Extnsion Right of Way (m) Expctd Traffic Volum (vhicl/day) Traffic Volum (vhicl/day) 4,596 4,596 6,85 5,817 Chang in PCU-km -124, , ,339-15,352 Road Ntwork Efficincy Chang in PCU-hr Chang in Avrag Spd Chang in V/C Soil Erosion Qualitativ Mdium High Last Mdium Numbr of Crossings ovr W>1 m 1 1 Surfac watr Natural Strams (Classifid 6>W>1 m by Width of Stram) 1<W> 6 m Undrground Watr Lngth of Tunnl (m) Dsign Traffic 3, 3, 4, 4, %Truck Air, Nois, Vibration Numbr of Tmpls Numbr of Villags Numbr of Schools 1 1 Watrshd Ecosystm Qualitativ 2nd Class 2nd Class 1st Class 1st Class Forrst Qualitativ Natural Park National National Natural Without Rsrvd Rsrvd Park+Tunnl Tunnl Forrst Forrst Wildlif Qualitativ Non-Wildlif Sanctuary+Tu nnl Non-Wildlif Sanctuary Without Tunnl Wildlif Sanctuary Wildlif Sanctuary Rsidntial Rlocation No. of Rlocatd Houss

9 Tabl 4. Th Initial Suprmatrix for Bnfit Control Critrion Stakholdrs Critria Subcritria Indicators Altrnativs -A -B -C C 1-D 2-D 3-A 3-B 3-C 3-E 4-H I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I1 A B C D Govrnmnt and public administrators -A Road usrs -B Local Community -C Economic Enginring Traffic Environmnt Economic rturns 1-C Tourism dvlopmnt (critria) 1-D Futur xpansion and improvmnt 2-D Traffic volum (critria) 3-A Srvicability 3-B Accssibility 3-C Efficincy of ntwork 3-E Enrgy saving 4-H Travl bnfits (travl tim saving, tc) I Tourism dvlopmnt (indicator) I Futur xpansion and improvmnt I Traffic volum (indicator) I Avrag spd I Avrag dlay I No. of accssibl communitis I PCU-km I V/C I Enrgy savd I Corridor A A Corridor B B Corridor C C Corridor D D Tabl 5. Th Wightd Suprmatrix for Bnfit Control Critrion Stakholdrs Critria Subcritria Indicators Altrnativs -A -B -C C 1-D 2-D 3-A 3-B 3-C 3-E 4-H I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I1 A B C D Govrnmnt and public administrators -A Road usrs -B Local Community -C Economic Enginring Traffic Environmnt Economic rturns 1-C Tourism dvlopmnt (critria) 1-D Futur xpansion and improvmnt 2-D Traffic volum (critria) 3-A Srvicability 3-B Accssibility 3-C Efficincy of ntwork 3-E Enrgy saving 4-H Travl bnfits (travl tim saving, tc) I Tourism dvlopmnt (indicator) I Futur xpansion and improvmnt I Traffic volum (indicator) I Avrag spd I Avrag dlay I No. of accssibl communitis I PCU-km I V/C I Enrgy savd I Corridor A A Corridor B B Corridor C C Corridor D D Tabl 6. Th Limiting Suprmatrix for Bnfit Control Critrion Stakholdrs Critria Subcritria Indicators Altrnativs -A -B -C C 1-D 2-D 3-A 3-B 3-C 3-E 4-H I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I1 A B C D Govrnmnt and public administrators -A Road usrs -B Local Community -C Economic Enginring Traffic Environmnt Economic rturns 1-C Tourism dvlopmnt (critria) 1-D Futur xpansion and improvmnt 2-D Traffic volum (critria) 3-A Srvicability 3-B Accssibility 3-C Efficincy of ntwork 3-E Enrgy saving 4-H Travl bnfits (travl tim saving, tc) I Tourism dvlopmnt (indicator) I Futur xpansion and improvmnt I Traffic volum (indicator) I Avrag spd I Avrag dlay I No. of accssibl communitis I PCU-km I V/C I Enrgy savd I Corridor A A Corridor B B Corridor C C Corridor D D

10 Tabl 7. Th Calculation of Ovrall Evaluation Scors B O C R Scor Normalizd Scor Corridor A Corridor B Corridor C Corridor D (Not: St by th author, for th numrical xampl purpos only) Rfrncs Azis, I.J. (199), Analytic Hirarchy Procss in th bnfit-cost framwork: A post-valuation of th Trans-Sumatra highway projct, Europan Journal of Oprational Rsarch, 48, Baily, K. (23), AMIS: Dvlopmnt and Application of a GIS/Multicritria Corridor Evaluation Mthodology, Procdings of th Map Asia 23 Confrnc. Baily, K., Grossardt, T., and Jwll, W. (25), Participatory routing of lctric powr transmission lins using th EP-AMIS GIS/Multicritria Evaluation Mthodology, Procdings of th 1th intrnational symposium on information and communication tchnologis in urban and spatial planning and impacts of ICT on physical spac (CORP 25), Chowdhury, M. A., Tan, P., and Willam, S. L. (22) An Intractiv multiobjctiv dcision support framwork for transportation invstmnt, Rsarch Rport, U.S. Dpartmnt of Transportation Rsarch and Spcial Programs Administration. Forman, E., and Slly, M. A. (21) Dcision by Objctivs, Exprt Choic Inc. Kalamaras, G.S., Brino, L., Carriri, C. Plin, C., and Grasso, P. (2), Application of multicritria analysis to slct th bst highway alignmnt, Tunnlling and Spac Tchnology, 15, Kal, M., S, Ravan, S., and Kaushal A. (24), GIS dvlopmnt of knowldg corridor along Mumbai- Pun xprssway, Procdings of th Map India 24 Confrnc. Piantanakulchai, M. (25), Computr basd planning of intrcity motorway alignmnt considring social and nvironmntal impacts, Procdings of th 15th Intrnational Road Fdration (IRF) world mting 25, (Forthcoming). Poonikom, K., O Brin, C., and Chansa-ngavj, C. (24), An application of th Analytic Ntwork Procss (ANP) for univrsity slction dcisions, ScincAsia, 3, Rogrs, M., and Brun, M. (2), Using ELECTRE III to choos rout for Dublin port motorway, Journal of Transportation Enginring, July/August 2, Saaty, T. L. (198) Th Analytic Hirarchy Procss, McGraw-Hill, Nw York. Saaty, T. L. (1999), Fundamntals of th Analytic Ntwork Procss, Procdings of ISAHP 1999, Kob. Shang, J.S., Tjadr, Y, and Ding, Y. (24), A Unifid framwork for multicritria valuation of transportation projcts, IEEE Transactions on Enginring Managmnt, 51,