Unit 1: Level of organization Chemistry (macromolecules)
|
|
|
- Gregory Hunt
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Unit 1: Level of organization hemistry (macromolecules)
2 Levels of organization: Unit 1 Small to large: atoms molecules macromolecules Then larger (microscopic stuff): cells and their parts (organelles) Then the types of tissues cells can build, and the specializations and functions of each tissue
3 Levels of rganization hemical/molecular (simple) ell Tissue rgan rgan system rganism (complex)
4 Figure 1.4 Levels of rganization Size rganism Level All of the organ systems must work together for a person to remain alive and healthy. 1.7m rgan System Level Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine ardiovascular Lymphoid Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive The cardiovascular system includes the heart, the blood, and blood vessels. rgan Level The heart is a complex threedimensional organ. 120mm Tissue Level ardiac muscle tissue constitutes the bulk of the walls of the heart. 1mm ellular Level ardiac muscle tissue is formed from interlocking heart muscle cells. 1mm hemical or Molecular Levels eart muscle cells contain within them contractile protein fibers. 10 m omplex contractile protein fibers are organized from molecules. 10nm Molecules are formed from interacting atoms..1nm
5 Levels of rganization hemical atoms combined to form molecules ver a dozen elements in the body Four of them make up 99% of the body ydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen Major classes of compounds Water arbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids
6 Figure 1.4 Levels of rganization (Part 3 of 3) hemical or Molecular Levels eart muscle cells contain within them contractile protein fibers. 10 m omplex contractile protein fibers are organized from molecules. 10nm Molecules are formed from interacting atoms..1nm
7 Levels of rganization ell made of molecules The smallest living unit in the body Tissue consists of similar types of cells Many cells and some surrounding material rgan ombination of tissues that work closely together
8 Figure 1.4 Levels of rganization (Part 2 of 3) rgan Level The heart is a complex threedimensional organ. 120mm Tissue Level ardiac muscle tissue constitutes the bulk of the walls of the heart. 1mm ellular Level ardiac muscle tissue is formed from interlocking heart muscle cells. 1mm
9 Levels of rganization rgan System ombination of various organs make up a specific system For example: the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas make up the digestive system rganism made up of the organ systems umans are composed of 11 organ systems
10 Figure 1.4 Levels of rganization (Part 1 of 3) Size rganism Level All of the organ systems must work together for a person to remain alive and healthy. 1.7m rgan System Level Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine ardiovascular Lymphoid Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive The cardiovascular system includes the heart, the blood, and blood vessels.
11 Molecules: (more than one atom) Molecules containing carbon + other atoms = organic Larger molecules (macromolecules) are built of linked molecules ategories: arbohydrates (built from simple sugars) Lipids (built from fatty acids) Protein (built from amino acids) Nucleic acids (built from nucleotides)
12 Molecules and macromolecules We eat mostly macromolecules, and digest them to molecules We use molecules to build components of our tissues Each molecule and macromolecule has uses and chemical properties
13 rganic Molecules Always contain: arbon () and ydrogen () A carbon atom may share electrons with another carbon atom or other atoms. opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
14 rganic Molecules Macromolecules contain many molecules joined together Monomers: Simple organic molecules that exist individually Polymers: Large organic molecules form by combining monomers
15 rganic Molecules opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Polymer carbohydrate (e.g., starch) protein nucleic acid Monomer monosaccharide amino acid nucleotide
16 A meal containing carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
17 rganic Molecules ells have common mechanisms Dehydration Reaction: an - and - are removed as a water molecule ydrolysis Reaction: the components of water are added
18 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. monomer monomer dehydration reaction 2 monomer monomer a. monomer monomer hydrolysis reaction 2 monomer monomer b.
19 arbohydrates Function for quick fuel & short-term energy storage -- Simple arbohydrates Monosaccharides are sugars with 3-7 carbon atoms Pentose refers to a 5-carbon sugar exose refers to a 6-carbon sugar opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
20 arbohydrates Disaccharides contain two monosaccharides. Examples maltose, sucrose, lactose opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display dehydration reaction + + hydrolysis reaction 2 glucose glucose maltose water monosaccharide + monosaccharide disaccharide + water
21 arbohydrates Polysaccharides are long polymers that contain many glucose subunits. Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals. ellulose can be found in the cell walls of plants.
22 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display branched nonbranched starch granule cell wall potato cells Jeremy Burgess/SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.
23 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display glycogen granule liver cells Don W. Fawcett/Photo Researchers, Inc.
24 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. plant cell wall cellulose fiber cellulose fibers microfibrils glucose molecules Science Source/J.D. Litvay/Visuals Unlimited
25 Lipids Lipids function as energy storage molecules diverse in structure and function. ne common characteristic they do not dissolve in water (hydrophobic) Types Fats and oils Phospholipds Steroids
26 Lipids Fats Usually of animal origin Solid at room temperature ils Usually of plant origin Liquid at room temperature Triglycerides ne glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules
27 A fatty acid is a hydrocarbon chain that ends with the acidic group Saturated fatty acids have no double covalent bonds between carbon atoms. Unsaturated fatty acids have 1 or more double bonds between carbon atoms. * Which one is better to eat? opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display glycerol 3 fatty acids fat molecule dehydration reaction hydrolysis reaction 3 water molecules
28 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. polar end + nonpolar end emulsifier fat emulsification Emulsification Fat droplets disperses in water. Emulsifiers contain molecules with a polar and nonpolar end. Ex. Bile salts secreted by the liver
29 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lipids Phospholipids omprised of 2 fatty acids + a phosphate group Primary components of cellular membranes They spontaneously form a bilayer in which the hydrophilic heads face outward toward watery solutions and the tails form the hydrophobic interior. Purpose of bilayer? inside cell outside cell a. Plasma membrane of a cell glycerol Polar ead phosphate Fatty acids R P Nonpolar Tails b. Phospholipid structure
30 Steroids Lipids All have a backbone of four fused carbon rings. Examples: holesterol, Testosterone, Estrogen opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display a. Testosterone b. Estrogen
31 Proteins Proteins have various functions in the body Some are enzymes that speed chemical reactions polymers composed of amino acid monomers. Amino acids entral carbon bonded to a hydrogen atom Amino group (-N 2 ) Acidic group (-) R group varies opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. amino group acidic group R N N R amino acid amino acid
32 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 3 N N N + 2 S 3 N + 2
33 Peptides Proteins A polypeptide is a single chain of amino acids. A peptide bond joins two amino acids. amino group opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. acidic group peptide bond N R N dehydration reaction R N N 2 R hydrolysis reaction R amino acid amino acid dipeptide water
34 Proteins Levels of Protein rganization The structure of a protein has at least 3 levels of organization. Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Some can have four. The final shape of a protein is very important to its function. Denatured A protein loses structure and function due to heat or p.
35 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Linear amino acid peptide bond N R N R hydrogen bond R N N R N R N R N R hydrogen bond (alpha) helix (beta) pleated sheet
36 (alpha) helix opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. (beta) pleated sheet Globular disulfide bond More than 1 polypeptide chain
37 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. amino acid peptide bond N R N R hydrogen bond R N N R N R N R N R hydrogen bond (alpha) helix (beta) pleated sheet disulfide bond
38 Nucleic Acids DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA stores genetic information in the cell and in the organism. RNA (ribonucleic acid) Both are polymers of nucleotides omponents of a nucleotide Phosphate Pentose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) Nitrogen-containing base (1 of 5)
39 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. P phosphate nitrogencontaining base 5' 4' S 1' Nucleotide structure 3' 2' pentose sugar
40 DNA is a double helix 2 strands held together by hydrogen bonding omplementary base pairing Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) ytosine () always pairs with guanine (G) RNA is single stranded Several types involved in carrying information in DNA to make proteins
41 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. A A T T G G S S S P P P P S P S P S S P S P P A A A T T T G G S S P a. b. c. one nucleotide a: Radius Images/Alamy RF
42 opyright The McGraw-ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. YU ARE WAT YU EAT!!! Fig. 2B GRAINS Eat 6 oz. every day VEGE TABLES FRUITS MILK MEAT & BEANS Eat 21 / 2 cups Eat 2 cups onsume 3 Eat 51 / 2 oz. every day every day cups every every day day; ages 2 8, 2 cups
Macromolecules. Honors Biology
Macromolecules onors Biology 1 The building materials of the body are known as macromolecules because they can be very large There are four types of macromolecules: 1. Proteins 2. Nucleic acids 3. arbohydrates
Biological Molecules. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids
Biological Molecules Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids Organic Molecules Always contain Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) Carbon is missing four electrons Capable of forming 4 covalent bonds
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life. Chapter 3
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent
Biological Molecules
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds. Carbon may
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 3.1 I can explain why carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules. Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon bonded to other elements
The Building blocks of life. Macromolecules
The Building blocks of life Macromolecules 1 copyright cmassengale 2 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. 3 LIFE ON EARTH IS CARBON-BASED
Macromolecules. copyright cmassengale
Macromolecules 1 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. 2 Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent
Organic Compounds. Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules.
Macromolecules Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent
A. Structure and Function 1. Carbon a. Forms four (4) covalent bonds linked together in chains or rings Forms skeleton of basic biochemicals b.
Biochemistry 2 A. Structure and Function 1. arbon a. Forms four (4) covalent bonds linked together in chains or rings Forms skeleton of basic biochemicals b. in three dimensions (3D) Diagrams in 2D may
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids Is it made of carbohydrates? Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. A carbohydrate with 6 carbon atoms would have
CARBOHYDRATES. Produce energy for living things Atoms? Monomer Examples? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio.
CARBOHYDRATES Produce energy for living things Atoms? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio Monomer Examples? Sugars, starches MONOSACCHARIDES--- main source of energy for cells Glucose Know formula?
Macromolecules. Molecules of Life
Macromolecules Molecules of Life Learning Objectives know the difference between a dehydration synthesis reaction and a hydrolysis reaction know the different types of biological macromolecules be able
BIOCHEMISTRY. How Are Macromolecules Formed? Dehydration Synthesis or condensation reaction Polymers formed by combining monomers and removing water.
BIOCHEMISTRY Organic compounds Compounds that contain carbon are called organic. Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent bonds with as
Chapter 3: Macromolecules. 1. Carbohydrates. Polysaccharides. Maltose is a disaccharide. Macromolecules (in general) Most macromolecules are polymers
Chapter 3: Macromolecules Macromolecules is just a fancy word for: Giant Molecules Made From Smaller Building Blocks Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Macromolecules (in general) Most macromolecules
Biology 5A Fall 2010 Macromolecules Chapter 5
Learning Outcomes: Macromolecules List and describe the four major classes of molecules Describe the formation of a glycosidic linkage and distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
Biochemistry Macromolecules and Enzymes. Unit 02
Biochemistry Macromolecules and Enzymes Unit 02 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. What is Carbon? Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent bonds
All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds:
Organic Chemistry All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Do not contain carbon Organic compounds
The Atoms of Life. What are other elements would you expect to be on this list? Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur (sometimes)
Macromolecules The Atoms of Life The most frequently found atoms in the body are Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur (sometimes) What are other elements would you expect to be on this list?
What are the molecules of life?
Molecules of Life What are the molecules of life? Organic Compounds Complex Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Organic Compounds Carbon- hydrogen based molecules From Structure to Function Ø Carbon
Biology Chapter 5. Biological macromolecules
Biology Chapter 5 Biological macromolecules Small molecules (like water and NaCl) have certain properties that arise from the bonds which hold atoms together in a particular arrangement. Many of the molecules
Biological Molecules
Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent
All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds:
Biochemistry Organic Chemistry All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Do not contain carbon Organic
Biology Kevin Dees. Biology Chapter 5. Biological macromolecules
Biology Chapter 5 Biological macromolecules Small molecules (like water and NaCl) have certain properties that arise from the bonds which hold atoms together in a particular arrangement. Many of the molecules
Lesson 2. Biological Molecules. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1
Lesson 2 Biological Molecules Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Carbon in Biological Molecules Organic molecules contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) Example: glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Inorganic
Carbon. Isomers. The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Carbon Chapter 3 Framework of biological molecules consists primarily of carbon bonded to Carbon O, N, S, P or H Can form up to 4 covalent bonds Hydrocarbons molecule
Biological molecules
Biological molecules 04-04-16 Announcements Your lab report 1 is due now Quiz 1 is on Wednesday at the beginning of class, so don t be late Review Macromolecues are large molecules necessary for life made
Organic Compounds. (Carbon Compounds) Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Organic Compounds (Carbon Compounds) Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbon s Bonding Behavior Outer shell of carbon has 4 electrons; can hold 8 Each carbon atom can form covalent bonds with
A. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Molecules
Biological Substances found in Living Tissues Lecture Series 3 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function A. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Lipids can form large biological molecules, but these aggregations
Unit 3: Chemistry of Life Mr. Nagel Meade High School
Unit 3: Chemistry of Life Mr. Nagel Meade High School IB Syllabus Statements 3.2.1 Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. 3.2.2 Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules
Unit #2: Biochemistry
Unit #2: Biochemistry STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF FOUR MACROMOLECULES What are the four main biomolecules? How is each biomolecule structured? What are their roles in life? Where do we find them in our body?
Chp 2 (cont.) Organic Molecules. Spider s web and close up of capture strand - spider silk protein
Chp 2 (cont.) Organic Molecules Spider s web and close up of capture strand - spider silk protein 1! Molecular Diversity is Based on Carbon An organic molecule contains both carbon and hydrogen. Ex: Methane
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules
Bio 12 Important Organic Compounds: Biological Molecules NOTES Name:
Bio 12 Important Organic Compounds: Biological Molecules NOTES Name: Many molecules of life are.(means many molecules joined together) Monomers: that exist individually Polymers: Large organic molecules
Most life processes are a series of chemical reactions influenced by environmental and genetic factors.
Biochemistry II Most life processes are a series of chemical reactions influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Metabolism the sum of all biochemical processes 2 Metabolic Processes Anabolism-
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life State Standards Standard 1.h. Standard 5.a. Standard 4.e. Organic Molecules A cell is mostly water. The rest of the cell consists mostly of carbon based molecules organic
Organic Compounds. Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules.
Macromolecules 1 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. 2 Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent
Biology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life
Biology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life Chapter 3 Outline 3.1 Why Is Carbon So Important in Biological Molecules? p. 38 3.2 How Are Organic Molecules Synthesized? p. 38 3.3 What Are Carbohydrates?
Chapter 3- Organic Molecules
Chapter 3- Organic Molecules CHNOPS Six of the most abundant elements of life (make up 95% of the weight of all living things)! What are they used for? Structures, enzymes, energy, hormones, DNA How do
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules
Macro molecule = is all the reactions that take place in cells, the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism Anabolism:
Macromolecule Macro molecule = molecule that is built up from smaller units The smaller single subunits that make up macromolecules are known as Joining two or more single units together form a M is all
Composed of long chains of smaller molecules Macromolecules are formed through the process of polymerization
Chapter 5, Campbell Composed of long chains of smaller molecules Macromolecules are formed through the process of polymerization. Polymerization = large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together
Biological Molecules Ch 2: Chemistry Comes to Life
Outline Biological Molecules Ch 2: Chemistry Comes to Life Biol 105 Lecture 3 Reading Chapter 2 (pages 31 39) Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Amino acids and Proteins Nucleotides and Nucleic
Honors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes
Honors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes 3.1 I can explain why carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules. Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon
The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley
The Carbon Atom (cont.)
Organic Molecules Organic Chemistry The chemistry of the living world. Organic Molecule a molecule containing carbon and hydrogen Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell and can share electrons with
General Biology 1004 Chapter 3 Lecture Handout, Summer 2005 Dr. Frisby
Slide 1 CHAPTER 3 The Molecules of Life PowerPoint Lecture Slides for Essential Biology, Second Edition & Essential Biology with Physiology Presentation prepared by Chris C. Romero Copyright 2004 Pearson
3.1 Carbon is Central to the Living World
BIOL 100 Ch. 3 1 3.1 Carbon is Central to the Living World Carbon Central element to life Most biological molecules are built on a carbon framework. Organic molecules Humans 18.5% Carbon Why is Carbon
Organic Molecules. 8/27/2004 Mr. Davenport 1
Organic Molecules 8/27/2004 Mr. Davenport 1 Carbohydrates Commonly called sugars and starches Consist of C, H, O with H:O ration 2:1 Usually classified as to sugar units Monosaccharide are single sugar
Molecule - two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Ex. = water, H O
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY NOTES Why study carbon? ORGANIC CHEMISTRY NOTES Why study carbon? * All of life is built on carbon * Cells are made up of about 72% water 3% salts (NaCl, and K) 25% carbon compounds which
Essential Components of Food
Essential Components of Food The elements of life living things are mostly (98%) made of 6 elements: C carbon H hydrogen O oxygen P phosphorus N nitrogen S sulphur -each element makes a specific number
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Part 2
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Part 2 Carbohydrates are Polymers of Monosaccharides Three different ways to represent a monosaccharide Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are sugars and starches and provide
Macromolecules. Note: If you have not taken Chemistry 11 (or if you ve forgotten some of it), read the Chemistry Review Notes on your own.
Macromolecules Note: If you have not taken Chemistry 11 (or if you ve forgotten some of it), read the Chemistry Review Notes on your own. Macromolecules are giant molecules made up of thousands or hundreds
Agenda. Chapter 3: Macromolecules. 1. Carbohydrates. Macromolecules (in general) What are organic compounds?
Agenda Chapter 3 The molecules of life Macromolecules --Detour into Healthy Pig Land 4. Nucelic acids Chapter 3: Macromolecules Macromolecules is just a fancy word for: Giant Molecules Made From Smaller
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules. KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life. Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties. Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based
Chapter 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
Chapter 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES You Must Know The role of dehydration synthesis in the formation of organic compounds and hydrolysis in the digestion of organic compounds.
Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Name Period Concept 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers 1. The large molecules of all living things fall into just four main classes. Name them. 2. Circle the three classes that are called
The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
NAME DATE Chapter 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Guided Reading Concept 5.1: Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers 1. The large molecules of all living things fall
The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules. Chapter 5
The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Chapter 5 The Molecules of Life Living things made up of 4 classes of large biological molecules (macromolecules) : 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3.
CHAPTER 3. Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life
CHAPTER 3 Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life Carbon: The Organic Element Compounds that are synthesized by cells and contain carbon are organic So what is inorganic? Why are carbon compounds so prevalent?
Molecules of Life. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Molecules of Life Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Molecules of Life All living things are composed of the following basic elements: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfur Remember
NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*)
NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*) (*)1. An organic compound is one that: a. contains carbon b. is slightly acidic c. forms long chains d. is soluble
Bio 12 Chapter 2 Test Review
Bio 12 Chapter 2 Test Review 1.Know the difference between ionic and covalent bonds In order to complete outer shells in electrons bonds can be Ionic; one atom donates or receives electrons Covalent; atoms
Do Now: Sort the following into the order of life from smallest to largest:
Do Now: Sort the following into the order of life from smallest to largest: organ, molecule, atom, organelle, cell, organ system, tissue, organism Correct Order: atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue,
Chapter 3. Table of Contents. Section 1 Carbon Compounds. Section 2 Molecules of Life. Biochemistry
Biochemistry Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds Section 2 Molecules of Life Section 1 Carbon Compounds Objectives Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. Explain the importance of
Macromolecules. The four groups of biomolecules or macromolecules found in living things which are essential to life are: 1. PROTEINS 1.
Macromolecules The four groups of biomolecules or macromolecules found in living things which are essential to life are: 1. PROTEINS 1. CARBOHYDRATES 1. LIPIDS 1. NUCLEIC ACIDS Carbon Compounds All compounds
Many of the compounds we are concerned with in biology are carbon-based compounds The study of carbon-based compounds is called organic chemistry
1 2 3 4 Bio 1101 Lecture 3 Chapter 3: Molecules of Life Organic Molecules Many of the compounds we are concerned with in biology are carbon-based compounds The study of carbon-based compounds is called
Chapter 2 pt 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Life. Gregory Ahearn. John Crocker. Including the lecture Materials of
Chapter 2 pt 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Life Including the lecture Materials of Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida with amendments and additions by John Crocker Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc..
Biology Unit 2 Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms Date/Hour
Biology Unit 2 Name Elements & Macromolecules in rganisms Date/our Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body
Macromolecules Carbohydrates A COMPLEX COLORING EXPERIENCE
Macromolecules Carbohydrates A COMPLEX COLORING EXPERIENCE Name: Per: Date: All plants, animals and microorganisms use carbohydrates as sources of energy. Carbohydrates are also used as structural building
Biology. Chapter 3. Molecules of Life. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr
Biology Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr Chapter 3 Molecules of Life 2015 3.1 What Are the Molecules of Life? The molecules of life contain a high proportion of carbon atoms: Complex carbohydrates
Macromolecules. 3. There are several levels of protein structure, the most complex of which is A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary
Macromolecules 1. If you remove all of the functional groups from an organic molecule so that it has only carbon and hydrogen atoms, the molecule become a molecule. A) carbohydrate B) carbonyl C) carboxyl
Overview of Biomolecules
Overview of Biomolecules Carbohydrates Type of Biomolecule Carbohydrate Monomer Functions Monosaccharide Provide energy Starch (polysaccharide): Used for energy storage in plants (e.g., potatoes). Glycogen
Carbon s Bonding Pattern
Organic Compounds It used to be thought that only living things could synthesize the complicated carbon compounds found in cells German chemists in the 1800 s learned how to do this in the lab, showing
Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules 1. Name the four main classes of organic molecules found in all living things. Which of the four are classified as macromolecules. Define
Good Afternoon! 11/30/18
Good Afternoon! 11/30/18 1. The term polar refers to a molecule that. A. Is cold B. Has two of the same charges C. Has two opposing charges D. Contains a hydrogen bond 2. Electrons on a water molecule
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules I. Polymers What is a polymer? Poly = many; mer = part. A polymer is a large molecule consisting of many smaller sub-units bonded together. What is a monomer?
Macromolecules. Large molecules made up of smaller building blocks or subunits. Chapter
Macromolecules Large molecules made up of smaller building blocks or subunits Chapter 2.8 2.21 Types of macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Primary fuel source for
Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms
Elements & Macromolecules in rganisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds can be
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules (Chapter Five)
1 Most Macromolecules are Polymers The Structure and Function of Macromolecules (Chapter Five) POLYMER PRINCIPLES The four main classes of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic
Chapter 1-2 Review Assignment
Class: Date: Chapter 1-2 Review Assignment Multiple Choice dentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Corn seedlings A student wanted to design an investigation to see
Chapter 2. Chemical Composition of the Body
Chapter 2 Chemical Composition of the Body Carbohydrates Organic molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen General formula C n H 2n O n -ose denotes a sugar molecule Supply energy Glucose Complex
Introduction to Macromolecules. If you were to look at the nutrition label of whole milk, what main items stick out?
Introduction to Macromolecules Macromolecules are a set of molecules that are found in living organisms. Macromolecules essentially mean big molecules as the word macro means large. The functions of these
The Amazing Molecule: Water
The Amazing Molecule: Water All living things are made of chemicals. Understanding life requires an understanding of chemistry. Biochemistry- the chemistry of life helps us understand todays biological
the nature and importance of biomacromolecules in the chemistry of the cell: synthesis of biomacromolecules through the condensation reaction lipids
the nature and importance of biomacromolecules in the chemistry of the cell: synthesis of biomacromolecules through the condensation reaction lipids and their sub-units; the role of lipids in the plasma
From Atoms to Cells: Fundamental Building Blocks. Models of atoms. A chemical connection
From Atoms to Cells: A chemical connection Fundamental Building Blocks Matter - all materials that occupy space & have mass Matter is composed of atoms Atom simplest form of matter not divisible into simpler
Chapter 3 Guided Reading Notes Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
AP Biology Name: Block Chapter 3 Guided Reading Notes Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Most of this chapter is new material. We will discuss it all in detail. Section 1 1. Make an electron distribution
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Seventh Edition Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Introduction Most of the
CHAPTER 2- BIOCHEMISTRY I. WATER (VERY IMPORTANT TO LIVING ORGANISMS) A. POLAR COMPOUND- 10/4/ H O KENNEDY BIOLOGY 1AB
CHAPTER 2- BIOCHEMISTRY KENNEDY BIOLOGY 1AB I. WATER (VERY IMPORTANT TO LIVING ORGANISMS) WATER S UNIQUE PROPERTIES MAKE IT ESSENTIAL FOR ALL LIFE FUNCTIONS IT IS POLAR, AND HAS BOTH ADHESIVE AND COHESIVE
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids. B) Chemical reactions -forms macromolecules and takes them apart: Dehydration synthesis
Section 5: Molecules of Life - Macromolecules Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen atoms A) Type of macromolecules 4 types: Name Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids subunit monosaccharides
I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers. Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis
I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis 1 Dehydration Synthesis: Figure 3: Depolymerization via Hydrolysis Hydrolysis:
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES. Although many inorganic compounds are essential to life, the vast majority of substances in living things are organic compounds.
BIOLOGY 12 BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES NAME: Although many inorganic compounds are essential to life, the vast majority of substances in living things are organic compounds. ORGANIC MOLECULES: Organic molecules
Organic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl.
Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl. Organic Compounds - have carbon bonded to other atoms and determine structure/function
Chapter Three (Biochemistry)
Chapter Three (Biochemistry) 1 SECTION ONE: CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBON BONDING All compounds can be classified in two broad categories: organic compounds and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are made
The Star of The Show (Ch. 3)
The Star of The Show (Ch. 3) Why study Carbon? All of life is built on carbon Cells ~72% 2 O ~25% carbon compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids ~3% salts Na, Cl, K Chemistry of Life Organic
Chapter 3. The Molecules of Cells. Lecture by Richard L. Myers
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture by Richard
Chapter 3. The Molecules of Life
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life Biology and Society: Got Lactose? Lactose is the main sugar found in milk. Lactose intolerance is the inability to properly digest lactose. Instead of lactose being broken
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Introduction: Got Lactose? The Molecules of Cells. Most of the world s population cannot digest milkbased
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells Introduction: Got Lactose? Most of the world s population cannot digest milkbased foods They are lactose intolerant, because they lack the enzyme lactase This illustrates
Chapter 5 Structure and Function Of Large Biomolecules
Formation of Macromolecules Monomers Polymers Macromolecules Smaller larger Chapter 5 Structure and Function Of Large Biomolecules monomer: single unit dimer: two monomers polymer: three or more monomers