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1 Research Topic Seminar Dr. Claire Coleman The Chemistry and Biology of Wortmannin Claire Wipf Group 1 3/13/2004
2 ff white to pale yellow solid Hygroscopic/Light sensitive Small molecule natural product first isolated from culture filtrates of Penicillium Wortmanni (1957) Later found to be a metabolite of a variety of Penicillium and Myrothecium species Structure by chemical degradation and spectroscopic analysis 1972 X-ray analysis 1972 Clinically used as an immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory Commercially available AG Scientific 25 mg $ 330 Claire Wipf Group 2 3/13/2004
3 Wortmannin and simple analogs were found to be potent antiinflammatory agents 1970 s Exhibited a high degree of toxicity-determined unsuitable for clinical development 20 years later Wortmannin was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of PI 3-Kinase (IC 50 = 4 nm) Claire Wipf Group 3 3/13/2004
4 Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-Kinase) Important enzyme for intracellular signalling Primary enzymatic activity of the PI-3-Kinases is the phosphorylation of inositol lipids at the 3 position Different members of the PI-3-Kinase family generate different lipid products (lipid secondary messengers) Vesicle trafficking Cell survival Proliferation Cell migration Vesicle budding Claire Wipf Group 4 3/13/2004
5 J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 8347 Signaling through PI 3-K lipid products and their targets. The lipid products of PI 3-K are indicated at the top of the figure, and the cellular processes affected by these lipids are indicated at the bottom. The black ovals indicate the direct targets of each lipid, and the small boxes indicate the protein domains that directly bind to them. Claire Wipf Group 5 3/13/2004
6 PI3-Kinase was initially purified and cloned as a heterodimeric complex consisting of 110 kda catalytic subunit now called p110a 85 kda regulatory/adaptor subunit p85 a 9 mammalian PI-3-kinases have been identified Divided into 3 classes based on sequence homology and substrate preference in vitro Claire Wipf Group 6 3/13/2004
7 Class I 4 class I enzymes Divided into 2 subclasses (Ia and Ib) based on mechanism of activation Found in cytoplasm Class II 3 members Least understood Larger than class I/III Membrane associated Class III Traffic of proteins through the lysosome Claire Wipf Group 7 3/13/2004
8 Wortmannin-an irreversible inhibitor of PI 3-Kinase Nucleophilic attack at the electrophilic C-21 position of the furan ring by Lys 802 of p110 PI 3-Kinases Me Ac C D A B H NH 2 Wortmannin ( 1) 21 Me Ac H HN H (p110 PI 3-kinase)K 802 (p 110 PI 3-kinase)K 802 The Lysine residue resides in the ATP binding site of the p110 catalytic subunit--crucial role in the phosphotransfer reaction Claire Wipf Group 8 3/13/2004
9 Most protein kinase inhibitors developed for pharmaceutical application work by competing with ATP binding Wortmannin binds more deeply in the ATP binding pocket than ATP Claire Wipf Group 9 3/13/2004
10 Regulation of cell proliferation and the signaling pathways within cells that control it is important If drugs can be developed to interfere with signal transductions then cancer cells may be made nonproliferating and new cancer therapies may emerge Inhibitors of PI 3-kinase (an enzyme that functions within signal transduction pathways) may be useful for new cancer and tumour therapies Claire Wipf Group 10 3/13/2004
11 PI 3-kinase Inhibitors other than Wortmannin IC 50 is 500 fold higher than wortmannin but is widely used in cell biology as it is much more stable in solution Claire Wipf Group 11 3/13/2004
12 The furan ring in Wortmannin is essential for biological activity Chemists at Eli Lilly performed SAR on Wortmannin analogs to probe the structural requirements necessary for PI 3-Kinase inhibition Made electronic/steric changes that influenced the elctrophilicity of the C-21 centre Claire Wipf Group 12 3/13/2004
13 Me Ac Me Ac H Wortmannin (1) NuH Nu H H Nu PI 3-K IC 50 (nm) Et 2 N 80 NH 2 >>500 MeNH >>500 EtNH >>500 n-prnh >>500 n-bus 52 1 and 6 retain activity but greatly reduced Claire Wipf Group 13 3/13/2004
14 Primary (Z) vs secondary amine (E) adducts Difference in reactivity suggested to be difference in orientation of the enamine in relation to the lactone carbonyl E configuration mimics wortmannin in ability to accept a nucleophile Z--steric problems Claire Wipf Group 14 3/13/2004
15 Introduction of methyl group at C-21 No inhibition up to 500 nm No reaction with diethylamine Claire Wipf Group 15 3/13/2004
16 Wanted to prepare 4,21-cyclopropyl wortmannin but isolated a ring expansion product instead Reacts with xs ylide to give a the desired product as a mixture of diasterisomers When the furan is replaced by a pyran ring it has only moderate activity--pyran is not planar/thermodynamics Claire Wipf Group 16 3/13/2004
17 Claire Wipf Group 17 3/13/2004
18 D ring modifications Remote from furan ring Noticeable effects on inhibitor activity D ring is an important recognition element D 10 fold increase in activity Claire Wipf Group 18 3/13/2004
19 B ring modifications Have been limited Deconjugated derivative remained active Aromatized derivative lost activity Me B H Me Me B H H IC 50 = 54 nm IC 50 = 4600 nm Claire Wipf Group 19 3/13/2004
20 A ring modifications Me Ac Ac A H Wortmannin (1) 1. HCl, MeH 2. NaH MeH/THF Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1995, 5, 1183 H H 1000 fold loss of activity and no toxicity Claire Wipf Group 20 3/13/2004
21 C ring modifications Removal of C-11 acetoxy group C C C 54 nm 17 nm 4600 nm J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39,1106 Anti-tumour activity (Wortmannin 4.2 nm) Claire Wipf Group 21 3/13/2004
22 Inhibitory activity increases with increasing lipophilic character C J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, Claire Wipf Group 22 3/13/2004
23 Wortmannin beyond anti-proliferation studies Radiation sensitizer (but may sensitize normal cells over tumour cells) Rad. Res. 2001, 155, 826. Alzheimers disease-alters effects on the metabolism of the Alzheimers amyloid precursor protein (APP) J. Neurochem, 1999, 73, Treatment of type I osteporosisability to inhibit osteoclasts from resorbing bone Pharm. Exp. Ther. 1995, 277, 543. Claire Wipf Group 23 3/13/2004
24 Synthetic Efforts towards Wortmannin First synthesis of the furancyclohexadiene lactone subunit C 2. Red-Al H H + 26% H 13% H 1. Pivaloyl chloride pyridine, C 2. TBSPS-Cl 3.s 4 /nmo Piv H H TBSPS DESS-MARTIN PERIDINANE H H 1. TBAF 2. PDC, 3A MS 3. PPTS 1:1 MeH/H 2 77% HC TBSPS 1. NaCN DMS 2. DIBAL 77% Ms TBSPS 1. Me Me 2. MELI 3. MSCL, NEt 3 87% PPTS H HC(NMe 2 ) 3 32%, 2 steps Me 2 N H Cu(Ac) 2 Me 2 N H HCl 42% J. rg. Chem. 1992, 57, 4888 Claire Wipf Group 24 3/13/2004
25 1996 First Chemical Synthesis Starting from commercially available hydrocortisone Lengthy 35 step synthesis, 0.01% overall yield Claire Wipf Group 25 3/13/2004
26 Claire Wipf Group 26 3/13/2004
27 Claire Wipf Group 27 3/13/2004
28 Claire Wipf Group 28 3/13/2004
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