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1 Test Equipment Depot Washington Street Melrose, MA TestEquipmentDepot.com Table of Contents Table of Contents... iii Preface... viii Getting Started Breadboard Power Supply LEDs Toggle Switches Push Buttons Debounced Push Buttons Clock Integrated Circuits Circuit Construction Materials and Parts Chapter 1: Introductory Concepts Introduction Objectives Discussion Digital and Analog Circuits Use of Binary Digital Ones and Zeros Digital Circuits Summary Review Questions Chapter 2: Number Systems and Codes Introduction Objectives Discussion The Binary Number System Binary to Decimal Conversion Decimal to Binary Conversion The Hexadecimal Number System The Octal Number System Binary Coded Decimal System ASCII Code Summary Review Questions Chapter 3: Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra Introduction Objectives Discussion Boolean Variables Truth Tables The AND Operation The OR Operation The NOT Operation Logic Equations Logic Circuits AND, OR and NOT Gates NAND and NOR Gates iii

2 3.4 Summary Review Questions Lab Exercise 3.1: The NOT Gate (Inverter) Lab Exercise 3.2: The And Gate Lab Exercise 3.3: The OR Gate Lab Exercise 3.4: The NAND Gate Lab Exercise 3.5: The NOR Gate Lab Exercise 3.6: Using the NAND Gate for Any Logic Function Lab Exercise 3.7: Using the NOR Gate for Any Logic Function Chapter 4: Combinational Logic Circuits Introduction Objectives Sum-Of-Products Form Designing Combination Circuits Boolean Simplification The Karnaugh Map Product-Of-Sums Form The Exclusive OR And Exclusive NOR Circuits Summary Review Questions Lab Exercise 4.1: Minterm and Maxterm Truth Tables Lab Exercise 4.2: Simplifying Logic Circuits Lab Exercise 4.3: Decoders Lab Exercise 4.4: Multiplexers Lab Exercise 4.5: The XOR Circuit Lab Exercise 4.6: The XNOR Circuit Chapter 5: Latches and Flip-Flops Introduction Objectives Discussion SR Latch D Latch SR Latch with Enable D Latch with Enable T Latch JK Latch Clock Signal D Flip-Flop JK Flip-Flop Counting and Frequency Division Monostable Multivibrators Summary Review Questions Lab Exercise 5.1: SR Latches Lab Exercise 5.2: The D Latch Lab Exercise 5.3: The SR Latch with Enable Lab Exercise 5.4: The D Latch with Enable Lab Exercise 5.5: The D Flip-flop Lab Exercise 5.6: The T Flip-flop Lab Exercise 5.7: The J-K Flip-flop Lab Exercise 5.8: The One-shot iv

3 Chapter 6: Digital Arithmetic Introduction Objectives Discussion Binary Addition Signed Numbers Binary Subtraction Binary Multiplication Binary Division Hexadecimal Arithmetic BCD Addition The Half-adder Full-adder Parallel Binary Adder BCD Adder Binary Multipliers Summary Review Questions Lab Exercise 6.1: Binary Adders Lab Exercise 6.2: Parallel Binary Adder Lab Exercise 6.3: The BCD Adder Lab Exercise 6.4: The ALU Chapter 7: Counters and Registers Introduction Objectives Discussion Ripple Counters MOD Counters Down Counters Parallel Counters Parallel UP/DOWN Counter Presetable Counters IC Binary UP/DOWN Counter Counter Decoding Shift Registers Johnson Counter Integrated Circuit Registers Summary Review Questions Lab Exercise 7.1: UP/DOWN Counters Lab Exercise 7.2: Synchronous Counters Lab Exercise 7.3: IC Counters Lab Exercise 7.4: Shift Registers Lab Exercise 7.5: The 74LS Lab Exercise 7.6: The 74LS Chapter 8: Integrated Circuit Logic Families Introduction Objectives Discussion Terminology TTL Logic Family Standard TTL Logic Characteristics TTL Loading Rules v

4 8.3.5 Using Specification Sheets Open Collector Outputs Three-State Logic Other TTL Families The MOSFET CMOS Interfacing CMOS and TTL ESD Control Summary Review Questions Lab Exercise 8.1: TTL Loading Rules Lab Exercise 8.2: Open-Collector Logic Gates Lab Exercise 8.3: Three-State Logic Lab Exercise 8.4: TTL and CMOS Interfacing Chapter 9: M edium Scale Integration Introduction Objectives Discussion Decoders BCD-to-Decimal Decoder BCD-to-Seven Segment Display Decoders Common Displays Encoders Multiplexers Demultiplexers State Registers Summary Review Questions Lab Exercise 9.1: Decoders Lab Exercise Lab Exercise 9.3: Encoders Lab Exercise 9.4: Digital Multiplexers Lab Exercise 9.5: Demultiplexers Chapter 10: Data Conversion and Acquisition Introduction Objectives Discussion D/A Conversion D/A Specifications D/A Applications A/D Conversion Successive Approximation A/D Data Acquisition Sample and Hold Circuits Multiplexing Summary Review Questions Lab Exercise 10.1: D/A Converters Lab Exercise Lab Exercise 10.3: The Analog Multiplexer Chapter 11: Potpourri Introduction Objectives vi

5 11.3 Discussion The 555 Timer Opto-Isolators DIP Relays Programmable Logic Devices Summary Review Questions Lab Exercise 11.1: The 555 Timer Lab Exercise 11.2: DIP Relays Lab Exercise 11.3: The Opto-Isolator Chapter 12: M icrocomputer Concepts Introduction Objectives What Is A Microcomputer? Organization of the Microcomputer Interfacing Parallel and Serial Data Transmission Programming Machine Language Assembly Language High Level Language Summary Review Questions Appendix A: IC Pin-outs Appendix B: IC Chips Parts List Test Equipment Depot Washington Street Melrose, MA TestEquipmentDepot.com vii

KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK. Subject Name: ELECTRONICS AND MICRIPROCESSORS UNIT I

KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Subject Name: ELECTRONICS AND MICRIPROCESSORS UNIT I Year/Sem:II / IV PART-A(2 MARKS) SEMICONDUCTORS AND RECTIFIERS 1. What