Radiation Effects in Life Sciences
|
|
- Anissa Holland
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Radiation Effects in Life Sciences oocyte eggs in uterus spermatheca gonad Quality of Radiation Biological Effects Applications of SSD in Life sciences Nanodosimetry Particle Microscope (pct) vulva
2 Radiation in Life Sciences Why Should Biologists Care about Radiation? Imaging and Therapy of Cancer Space Radiation Environment Our Origins ( Evolution) Our Future?? Radiation targets DNA influences the Gene Pool can be used for Cancer Research to induce DNA Faults
3 Charged Particles in Radiobiology Much of Radiobiology is done with Photons (UV, X-and γ-rays) Protons & Light Ions Physical Properties are Superior for Cancer Treatment Defined Range Track Structure Magnetic and Electrical Confinement Main Component of Space Radiation Trapped Belts, Sun and Galactic Sources Energy Range Similar to Synchrotron Responses of Normal Tissues to Radiation Limit Medical Treatment and Space Mission Operations Cell Inactivation Cell and Tissue Changes of State
4 Energy Loss by Radiation in Matter Photons interact catastrophically N(x)/N o =e -µx N(x)/N o is fraction of photons left at depth x µis linear attenuation coefficient Mass attenuation coefficient (cm 2 g 1 ) Rayleigh (coherent) Compton total photoelectric Silicon At high E, small Conversion Prob. in thin Materials pair production ,000 10,000 Photon energy (MeV) Charged Particles leave structured track 1/ρ(dE/dx) = 4πr o 2 N e z 2 m o c 2 /β 2 [ln(2m o c 2 β 2 /I(1-β 2 ) -β 2 -Σ i (c i /Z)]» N e is electrons per gram of medium, ρ is density of medium, β is v/c, z is charge of particle» The important component is : de/dx ρ z 2 /β 2 Energy loss de/dx (MeV cm 2 g 1 ) Silicon ~1/β 1.5 measure p MIP Bethe-Bloch p/m = βγ e ± Rad µ ± Without radiative losses
5 Photon and Proton: Dose vs. Depth X-rays & Gamma Rays: Exponential D o s e Depth D o s e Protons: Bragg Curve (derives from negative slope of Bethe-Bloch) Depth
6 Parameters to Describe Quality of Radiation Dose & Dose Rate Fluence & Fluence Rate Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) or Quality Factor (Q) Cellular Responses to Charged Particles Fluence (E) is Better than Dose as an Independent Variable LET is Insufficient to Describe Track Structure (Track dimensions vs. Target geometry)
7 Proton Radiobiology in Perspective n = MeV protons D = 1 Gy de/dx per µm 1.3 kev 36 ionizations RBE* 1.1 n = MeV protons 4.7 kev 134 ionizations 1.4 n = 54 4 MeV protons 10 µm 10 kev ionizations * rel to 60 Co γ rays
8 Nano Dosimetry Are there different classes of damage depending on the Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and number of ionizations/dna molecule? LET # of Ionizations (Cluster Size) Damage Example Low 1-5 Repairable? Single Strand Break High 6-12 Irreparable? Double Strand Break Very High >12 Recombination & Saturation? Effect of OH - radicals in the damage process Improve dosimetry of proton beam for cancer therapy??
9 Radiation Damage DNA Ionization event (formation of water radicals) Primary particle track Light damage- reparable delta rays Water radicals attack the DNA e - OH Clustered damageirreparable The mean diffusion distance of OH radicals before they react is only 2-3 nm Ionization in 1 mm of low pressure gas = Ionization in 2nm of DNA
10 Schematic of Nanodosimeter low pressure gas particle E 1 δ electron ion SSD E 2 (strong) SSD vacuum ion counter differential pumping
11 ND Ion Cluster Spectra (LLUMC Weizmann group) Ion Cluster Spectra 100 Ave. Clustersize as a function of LET P (22Mev) He (4.5MeV) C (70MeV) C (20MeV) de/dx [MeV/(g/cm 2 )] Ion cluster spectra depend on particle type and energy Need to correct for the position of the primary particle track The average cluster size increases with increasing LET Protons have small chance to generate large LET: lucky for us!
12 Quality of Radiation Comparison of unc-22 Mutation Rates for Low and High Energy Protons and Gamma Rays 1.00e-3 unc-22 Mutation Frequency vs. Dose Arithmetic Mutation Frequency 8.00e e e e MeV Bragg Peak p MeV p + 60 Co Gamma -2.00e Dose in Gray
13 Rat Skin Tumorigenesis Argon ions vs. electrons From Burns & Albert, 1986
14 Low Dose: Atomic Bomb Risk Data Departs from Linearity at Low Doses Pierce & Preston (2000) Rad Res. 154:178
15 Low-Dose Cell Survival Low-dose studies with a proton microbeam precise lowdose/fluence cell survival curves hypersensitive region at low doses more pronounced at higher proton energies (3.2 MeV vs. 1 MeV) Dose (Gy) 3.2 MeV protons Schettino et al. Radiation Res. 156, , 2001
16 Adaptive Response & Bystander Effect Low-dose studies with an alpha particle microbeam only 10% of cells exposed more cells inactivated than traversed (bystander effect) previous exposure to low level of DNA damage increases resistance (Adaptive response) --- expected -o- 0 hrs after priming γ dose -- 6 hrs after priming γ dose Sawant et al. Radiation Res. 156, , 2001
17 Cross Section vs. LET Probability of killing a cell per particle vs. a measure of track structure (LET) scales with geometric cross section of the target but is not a unique function. Kiefer
18 Biological Effectiveness: Colony Formation Assay The Standard Cell Killing Method Colony formation method and example of CHO cell colonies. A 70 colonies in control culture resulting from 100 seeded cells. Plating efficiency is 70%. B 32 surviving colonies from 2000 cells irradiated with 8 Gy of x-rays. Surviving fraction is: 32/0.7*2000 = From Hall, Radiobiology for the Radiologist
19 Relative Biological Effectiveness Densely ionizing Sparsely ionizing RBE is used to compare different qualities of radiation. Heavy ions X-Rays J. Kiefer (1990)
20 Scales and Structures of DNA and Chromatin DNA in cells is always in the form of chromatin which is a highly-ordered DNA-protein complex that is constantly being remodeled. Charged particle tracks would be expected to cause patterns of molecular damage that reflect the ordered packing.
21 Particle Tracks Place Clusters of Ionizations in Volumes on the Scale of Chromatin
22 The Fundamental Concept of Dose is Misleading Dose is defined as energy absorbed per unit mass (irrespective of the spatial distribution of the absorbed energy) 1 Dose Unit 1 Dose Unit Low LET radiation deposits energy in a uniform pattern High LET radiation deposits energy in a non-uniform pattern Structured Energy Deposition Patterns Interact with Target Structure to Produce Correlated Damage
23 Correlated Damage The organization of chromatin favors the production of multiple damage sites within loops and nucleosomes. Such patterns are unique to charged particle radiation. A. Chatterjee, LBNL
24 Risk Mitigation through Shielding? Fragmentation May Enhance Damage Physical vs Biological Assessment of Shielding Dose Eq., msv/day GCR Dose Equivalent on ISS Aluminum Water Liquid hydrogen Polyethylene Depth, g/cm 2 Dicentrics per Cell per Quarter Chromosome Aberrations on ISS Aluminum Liquid hydrogen Depth, g/cm 2 Track Model Water Polyethylene F. Cucinotta
25 Cell Reaction to Radiation Damage Repair (redundant information in DNA), Annealing Death loss of genetic material» metabolic death» delayed apoptotic death genetic instability» delayed apoptotic death Reproductive Death long-term arrest (exit cell cycle, senesce, differentiate) remain metabolically viable for long time Cell Death May Actually Be Controlled Self-Disassembly Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) eliminates Damaged Cells
26 Physiologic Functions of Apoptosis A. Fingers B. Gut C. Tadpole Tails D. Sex Differentiation E. Proliferating Cells F. Self-reactive Lymphocytes G. Irradiation CELL 88:
27 Microenvironment & Communication α & p+ Cells Are Not Autonomous and Sometimes Aren t Even Targets Irradiated Unirradiated Precision Field Experiments needed
28 The Bystander Effect
29 The Bystander Effect Too Many Cells Respond Soluble Factors Implicated
30 New Understanding of Cellular Radiation Damage Target in Cell Cell Death Dose Dependence Charged particles vs. X-ray effects Time scale of change in Genome Conventional Wisdom Only DNA in the cell nucleus Random ~ DSB in DNA ~ Dose Dose Equivalent Assumption is Valid Immediate, to all dependents New Principles Also cell membranes & control systems Also controlled disassembly(apoptosis May not ~ Dose (Track Structure, RBE) Dose Equivalent & normalization factors (RBE) not always valid May not appear for up to 50 cell generations (genomic instability)
31 New Understanding of Repair Mechanisms Mitigation of Cell and Tissue Damage Management of Damage and Survival Conventional Wisdom Repair of DNA damage Autonomy of Individual Cells New Principles Control of signal transduction pathways Apoptosis may be advantageous Distribution of damage to neighbors (Bystander Effect) Cells in tissues respond differently than individuals (Microenvironment Effects)
32 Specific Experiments to track the damage Tracking Resolution limited to the few um level. Selected biological systems are of that size: LLU- Particle Tracking Silicon Microscope a versatile and inexpensive broad-beam and microbeam particle tracking system for protons and alpha particles wide range of energies (1 MeV MeV protons) in vitro and in vivo radiobiological studies research studies for radiation therapy and protection support of DOE and NASA low-dose research programs
33 Gametogenesis in the adult hermaphrodite of C. elegans oocyte eggs in uterus spermatheca gonad vulva
34 Chromosome structures in the gonad of the adult hermaphrodite
35 Silicon Strip Detectors in Life Sciences X-rays are difficult for silicon detectors (Eff or Energy low) BUT charged particles are perfect: Combined measurement of position, angle and energy or LET of single particles High spatial resolution (microns) Support high particle rate Wide dynamic energy range Fast response (self-trigger possible) Radiation hardness Adaptation to most geometries Compatibility with physiological conditions of cells Simple operation (e.g. low voltages) No consumables, compact
36 Specific Experiments to track the damage 244 Cm Alpha Irradiator + SSD Objective Helium Aperture 32 mci 244 Cm Condenser Mylar Bottom Petri Dish He Slider
37 Particle Tracking Silicon Microscope (PTSM) Protons produce damage AND identify damaged molecule Biological Sample (directly on SSD) Transfer to Automated Microscope when Occupancy ~ 10% Double-sided SSD: x-y coordinate, Energy, Cluster characteristics. Assay with Automated Microscope using stored x-y coordinates
38 Statistical vs. Specific Radiobiology Global (Nanodosimetry): Well in Hand? Ionization Cluster Spectra Radiation Plasmid Sample Nanodosimeter Incubation with Base Excision Enzymes mobility 0 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes 60 minutes 120 minutes ssb dsb intact Relative frequency %90 %88 %86 %16 %14 %12 %10 %8 %6 %4 %2 %0 Gel Electrophoresis protons 4 MeV α 5 MeV Cluster size Frequency of lesions of different complexities Local: Needs Improvement No Radiometry Measurement Correlated with Damage on individual DNA Molecule Correlation needed! Tag individual Interaction, Investigate Damage in detail on struck Structures
39 Particle Tracking Silicon Microscope Conventional radiobiological experiment: statistical random traversal of cells by a broad particle beam only average number of hits per cell is known Particle-tracking radiobiological experiment: specific number of particles per cell is exactly known broad beam or microbeam setup λ = 1.5 P(n) = λ n /n! e -λ SSD n = collimator SSD n =
40 Particle Tracking Silicon Microscope MCM Conceptual design biological targets located on detector surface single-particle tracking energy or LET measurement ASIC and controller design adapted to application dedicated data acquisition system DSSD ASIC RO Control Cables DAQ
41 Radiation Effects in Life Sciences vs. in Materials Many Similarities: Fluence or Dose Low Dose effects Rate effects LET & NIEL RBE & Kerma Microenvironment: Bystander Effect & Latch-up (SEE) Adaptive Response & Annealing Cell behavior vs. Circuit Living cells are well engineered (many cycles of design rule and VHDL verification!) and have mechanisms to deal with radiation damage: Repair or Apoptosis. In special cases, we will be able to supply specific data from particle-tracking measurements to replace the conventional statistical radiobiological approach.
LET, RBE and Damage to DNA
LET, RBE and Damage to DNA Linear Energy Transfer (LET) When is stopping power not equal to LET? Stopping power (-de/dx) gives the energy lost by a charged particle in a medium. LET gives the energy absorbed
More informationNature of Radiation and DNA damage
Nature of Radiation and DNA damage Index 1. What is radiation? 2. Ionizing Radiation 3. Interaction of Gamma-radiation with Matter 4. Radiobiology 5. Direct and Indirect action of radiation 6. Steps of
More informationPeak temperature ratio of TLD glow curves to investigate the spatial variation of LET in a clinical proton beam
Peak temperature ratio of TLD glow curves to investigate the spatial variation of LET in a clinical proton beam University of Chicago CDH Proton Center LET study C. Reft 1, H. Ramirez 2 and M. Pankuch
More informationTFY4315 STRÅLINGSBIOFYSIKK
Norges teknisk-naturvitenskaplige universitet Institutt for fysikk EKSAMENSOPPGÅVER med løysingsforslag Examination papers with solution proposals TFY4315 STRÅLINGSBIOFYSIKK Biophysics of Ionizing Radiation
More informationCOMPARISON OF RADIOBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CARBON IONS TO PROTONS ON A RESISTANT HUMAN MELANOMA CELL LINE
COMPARISON OF RADIOBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CARBON IONS TO PROTONS ON A RESISTANT HUMAN MELANOMA CELL LINE I. Petrovi a, A. Risti -Fira a, L. Kori anac a, J. Požega a, F. Di Rosa b, P. Cirrone b and G. Cuttone
More informationNeutrons. ρ σ. where. Neutrons act like photons in the sense that they are attenuated as. Unlike photons, neutrons interact via the strong interaction
Neutrons Neutrons act like photons in the sense that they are attenuated as I = I 0 e μx where Unlike photons, neutrons interact via the strong interaction μ = The cross sections are much smaller than
More informationCHAPTER TWO MECHANISMS OF RADIATION EFFECTS
10-2 densely ionizing radiation CHAPTER TWO MECHANISMS OF RADIATION EFFECTS 2.0 INTRODUCTION Cell survival curves describe the relationship between the fractional survival, S, of a population of radiated
More informationRadiation effects in life sciences
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 514 (2003) 224 229 Radiation effects in life sciences Hartmut F.-W. Sadrozinski* Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Center for Origins Studies,
More informationBiological Effects of Ionizing Radiation & Commonly Used Radiation Units
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE (IMC) RAD 232 - LECTURE 2 & 3 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation & Commonly Used Radiation Units DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM How does radiation injure people? - High energy radiation
More informationWhat is radiation quality?
What is radiation quality? Dudley T Goodhead Medical Research Council, UK DoReMi Radiation Quality workshop Brussels. 9-10 July 2013 What is radiation quality? Let s start at the very beginning. A very
More informationBiological Effects of Ionizing Radiation & Commonly Used Radiation Units
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE (IMC) RAD 232 - LECTURE 3, 4 & 5 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation & Commonly Used Radiation Units DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM How does radiation injure people? - High energy
More informationRadiation Carcinogenesis
Radiation Carcinogenesis November 11, 2014 Dhyan Chandra, Ph.D. Pharmacology and Therapeutics Roswell Park Cancer Institute Email: dhyan.chandra@roswellpark.org Overview - History of radiation and radiation-induced
More informationComputer modeling of radiation effects
Computer modeling of radiation effects 20th International CODATA Conference 25 October 2006, Beijing Noriyuki B. Ouchi and Kimiaki Saito Radiation Effects Analysis Research Group, Nuclear Science and Engineering
More informationNuclear Data for Radiation Therapy
Symposium on Nuclear Data 2004 Nov. 12, 2004 @ JAERI, Tokai Nuclear Data for Radiation Therapy ~from macroscopic to microscopic~ Naruhiro Matsufuji, Yuki Kase and Tatsuaki Kanai National Institute of Radiological
More informationProton and heavy ion radiotherapy: Effect of LET
Proton and heavy ion radiotherapy: Effect of LET As a low LET particle traverses a DNA molecule, ionizations are far apart and double strand breaks are rare With high LET particles, ionizations are closer
More informationChapter 7. What is Radiation Biology? Ionizing Radiation. Energy Transfer Determinants 09/21/2014
Chapter 7 Molecular & Cellular Radiation Biology What is Radiation Biology? A branch of biology concerned with how ionizing radiation effects living systems. Biological damage that occurs from different
More informationModelling the induction of cell death and chromosome damage by therapeutic protons
Modelling the induction of cell death and chromosome damage by therapeutic protons M.P. Carante 1,2 and F. Ballarini 1,2, * 1 University of Pavia, Physics Department, Pavia, Italy 2 INFN, Sezione di Pavia,
More informationBiological Effects of Radiation
Radiation and Radioisotope Applications EPFL Doctoral Course PY-031 Biological Effects of Radiation Lecture 09 Rafael Macian 23.11.06 EPFL Doctoral Course PY-031: Radioisotope and Radiation Applications
More informationRadiobiologcal Research at the JINR Accelerators
Radiobiologcal Research at the JINR Accelerators Е. А. Krasavin Laboratory of Radiation Biology Академик Н.М.Сисакян Академик В.В.Парин Академик О.Г.Газенко β What fundamental problems were solved by the
More informationThe biological effectiveness of low-energy photons
Onkologisches Zentrum Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie Medizinische Strahlenphysik The biological effectiveness of low-energy photons Elisabetta Gargioni University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
More informationSpace Radiation Risks for Long. Duration Missions Edward Semones
Space Radiation Risks for Long Duration Missions Edward Semones Radiation Health Officer Space Life Sciences Directorate Johnson Space Center Presented to the American Astronautical Society November 16,
More informationThe In-flux of Nuclear Science to Radiobiology
The In-flux of Nuclear Science to Radiobiology G. Taucher-Scholz, G. Kraft (GSI) 1 B. Michael (Gray Lab) 2 M. Belli (INFN) 3 1 GSI, Biophysik, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany 2 Gray Lab.,Cancer
More informationIII. Proton-therapytherapy. Rome SB - 5/5 1
Outline Introduction: an historical review I Applications in medical diagnostics Particle accelerators for medicine Applications in conventional radiation therapy II III IV Hadrontherapy, the frontier
More informationC-Beam Induces More Chromosomal Damage In Chemo-Radio-Resistant Cells Than. O-Beam
1 C-Beam Induces More Chromosomal Damage In Chemo-Radio-Resistant Cells Than 16 O-Beam Utpal Ghosh 1, Regina Lichti Binz, Ratan Sadhukhan, Asitikantha Sarma 3, Subrata Kumar Dey 4,Martin Hauer-Jensen,
More informationRadiation Physiology and Effects
Sources and types of space radiation Effects of radiation Shielding approaches 1 2011 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu The Electromagnetic Spectrum Ref: Alan C. Tribble,
More informationAccelerated heavy ions as a tool for solving problems in fundamental and space radiobiology
Accelerated heavy ions as a tool for solving problems in fundamental and space radiobiology E. Krasavin Round Table 2 Italy-Russia@Dubna on SPACE PHISICS and BIOLOGY On Earth - accelerators of heavy charged
More informationU.S. Low Dose Radiation Research Program
U.S. Low Dose Radiation Research Program Update November 2010 ISCORS NF Metting, ScD, Program Manager Office of Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research The Department of Energy Office of
More informationnuclear science and technology
EUROPEAN COMMISSION nuclear science and technology The role of intercellular communication and DNA double-strand breaks in the induction of bystander effects (INTERSTANDER) Contract N o FIGH-CT2002-00218
More informationADVANCES IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER
ADVANCES IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER Bro. Dr. Collie Miller IARC/WHO Based on trends in the incidence of cancer, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and WHO
More informationHampton University Proton Therapy Institute
Hampton University Proton Therapy Institute Brief introduction to proton therapy technology, its advances and Hampton University Proton Therapy Institute Vahagn Nazaryan, Ph.D. Executive Director, HUPTI
More informationProf. V. Grégoire Dr. P. Smeesters Mr M. Despiegeleer
1. Grandeurs et Unités - Mécanismes biologiques de l action des rayonnements ionisants 2. Effets aigus d une irradiation accidentelle 3. Cancers radio-induits 4. Effets héréditaires radio-induits 5. Effets
More informationA general mechanistic model enables predictions of the biological effectiveness of different qualities of radiation
A general mechanistic model enables predictions of the biological effectiveness of different qualities of radiation McMahon, S. J., McNamara, A. L., Schuemann, J., Paganetti, H., & Prise, K. M. (2017).
More informationBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION Natural Sources of Radiation Natural background radiation comes from three sources: Cosmic Radiation Terrestrial Radiation Internal Radiation 2 Natural Sources of Radiation
More informationRADIATION RISK ASSESSMENT
RADIATION RISK ASSESSMENT EXPOSURE and TOXITY ASSESSMENT Osipova Nina, associated professor, PhD in chemistry, Matveenko Irina, Associate professor, PhD in philology TOMSK -2013 The contents 1.What is
More informationChronic cell death may play a crucial role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis due to radon exposure
Chronic cell death may play a crucial role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis due to radon exposure Balázs G. Madas, Imre Balásházy MTA Centre for Energy Research,, Hungary balazs.madas@energia.mta.hu Low
More informationHealth Physics and the Linear No-Threshold Model
Health Physics and the Linear No-Threshold Model Understanding Radiation and Its Effects John Baunach Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN What is health physics? Outline What organizational bodies govern
More informationMaría José Mesa López
María José Mesa López q Radiobiology. q Ionizing Radiations. q Mutations. q Stochastic Effects Vs Deterministic Effects. q Cellular Radiosensitivity. q Bibliography. Science which combines the basic principles
More informationRadiation Safety. Bethany Gillett 14th Feb After this lecture, you should be able to:
Radiation Safety Bethany Gillett bethany.gillett@addenbrookes.nhs.uk 14th Feb 2018 Learning Outcomes After this lecture, you should be able to: Understand different radiation protection quantities Explain
More informationNeutron Interactions Part 2. Neutron shielding. Neutron shielding. George Starkschall, Ph.D. Department of Radiation Physics
Neutron Interactions Part 2 George Starkschall, Ph.D. Department of Radiation Physics Neutron shielding Fast neutrons Slow down rapidly by scatter in hydrogenous materials, e.g., polyethylene, paraffin,
More informationRadiation Dosimeters for Foods. Ashish Anand Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M University
Radiation Dosimeters for Foods Ashish Anand Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M University Introduction Interest in food irradiation technology is increasing world-wide. Some
More informationEvaluation through comet assay of DNA damage induced in human lymphocytes by alpha particles. Comparison with protons and Co-60 gamma rays
Evaluation through comet assay of DNA damage induced in human lymphocytes by alpha particles. Comparison with protons and Co-6 gamma rays 1 M. Di Giorgio, 2,3,4 A.J. Kreiner, 2 J.A. Schuff, 1 M.B Vallerga,
More informationChapter 14 Basic Radiobiology
Chapter 14 Basic Radiobiology This set of 88 slides is based on Chapter 14 authored by N. Suntharalingam, E.B. Podgorsak, J.H. Hendry of the IAEA publication (ISBN 92-0-107304-6): Radiation Oncology Physics:
More informationDosimetric characterization with 62 MeV protons of a silicon segmented detector for 2D dose verifications in radiotherapy
Dosimetric characterization with 62 MeV protons of a silicon segmented detector for 2D dose verifications in radiotherapy C. Talamonti M. Bruzzi,M. Bucciolini, L. Marrazzo, D. Menichelli University of
More informationBiological Effects of Radiation KJ350.
Biological Effects of Radiation KJ350 deborah.oughton@nmbu.no 2111 2005 Radiation Biology Interaction of radiation with biological material Doses (Gy, Sv) and effects Scientific Controversy Radiation Protection
More informationRADIOBIOLOGY FOR SPACE RESEARCH
NUPECC Testard and Sabatier p.- 1 - RADIOBIOLOGY FOR SPACE RESEARCH Isabelle Testard 1, Laure Sabatier 2, Sylvia Ritter 3, Marco Durante 4 and Gerhard Kraft 1 CIRIL, rue Claude Bloch, BP 5133, F-14070
More informationBasic radiation protection & radiobiology
Basic radiation protection & radiobiology By Dr. Mohsen Dashti Patient care & management 202 Wednesday, October 13, 2010 Ionizing radiation. Discussion issues Protecting the patient. Protecting the radiographer.
More informationThe Potential Impact of Bystander Effects on Radiation Risks in a Mars Mission
RADIATION RESEARCH 156, 612 617 (2001) 0033-7587/01 $5.00 2001 by Radiation Research Society. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. The Potential Impact of Bystander Effects on Radiation Risks
More informationPHYS 383: Applications of physics in medicine (offered at the University of Waterloo from Jan 2015)
PHYS 383: Applications of physics in medicine (offered at the University of Waterloo from Jan 2015) Course Description: This course is an introduction to physics in medicine and is intended to introduce
More informationThe ANDANTE project: a multidisciplinary approach to neutron RBE
The ANDANTE project: a multidisciplinary approach to neutron RBE Andrea Ottolenghi, Klaus Trott, Giorgio Baiocco, Vere Smyth Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italy On behalf of the ANDANTE project MELODI
More informationTHE HIGH-CURRENT DEUTERON ACCELERATOR FOR THE NEUTRON THERAPY. S.V. Akulinichev, A. V. Andreev, V.M. Skorkin
THE HIGH-CURRENT DEUTERON ACCELERATOR FOR THE NEUTRON THERAPY S.V. Akulinichev, A. V. Andreev, V.M. Skorkin Institute for Nuclear Research of the RAS, Russia THE PROJECT OF NEUTRON SOURCES FOR THE NEUTRON
More informationThe use of radiation microbeams to investigate the bystander effect in cells and tissues
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 580 (2007) 446 450 www.elsevier.com/locate/nima The use of radiation microbeams to investigate the bystander effect in cells and tissues M. Folkard
More informationHUMAN LUNG CANCER RISKS FROM RADON PART II INFLUENCE FROM COMBINED ADAPTIVE RESPONSE AND BYSTANDER EFFECTS A MICRODOSE ANALYSIS
Dose-Response: An International Journal Volume 9 Issue 4 Article 8 12-2011 HUMAN LUNG CANCER RISKS FROM RADON PART II INFLUENCE FROM COMBINED ADAPTIVE RESPONSE AND BYSTANDER EFFECTS A MICRODOSE ANALYSIS
More informationRadiation Oncology. Initial Certification Qualifying (Computer-based) Examination: Study Guide for Radiation and Cancer Biology
Radiation Oncology Initial Certification Qualifying (Computer-based) Examination: Study Guide for Radiation and Cancer Biology This exam tests your knowledge of the principles of cancer and radiation biology
More informationMolecular Radiobiology Module 4 Part #3
Molecular Radiobiology Module 4 Part #3 Bushong - Chapter 31 10-526-197 - Rhodes Interaction & damage is a matter of chance Energy deposited rapidly 10-17 seconds Interactions are non-selective in tissue
More informationMedical Physics 4 I3 Radiation in Medicine
Name: Date: 1. This question is about radiation dosimetry. Medical Physics 4 I3 Radiation in Medicine Define exposure. A patient is injected with a gamma ray emitter. The radiation from the source creates
More informationUNC-Duke Biology Course for Residents Fall
UNC-Duke Biology Course for Residents Fall 2018 1 UNC-Duke Biology Course for Residents Fall 2018 2 UNC-Duke Biology Course for Residents Fall 2018 3 UNC-Duke Biology Course for Residents Fall 2018 4 UNC-Duke
More informationPhysical Bases : Which Isotopes?
Physical Bases : Which Isotopes? S. Gnesin Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland 1/53 Theranostic Bruxelles, 2 Octobrer 2017 Theranostic : use of diagnostic
More informationRadiation Safety Information for Students in Courses given by the Nuclear Physics Group at KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
Radiation Safety Information for Students in Courses given by the Nuclear Physics Group at KTH, Stockholm, Sweden September 2006 The aim of this text is to explain some of the basic quantities and units
More informationReview of the Radiobiological Principles of Radiation Protection
1 Review of the Radiobiological Principles of Radiation Protection Cari Borrás, D.Sc., FACR, FAAPM Radiological Physics and Health Services Consultant Adjunct Assistant Professor (Radiology) GWU School
More informationHadrons on Malignant Cells: Recent Activities within Collaboration between LNS INFN and Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences
ENSAR2 Midterm Meeting of Networking Activity 5: MediNet March 12 th 14 th, 218 Vinča Institute of Nuclear sciences, University of Belgrade Hadrons on Malignant Cells: Recent Activities within Collaboration
More information8th Warren K. Sinclair Keynote Address 47th Annual NCRP Meeting Bethesda, MD, March 7, 2011 Heavy ions in therapy and space: benefits and risks
8th Warren K. Sinclair Keynote Address 47th Annual NCRP Meeting Bethesda, MD, March 7, 2011 Heavy ions in therapy and space: benefits and risks Marco Durante What are heavy ions? 50 um What are heavy ions?
More informationThe application of 1.6 MeV proton microbeam to investigate radiation-induced bystander effect in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line
The application of 1.6 MeV proton microbeam to investigate radiation-induced bystander effect in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line Elena LAGZDINA, Mindaugas GASPARIŪNAS, Rita PLUKIENĖ, Artūras PLUKIS,
More informationPHY138Y Nuclear and Radiation
PHY38Y Nuclear and Radiation Professor Tony Key MP40 key@physics.utoronto.ca Announcements MP problems set #4 due Sunday at midnight PS#5 WRITTEN now posted! - do in teams, no Lone Wolves!! NB correction
More informationRadiobiological Characterization of Clinical Proton and Carbon-Ion Beams
Proceedings of the CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Accelerators for Medical Applications, Vösendorf, Austria, 26 May 5 June 2015, edited by R. Bailey, CERN Yellow Reports: School Proceedings, Vol. 1/2017,
More informationPractical Reference Dosimetry Course April 2015 PRDC Program, at a glance. Version 1.0. Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
Practical Reference Dosimetry Course 21-24 April 2015 PRDC 2015 Program, at a glance Version 1.0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Quantities and Units Free air chambers Uncertainties Brachytherapy traceability
More informationThe Impact of Bystander Effects and Adaptive Responses in the Health Risks of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation
The Impact of Bystander Effects and Adaptive Responses in the Health Risks of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Edouard Azzam New Jersey Medical School Newark, USA Two phenomena have been recently implicated
More informationMechanisms for the Biological Effectiveness of High-LET Radiations
J. RADIAT. RES., 40: SUPPL., 1 13 (1999) Mechanisms for the Biological Effectiveness of High-LET Radiations DUDLEY T. GOODHEAD* Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Didcot,
More informationWilliam F. Morgan. Ph.D., D.Sc.
Biological Responses at Low Radiation Doses: Advances in Radiation Biology and Potential ti Implications for Radiation Exposure Regulations. William F. Morgan. Ph.D., D.Sc. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
More informationRADON RESEARCH IN MULTI DISCIPLINES: A REVIEW
RADON RESEARCH IN MULTI DISCIPLINES: A REVIEW PILLALAMARRI ILA Earth Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences Neutron Activation Analysis Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 IAP
More informationRadiation qualities in carbon-ion radiotherapy at NIRS/HIMAC
Radiation qualities in carbon-ion radiotherapy at NIRS/ Shunsuke YONAI Radiological Protection Section Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) E-mail:
More informationALPHA PARTICLE MICRODOSIMETRY IN THE LUNG
ALPHA PARTICLE MICRODOSIMETRY IN THE LUNG Werner Hofmann Division of Physics and Biophysics, Department of Materials Research and Physics, University of Salzburg, Austria 1 Alpha particle microdosimetry
More informationInterazioni iniziali Radiaz. indirett. ionizzanti (raggi X, raggi γ)
Radiobiologia delle particelle pesanti Angelica Facoetti Fondazione CNAO Corso teorico-pratico sull adroterapia: l alta tecnologia applicata alla clinica CNAO, Pavia, 17-1818 Maggio 2013 Radiobiologia
More informationAssistant Professor Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine
A Mechanism-Based Approach to Predict Relative Biological i Effectiveness and the Effects of Tumor Hypoxia in Charged Particle Radiotherapy David J. Carlson, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Therapeutic
More informationScoring of linear energy transfer (LET) for calculation of biological dose in proton therapy
Scoring of linear energy transfer (LET) for calculation of biological dose in proton therapy And why biological calculation should be done within FLUKA Eivind Rørvik May 11, 216 Eivind Rørvik 4th Fluka
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTRON BEAM RADIATION FIELD BY CHEMICAL DOSIMETRY
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTRON BEAM RADIATION FIELD BY CHEMICAL DOSIMETRY M. R. NEMTANU, C. OPROIU, M. BRASOVEANU, M. OANE National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Electron Accelerator
More informationGenome Instability is Breathtaking
Genome Instability is Breathtaking Effects of Alpha Radiation exposure on DNA at a molecular level and consequences to cell health Dr. Aaron Goodarzi A.Goodarzi@ucalgary.ca Radiation what do you think
More informationFigure 1.1 PHITS geometry for PTB irradiations with: broad beam, upper panel; mono energetic beams, lower panel. Pictures of the setups and of the
Figure 1.1 PHITS geometry for PTB irradiations with: broad beam, upper panel; mono energetic beams, lower panel. Pictures of the setups and of the PMMA ring holder with 7 containers are also shown. Relative
More informationToday, I will present the second of the two lectures on neutron interactions.
Today, I will present the second of the two lectures on neutron interactions. 1 The main goal of this lecture is to tell you a little about clinical neutron therapy, first with fast neutron beams, and
More informationPHYSICS 2: HSC COURSE 2 nd edition (Andriessen et al) CHAPTER 20 Radioactivity as a diagnostic tool (pages 394-5)
PHYSICS 2: HSC COURSE 2 nd edition (Andriessen et al) CHAPTER 20 Radioactivity as a diagnostic tool (pages 394-5) 1. (a) A radioisotope is an isotope that is unstable and will emit particles from the nucleus
More informationCharacterization and implementation of Pencil Beam Scanning proton therapy techniques: from spot scanning to continuous scanning
Characterization and implementation of Pencil Beam Scanning proton therapy techniques: from spot scanning to continuous scanning Supervisors Prof. V. Patera PhD R. Van Roermund Candidate Annalisa Patriarca
More informationTherapeutic Medical Physics. Stephen J. Amadon Jr., Ph.D., DABR
Therapeutic Medical Physics Stephen J. Amadon Jr., Ph.D., DABR Outline 1. Why physicists are needed in medicine 2. Branches of medical physics 3. Physics in Radiation Oncology 4. Treatment types and Treatment
More informationHEAVY PARTICLE THERAPY
HEAVY PARTICLE THERAPY DR. G.V. GIRI KIDWAI MEMORIAL INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY ICRO 2012 BHATINDA HEAVY PARTICLES USED IN A EFFORT TO IMPROVE TUMOR CONTROL, THAT DO NOT RESPOND TO PHOTONS OR ELECTRONS BETTER
More informationby Vered Anzenberg Author... Department of Nuclear Engineering August 8, 2005
Do Heavy Ions Induce the Bystander Effect? Study to determine the induction of the bystander effect from Fe ion beam compared to x-rays in human keratinocytes by Vered Anzenberg Submitted to the Department
More information22.55 Principles of Radiation Interactions Name: Spring 2004 Professor Coderre Exam 2 April 30, 2004
22.55 Principles of Radiation Interactions Name: Spring 2004 Professor Coderre Exam 2 April 30, 2004 You have 2 hours to complete this exam. This exam is closed book. Please show all work on the attached
More informationLecture 14 Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
Lecture 14 Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Course Director, Conrad Daniel Volz, DrPH, MPH Assistant Professor, Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health
More informationY FILMS DOSIMETR Nederland België / Belgique
DOSIMETRY FILMS GAFCHROMIC Dosimetry Films The Self-developing Dosimetry Films that Allow You to Go Filmless Do away with the cost and headache of calibrating and maintaining a processor Do away with hazardous
More informationBiologically Guided Radiation Therapy (BGRT) Relative Biologically Effectiveness (RBE) and Oxygen Effects in Particle Therapy Rob Stewart, Ph.D. Associate Professor and Assistant Head, School of Health
More informationTopics covered 7/21/2014. Radiation Dosimetry for Proton Therapy
Radiation Dosimetry for Proton Therapy Narayan Sahoo Department of Radiation Physics University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Proton Therapy Center Houston, USA Topics covered Detectors used for to
More informationDependence of the thermoluminescent high-temperature ratio (HTR) of LiF:Mg,Ti detectors on proton energy and dose
Submitted to Radiation Measurements Dependence of the thermoluminescent high-temperature ratio (HTR) of LiF:Mg,Ti detectors on proton energy and dose P. Bilski 1, M. Sadel 1, J. Swakon 1, A. Weber 2 1
More informationCalculated LET spectrum from antiproton beams stopping in water
Acta Oncologica, 2009; 48: 223226 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Calculated LET spectrum from antiproton beams stopping in water NIELS BASSLER 1,2 & MICHAEL HOLZSCHEITER 3 1 Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology,
More informationRadiobiological principles of brachytherapy
Radiobiological principles of brachytherapy Low dose rate (LDR) Medium dose rate (MDR) High dose rate (HDR) The effect of dose rate As the dose rate is decreased, there is more time during irradiation
More informationRapid MCNP Simulation of DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) for Photons, Neutrons, and Light Ions
Rapid MCNP Simulation of DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) for Photons, Neutrons, and Light Ions Robert D. Stewart 1,, Seth W. Streitmatter 2, David C. Argento 1, Charles
More informationImpact of variable proton relative biological effectiveness on estimates of secondary cancer risk in paediatric cancer patients Vilde Grandemo
Impact of variable proton relative biological effectiveness on estimates of secondary cancer risk in paediatric cancer patients Vilde Grandemo Supervisors: Kristian Smeland Ytre-Hauge and Camilla Hanquist
More informationEstimation of Effective Doses for Radiation Cancer Risks on ISS, Lunar and Mars Missions with Space Radiation Measurements
Estimation of Effective Doses for Radiation Cancer Risks on ISS, Lunar and Mars Missions with Space Radiation Measurements Myung-Hee Y. Kim Wyle Laboratories, Houston, Texas, 77058 and Francis A. Cucinotta
More informationNon-target dose from radiotherapy: Magnitude, Evaluation, and Impact. Stephen F. Kry, Ph.D., D.ABR.
Non-target dose from radiotherapy: Magnitude, Evaluation, and Impact Stephen F. Kry, Ph.D., D.ABR. Goals Compare out-of-field doses from various techniques Methods to reduce out-of-field doses Impact of
More informationMeasurement of Dose to Implanted Cardiac Devices in Radiotherapy Patients
Measurement of Dose to Implanted Cardiac Devices in Radiotherapy Patients Moyed Miften, PhD Professor and Chief Physicist University of Colorado Chester Reft, PhD Associate Professor University of Chicago
More informationRADIOBIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN INTRAVASCULAR IRRADIATION
Cardiovascular Radiation Medicine 1:1 (1999) 42 47 BIOLOGY/PATHOLOGY ORIGINAL ARTICLE RADIOBIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN INTRAVASCULAR IRRADIATION Eric J. Hall, D.Sc.,* Richard C. Miller, Ph.D., and David J.
More informationNeutron dose evaluation in radiotherapy
Neutron dose evaluation in radiotherapy Francesco d Errico University of Pisa, Italy Yale University, USA Radiation therapy with a linear accelerator (LINAC) Photoneutron production in accelerator head
More informationTHERMOLUMINESCENT (TL) DOSIMETRY OF SLOW-NEUTRON FIELDS AT RADIOTHERAPY DOSE LEVEL
THERMOLUMINESCENT (TL) DOSIMETRY OF SLOW-NEUTRON FIELDS AT RADIOTHERAPY DOSE LEVEL G. Gambarini Dipartimento di Fisica dell Università, Milano, Italy e-mail grazia.gambarini http://users.unimi.it/~frixy/
More informationGenomic Instability Induced by Ionizing Radiation
Genomic Instability Induced by Ionizing Radiation Christian Streffer Universitätsklinikum Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany INTRODUCTION In contrast to general assumptions it has frequently been shown that DNA
More information