Anatomy & Physiology Lab Thurs! Fun again!
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1 Anatomy & Physiology Lab Thurs! Fun again! BI 121 Lecture 3 I. Announcements AEC Notes? aec.uoregon.edu/peer-notetaking II. Connections Q re: Homeostatic Model for BP? Active work! III.Cell Anatomy, Physiology & Compartmentalization LS ch 2 A. How big? What boundaries? Why compartments?pp19-21 B. Basic survival skills ch 1 p 3 C. Organelles Intracellular specialty shops w/membranes 1. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 2. Golgi 3. Lysosomes 4. Peroxisomes & 5. Mitochondria. LS 2012 pp fig 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8 pp 20-7 tab 2-1 p 36 D. What about vaults? LS 2006, p 32 E. Physiol News Moms eggs execute Dad s mitochondria? IV.Anaerobic vs Aerobic Metabolism Overview Many sources! Mathews & Fox LS 2012 pp 26-33, fig 2-15 p 33 V. Introduction to Genetics LS 2012 ch 2 p Appendix C A. What s a gene? Where? p A-18, fig C-2, C-3 B. Why are genes important? p A-18 C. What s DNA & what does it look like? pp A-18 thru A-20 D. How does information flow in the cell? fig C-6 E. How does DNA differ from RNA? pp A-20 thru A-22 F. Genetic code? pp A-22, A-23 G. How are proteins made? fig C-7, C-9
2 BP I Seated to Standing Shortterm vs long-term! Venous Pooling Blood Pressure Homeostasis R Electrochemical Signal BP I Baroreceptors/Pressure Receptors eg, in Carotids & Aorta NB: Corrective Change Δ Opposes Original Input I CV Control Center Brain Stem C E Ef O Electrochemical Signal eg, Symp Accel N + HR + VC
3 Active Learning Group Work
4 How Big? 100 Cells Lengthwise = 1 mm!! 1. Cell Membrane? 2. Nuclear Membrane d= microns?? nucleus/nucleus-cytoplasm-membrane/
5 Cytoplasm = Cell - Nucleus [Extract nucleus; includes organelles] Cytosol = Cytoplasm - Organelles [Extract organelles; complex gel-liquid]
6 Why Compartments? Advantage? Incompatible reactions can take place Simultaneously!! Lysosome DNA Nucleus
7 Basic Cell Survival Skills? 1. Get food 2. Use food 3. Rid wastes How to live? 4. Move 5. Reproduce Nucleus or nose? N
8 1 Sample Cartoon of 100 Trillion (100 x ) Cells! Mitochondria Peroxisomes Lysosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Cytoplasm Cell Membrane organelles/organelles-in-the-cytoplasm/ fig 2-1 LS 2012
9 Rough & Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Protein & Lipid Synthesizing Factories fig 2-2 LS 2012
10 Electron Micrographs of Rough vs. Smooth ER fig 2-2 LS 2012
11 Secretion of Proteins Produced by ER fig 2-3 LS 2012
12 Golgi Complex: Final Processing, Packaging & Distribution fig 2-4 LS 2012
13 Exocytosis: Primary Means of Secretion fig 2-5a LS 2012
14 Endocytosis: Primary Means of Ingestion fig 2-5b LS 2012
15 Lysosomes vs. Peroxisomes fig 2-6 LS 2012
16 Phagocytosis: Cell Eating! fig 2-7 LS 2006
17 Film: Neutrophil engulfing bacterium L. Nilsson, Nat Geog ,000 x
18 Catalase Enzyme Reaction in Peroxisomes Neutralize Toxin at Production Site! Catalase 2H 2 O 2 2H 2 O + O 2
19 Mitochondria: Energy Organelles fig 2-8 LS 2012
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22 SOURCE: John Travis, Science News 2000;157(1), 5.
23 Inside a fertilized egg, with its two sets of chromosomes (blue), the protein ubiquitin (red) tags sperm mitochondria (yellow). SOURCE: Sutovsky P, Moreno RD, Ramalho- Santos J, Dominko T, Simerly C, Schatten G. Nature 1999;402(6760),
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29 AEROBIC w/o 2 = MITOCHONDRION ANAEROBIC without O 2 = CYTOSOL 1. Immediate/ATP-PC 2. Glycolysis
30 WOW! I M CHAMP!
31 % ATP Supplied Cytosol ATP-PC/ Immediate s Mitochondria Oxygen System > 3 5 m Glycolysis m Anaerobic Aerobic Performance Time Power Output Modified after Mathews & Fox
32 ATP = Adenosine Tri Phosphate The Common Energy Currency or the Cash Cells Understand!! Phosphates Adenosine P P P High Energy Phosphate Bonds
33 Cleave One High Energy Phosphate Bond To Do Work!! 7 10 KiloCalories/KCal P i Adenosine P P P 1 Synthesis of Macromolecules 2 Membrane Transport 3 Mechanical Work Make big things from little things! Move things! Microscopic! Move things! Macroscopic!
34 Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Metabolism Anaerobic Glycolysis "sugar dissolving" without O 2. Net of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose fig 2-15 LS 2012 Aerobic Metabolism +mitochondrial processing of glucose with O 2. Net of 32 ATP per molecule of glucose
35 AEROBIC w/o 2 MITOCHONDRIA CYTOSOL Glycolysis ANAEROBIC Immediate/ATP-PC
36 Stages of Cellular Metabolism/Respiration Anaerobic Glycolysis Cytosol Aerobic Metabolism Mitochondria Matrix fig 2-9 LS 2012 Inner Membrane
37 Glycolysis "sugar dissolving/splitting" produces small amounts of ATP fig 2-10 LS 2012
38 Citric Acid Cycle produces pairs of electrons for cashing in at the nearby electron transport chain (ETC) fig 2-11 LS David Oganesyan
39 Cashing in electrons at the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) produces an abundance of ATP energy molecules! Cytosol Outer mitochondrial membrane Rod Capaldi U of O Biology Inner... fig 2-12 LS 2012
40 Goals of Aerobic Metabolism AEROBIC = MITOCHONDRION w/o 2 harvest electrons CITRIC ACID CYCLE e - e - e - e - e - - cash in for ATP Energy!!
41 Cytoskeleton: Cell "Bone & Muscle" Microtubule Intermediate filament Microfilament LS 2012 fig 2-17
42 Microtubular Highway!! LS 2012 fig 2-18
43 4 th Component: Microtrabecular Lattice? LS 2006 fig 2-20
44 Time-out for questions!
45 What are DNA s major functions? Heredity + Day-to-Day Cell Function
46 What does DNA look like? Double-helix!! LS fig C-2
47 Gene = Stretch of DNA that codes for a protein Gene DNA Double Helix Histones Supercoiling cf: LS fig C-3
48 What does DNA do, day-to-day? Transcription Translation DNA RNA Protein ribosomes Nucleus Cytoplasm cf: LS fig C-6
49 DNA vs RNA? 1. Double-stranded 2. Deoxyribose (without oxygen) 3. A, T, C, G Thymine 4. Self-replicative (can copy itself) 5. Nucleus (+mitochondria) 1. Single-stranded 2. Ribose (with oxygen) 3. A, U, C, G Uracil 4. Needs DNA as template Cytoplasm (but Nucleus origin) 6. mrna, rrna, trna
50 Triplets of bases code for amino acids, the building blocks of proteins DNA mrna trna code word TAT ACG TTT TAC codon AUA UGC AAA AUG anti-codon UAU ACG UUU UAC
51 D. Silverthorn, Physiology: An Integrated Approach. San Francisco: Pearson Education, 2010.
52 Translation? Ribosomes Make Proteins LS 2012 fig C-7
53 Transfer RNA (trna) LS fig C-8
54 A Polyribosome. Which Way is Synthesis? LS fig C-9
55 Questions + Discussion
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