Mechanotransductive Activation of b-catenin: from Mesoderm Evolutionary Emergence to Cancer Progression

Transcription

1 Mechanotransductive Activation of b-catenin: from Mesoderm Evolutionary Emergence to Cancer Progression I- Evolutionary implication in mechanotransduction in mesoderm origins, 600 millions years ago II- From development to cancer: tumour growth mechanical cues in the reactivation of mechanosensitive embryonic pathways UMR168

2 Introduction: initiation of morphogenetic movements in Drosophila embryos Gènes -> Forces Dorsal Forces = nn Anterior Bcd, Tsl Nos, Tsl Twist, Snail Length, 500 microns 6000 cells surrounding a yolk /11/2015 Costa et al, Development 1993 Supatto et al, PNAS, 2005

3 Myo-II Apical Stabilisation generates Mesoderm Invagination (Adams et al - Pouille, Ahmadi et al, 2009) D. Kiehart, M. Leptin, E. Wieschaus, N. Perrimon groups et al /11/2015

4 There exists two phases of apical constriction: is the second mechanically triggered by the first? Twi-: stochastic apical constriction Sna-: neither stochastic nor collective apical constriction Myo-II Stochastic = oscillations Collective = constricted stabilized M. Leptin, E. Wieschaus, N. Perrimon et al. Groups /11/2015 Sweeton et al, Development, 1991 A. Martin et al, Nature 2009

5 Indenting sna mutants to rescue the missing mechanical strains of the first constricting stochastic phase, rescues the second coordinated constriction phase and mesoderm invagination Pouille, Ahmadi et al, Science Signalling, 2009 Demosthène Mitrossilis et al., submitted Energies Mechano- Transduction = 10kT (Forces = pn) /11/2015

6 I- Evolutionary implication of mechanotransductive b-cat activation in mesoderm emergence, 600 millions years ago Second mechanotransductive wave: b-catenin phosphorylation of Y667, impairing b-catenin interaction with E-cadherin, is mechanically induced by mesoderm invagination /11/2015

7 The b-catenin protein: a mechano-genetic dual role -> b-catenin phosphorylation on its Y654 site leads to b-catenin cytoplasmic and nuclear translocation:

8 b-catenin cytoplasmic and nuclear translocation are mechanically induced by Y667 b-catenin mechanical phosphorylation and lead to Twist expression maintenance in the mesoderm Note: 1%FA Fix procedure for Arm nuclei detection (poor junctional resolution) /11/2015

9 Zebrafish: the mesoderm patterning gene notail is expressed at the onset of epiboly in specifically deformed margin cells in a b-catenin dependent but Wnt independent process /11/2015 Dkk: inhibitor of Wnts through Lrp6

10 The b-catenin dependent expression of notail in margin cells is induced by the morphogenetic movement of epiboly onset /11/2015 Uniaxial deformation: 35mm during 20min

11 -> Magnetic rescue of epiboly initiation in vivo Ultramagnetic Liposomes: Fe3O2 30% (v:v) Fluo;PEG-tagged 200nm C. Ménager (UPMC) Micromagnets: NdFeB Embedded in Pdms BgradB = 10-2 T2/m at 400mm Nora Dempsey (I.Néel, Grenoble) Endogenous: mm/min /11/2015 Bleb: not detectable Magnetic: mm/min (Poky: fluctuations of 1 mm/min)

12 Nuclear translocation of b-catenin and notail expression are triggered by mechanical induction of phosphorylation of the Y667- b-catenin at the onset of epiboly /11/2015

13 Conclusion 1 Mechanical induction of the b-cat/mesoderm pathway at the origin of mesoderm emergence leading to the Diploblast-Tribloblast evolutionary transition? Origin of the mesoderm? Zebrafish: Nodal -> ntl Drosophila: Dorsal -> Twist Ecdysozoa Vertebrates mecha-p-y667 b-cat, but not Dorsal and Nodal, is common to the two species in mesoderm specification This suggests that mecha-p-y667 b-cat was a property of the 600 MY common ancestor, and that it could have been the primitive inductor of mesoderm emergence T. Brunet, Adrien Bouclet et al, Nature Communications, /11/2015

14 II- From development to cancer: tumour growth mechanical cues in the reactivation of mechanosensitive embryonic pathways b-cat dependent mechanical induction of oncogenes expression Ex vivo mechanical compression of the distal colon Control Compressed APC 1638N/+ P = 0.8kPa c-myc (target of b-cat) PP1 (inhibitor of Src familly kinases) In situ ex-vivo: Joanne Whitehead et al, HFSPJ /11/2015

15 Magnetic loading to mimic tumour growth pressure in vivo Magnetic Liposomes 15 Oct. 30th /11/2015 P= 1.2kPa mean value (tumour growth pressure: 1kPa)

16 Mechanical induction of oncogenesis by tumour growth pressure /11/2015

17 Endogenous hyperproliferative Notch tumour growth pressure activates the b-cat tumorogenic pathway in neighbouring non tumour Notch negative crypts

18 Conclusion 2- Beta-cat dependent mechanical Induction of Oncogenes Expression in healthy tissues by tumour growth pressure in vivo In APC+/- In vivo: Elena Fernandez-Sanchez, Sandrine Barbier et al., Nature, /11/2015

19 Mechano-Cancer Consortium Emmanuel Farge s team (UMR168 Institut Curie) Elena Fernandez-Sanchez Sandrine Barbier Anne-Christine Brunet Adrien Bouclet Thibaut Brnuet Joanne Whitehead Sylvie Robine s team (UMR 144 Institut Curie) Jeanne Netter Silvia Fre s team (UMR 3215 Institut Curie) Mathilde Huygue Christine Ménager s team (Université Pierre et Marie Curie Physico- Chimie, ESPCI) and Sylviane Lesieur s team (Université Paris12 Pharma) Gaelle Bealle Aude Michel Hélène Marie Plateforms: Animal House s team, Bioinformatics, Sequencing (Institut Curie) - Isabelle Grandjean Virginie Dangles-Marie Stéphanie Boissel - Elodie Girard Nicolas Servant - Thomas Rio-Frio Mickael Tanter s team (Institut Langevin, ESPCI) Jean-Luc Gennisson Heldmuth Latorre-Ossa Chantal Housset s team (Faculté de Médecine, Hopital Saint-Antoine, Inserm) Colette Rey Laura Fouassier Audrey Claperon

20 Mechanics & Genetics of Embryonic and Tumour Development ANR Joanne Whitehead, Sandrine Barbier and Elena Fernandez-Sanchez Tumoral Progression / Post-docs IC-Marie Curie, ANR, RTRA FPGDG Nicolas Desprat Ferromagnetic Injections and Mechano-transcription Post-doc INSERM 2005/2008 Philippe-Alexandre Pouille, Padra Ahmadi,, Démosthène Mitrosslis, Benjamin Driquez, Willy Supatto, A. Bouclet Numerical simulations and experiments PhD 2005/2009, Microsoft European Grant T. Brunet, Adrien Bouclet, L. Henry, F. Serman Zebrafish Anne-Christine Brunet: Ingénieur de recherche Collaborators: Nora Dempsey (I. Néel), C. Ménager, Paris 6), Emmanuel Beaurepaire (Optics, Polytechnique), Glenn Edwards (Duke U), L. Solnica-Krezel (Zebra) Silvia Fre, Sylvie Robine (Colon cancer, I. Curie), Michael Tanter (I. Langevin) Anne Plessis (Droso, IJM, Paris) Dino Yanicostas (Zebra, UPMC, Paris) ARC, C Nano, Fondation Pierre Gilles de Gennes, Inca, Labex CelTisPhysBio /11/2015

21 Controls: Ret ligands and UMLs by themself, do not activate Ret /11/2015